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"This article compares Indonesia legal system and Malaysian legal system. The government legalized Islamic law in national legislations, which are in effect for Muslim people. To facilitate dispute settlement, there is a religious court to solve Islamic dispute based on Islamic law. The existence of Islamic law in Indonesia and Malaysia has similarity and differentiation. The similarties among others are: the Muslim-majority in both countries pushes the government to put Islamic law into force, Islamic law must be written into constitution or legislation. It is needed to have legal basis when performing Islamic law, the existence of religious court is very important in dispute settlement related to Islamic law. The influence of western legal system is very strong in national legal system. Nevertheless, the western legal system differs substantially from Islamic legal system, and Islamic law was implemented limitedly based upon western legislation. It was limited to family law. While the differentiations are: the way of implementation of western legal system into national legal system and the form of legislation. Indonesia has one legislation, which is in effect to all of Indonesia people. On the contrary, Malaysia has many enactments, which are different from one to another in each negeri."

"Ernst Utrecht adalah salah seorang sarjana hukum terbaik yang pernah dimiliki oleh Indonesia. Pandangan politiknya menempatkan dirinya sebagai seorang intelektual organik; sarjana hukum yang terlibat dan mengutarakan kesadaran umum yang ada di dalam masyarakat, baik itu di arena akademis, maupun di arena politis. Keterlibatannya yang kontroversial ini berakhir tragis, karena membuatnya meninggalkan Indonesia untuk selama-lamanya. Artikel ini memaparkan dan merefleksikan beberapa ide hukum dan politik Utrecht yang cukup kontroversial; yaitu, pertama, pengayoman sebagai tujuan hukum Indonesia, sebuah tujuan hukum yang nyaris tidak termasuk arus utama tujuan hukum dalam teks-teks hukum masa kini, karena ia merelevansikannya dengan ide revolusi dan ajaran Marxisme, namun dengan cara yang lebih kritis. Kedua, Pancasila sebagai etika kenegaraan dan grundnorm, tema yang terus menjadi perdebatan hingga masa kini, walaupun Kelsen jelas-jelas mengatakan bahwa grundnorm harus bersih dari unsur bukan hukum, dan oleh karenanya menerima Pancasila sebagai etika kenegaraan berimplikasi hilangnya dasar teoritis menerima Pancasila sebagai grundnorm. Yang terakhir mengenai asas legalitas, yang ia kritik secara keras, karena keberadaan asas tersebut hanya merefleksikan kepentingan kaum yang berkuasa. Pemikirannya ini semua tak pelak lagi mengokohkan predikatnya sebagai salah seorang sarjana hukum terbaik yang pernah dimiliki oleh Indonesia.

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Ernst Utrecht is one of the best legal scholars Indonesia has ever had. His political views position him as an organic intellectual; a legal scholar involved in and expressing the social consciousness, both in the academic as well as in the political arena. His controversial involvement came to a tragic end, causing him to leave Indonesia for good. This article describes and reflects on some of Utrecht?s rather controversial ideas about law and politics; namely, first, "pengayoman" (guardianship) the purpose of law in Indonesia, a purpose of law which is almost completely absent from the mainstream conception of the purpose of law in contemporary legal texts, as he relates it to the idea of revolution and the teaching of Marxism, albeit taking a more critical approach. Second, Pancasila as state ethics and grundnorm, a theme which remains debated up to the present time, in spite of Kelsen?s express statement that grundnorm must be clean from non-legal elements, thus the implication of recognizing Pancasila as state ethics is that Pancasila as grundnorm loses its theoretical ground. Finally, the principle of legality, subject to Utrecht?s strong critique for reflecting the interest of those in power only. All of his above described thinking undoubtedly reaffirm Utrecht?s predicate as one of the best legal scholars Indonesia has ever had.

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