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"Persetujuan Paris Agreement UNFCCC mengatur mengenai kontribusi yang ditetapkan secara nasional (Nationally Determined Contribution/NDC) yang harus dilakukan oleh setiap negara. International Maritime Organization (IMO) mengeluarkan “initial strategy on reduction of GHG emissions from ships” untuk mengurangi emisi sektor pelayaran. Untuk mewujudkan komitmen target yang Indonesia yang dibuat sesuai dengan Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), pemerintah mengeluarkan berbagai peraturan dan kebijakan untuk bisa memenuhi target Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Indonesia pada tahun 2030. Maka permasalahan yang diteliti mengenai Bagaimana penerapan kebijakan dan peraturan pemerintah dapat memenuhi target NDC Indonesia sesuai dengan ketentuan Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Dan Bagaimana kebijakan dekarbonisasi dalam industri pelayaran sesuai dengan NDC Indonesia dan ketetapan oleh International Maritime Organization (IMO). Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian doktrinal, yang data digunakan adalah data sekunder yang didukung oleh wawancara dengan narasumber informan dan jenis-jenis bahan hukum lainnya, pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan melakukan studi kepustakaan. Untuk mewujudkan komitmen NDC Indonesia dalam penurunan emisi, pemerintah telah mengeluarkan roadmap atau peta jalan yang menggambarkan langkah-langkah, tahapan program, aktivitas, penanggung jawab, strategi pelaksanaan yang jelas dan rencana aksi mitigasi. Pemerintah telah membuat aksi mitigasi untuk sektor pelayaran yaitu implementasi onshore power supply (OPS), penggunaan bahan bakar low sulfur dan bahan bakar non karbon. Maka dalam kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa pemerintah mengeluarkan roadmap atau peta jalan yang menggambarkan langkah-langkah, tahapan program, aktivitas, penanggung jawab, dan strategi pelaksanaan yang jelas dan aksi mitigasi yang dibuat seperti OPS yang sudah berjalan dengan baik dan bahan bakar non karbon masih berjalan. Aksi mitigasi ini efektif dalam penurunan emisi karbon.

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The UNFCCC Paris Agreement regulates the nationally determined contribution (NDC) that each country must make. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has issued an "initial strategy on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships" to reduce emissions in the shipping sector. In order to realize Indonesia’s target commitments made in accordance with the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), the government has issued a range of regulations and policies to be able to meet the nationally determined contribution target of Indonesia by 2030. Then the question is how the implementation of government policies and regulations can meet the goals of NDC Indonesia in accordance with the provisions of the Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. And how the decarbonization policy in the shipping industry is in line with the NDC Indonesia and the provisions of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This research is a type of doctrinal research; the data used is secondary data supported by interviews with informant sources and other types of legal materials. Data collection is carried out by conducting library studies. To realize NDC Indonesia’s commitment to emissions reduction, the government has issued a roadmap that outlines measures, program phases, activities, accountability, clear implementation strategies, and mitigation action plans. The government has taken mitigation measures for the shipping sector, including the implementation of onshore power supply (OPS), the use of low sulfur fuels, and non-carbon fuels. So in the conclusion of this study, the government issued a roadmap describing the steps, program phases, activities, accountabilities, and clear implementation strategies and mitigation actions made such as the OPS already running and non-carbon fuels still running. This mitigation action is effective in reducing the carbon emissions of the maritime transport sector."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang kemungkinan penerapan skema pajak karbon di industri pelayaran maritim. Perubahan iklim saat ini merupakan salah satu masalah terbesar yang dihadapi bumi, dengan emisi gas rumah kaca menjadi salah satu penyebab utama pemanasan global. Perjanjian Paris adalah salah satu perjanjian terpenting yang mencakup perubahan iklim, tetapi belum secara eksplisit memasukkan industri perkapalan maritim, meskipun itu adalah sumber sekitar 3% dari emisi gas rumah kaca dunia. Sebagai badan organisasi internasional utama mengenai operasi maritim, International Maritime Organization (IMO) telah menempatkan fokus pada pengurangan emisi karbon dari industri perkapalan melalui serangkaian langkah dan target, di antaranya adalah skema market-based- measures. Melalui analisis artikel, studi, dan perbandingan, skripsi ini akan menunjukkan bagaimana pajak karbon dapat menjadi opsi yang memungkinkan untuk market-based-measures IMO. Pajak karbon akan menginternalisasi biaya eksternal untuk emisi yang disebabkan oleh industri dan pendapatan yang dikumpulkan darinya dapat digunakan untuk dana yang dapat membantu pendanaan mitigasi perubahan iklim dalam sektor pelayaran, penelitian dan pengembangan bahan bakar nol-karbon, dan membiayai pembangunan jangka panjang dan jangka pendek.

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This thesis discusses about the possibility of implementing a carbon tax scheme in the maritime shipping industry. Climate change is currently one of the biggest problems that the earth is facing, with greenhouse gas emissions being one of the most prominent causes of global warming. The Paris Agreement is one of the most important treaties that covers climate change, but it has yet to explicitly include the maritime shipping industry, even though it’s the source of approximately 3% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. As the primary international organizational body regarding maritime operations, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has placed a focus on reducing carbon emissions from the shipping industry through a series of measures and targets, amongst which is the market-based- mechanism scheme. Through the incorporation of articles, studies, and comparisons, this thesis will demonstrate how a carbon tax could be a possible option for IMO’s market-based-measure. A carbon tax would internalise external costs for the emissions caused by the industry and the revenue collected from it could be used towards a fund that could aid in funding of in-sector climate change mitigation, research and development of zero-carbon fuels, and short- and long- term development."

"Sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia nomor 56/PERMEN-KP/2014 tentang pembekuan perizinan usaha pengangkutan ikan dan 57/PERMEN-KP/2014 tentang transshipment di laut, usaha kapal angkut ikan berhenti beroperasi. Salah satu perusahaan pengangkutan ikan swasta yang beroperasi di Jawa, Bali, dan Nusa Tenggara, hendak merubah bisnisnya dari kapal ikan menjadi kapal angkut dengan konsep liner shipping. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan studi untuk mengetahui rute yang menguntungkan perusahaan dengan menggunakan metode meta-heuristik. Hasilnya didapatkan rute dengan profit Rp 2,385,280,596,-, yaitu Ketapang-Larantuka-Bima-Labuhan Lombok-Ketapang.

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In honor to policy made by Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia Number 56 / PERMEN-KP / 2014, and Number 57 / PERMEN-KP / 2014, fish carrier?s vessels stop to operate. One of private fish carrier?s firm which operates in Jawa, Bali, and Nusa Tenggara, wants to convert its business from fish carrier to liner shipping carrier. therefore, it is needed to generate a study of the profitable route. By using meta-heuristics method, the near-optimal route will be determined. A profitable route was found, which was Ketapang-Larantuka ? Bima - Labuhan Lombok ? Ketapang, with a margin of Rp2,385,280,596,-."

"A World History of Rubber helps readers understand and gain new insights into the social and cultural contexts of global production and consumption, from the nineteenth century to today, through the fascinating story of one commodity. * Divides the coverage into themes of race, migration, and labor; gender on plantations and in factories; demand and everyday consumption; World Wars and nationalism; and resistance and independence * Highlights the interrelatedness of our world long before the age of globalization and the global social inequalities that persist today * Discusses key concepts of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, including imperialism, industrialization, racism, and inequality, through the lens of rubber * Provides an engaging and accessible narrative for all levels that is filled with archival research, illustrations, and maps."

"Torch brazing is one method of brazing based on using a heat source for joining metals. This method is classified as a liquid-solid state thermochemical process and is generally used in joining pipes. This process heats the brazing filler metal until it reaches the melting point without exceeding the melting point of the base metals to be joined. After cooling, the filler metal grants a strong joining capacity to the base metal. Depending on the amount of pressure and the length of lap joint in the brazing process the quality of the joint will be affected. This research will investigate the effect of pressure and the length of the lap joint on the material strength properties of BJ DD2 steel and C12000 copper. An optimal configuration between pressure and the length of lap joint will be determined from the result of shear load and joint clearance, which are the factors that affect joint strength and the process of brazing. The greater the shear load and the smaller the joint clearance, the higher the joint strength will be. The result shows that the pressure has a larger effect than the length of the lap joint for dissimilar metal joining using torch brazing."