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"What is a professional psychologist to do when a client brings up the concept of sin? To some, sin may seem like a stifling religious relic that has no place in contemporary psychology. But viewing sin from within the Christian faith, and in tandem with the doctrine of grace, can help psychologists understand why sin is such an important concept for many of their Christian clients. Psychologists' misunderstanding of sin and grace may contribute to relatively low rates of referral from Christian leaders to clinical psychologists, and may sometimes hinder therapeutic progress. Two methods of data collection, involving a total of 171 respondents, were used to discern what Christian leaders wish psychologists understood regarding the doctrine of sin. Respondents emphasized the nature and consequences of sin, grace, and the importance of psychologists understanding sin and grace. Implications for professional psychologists are offered."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai perkembangan Kristen di Korea tahun 1784 hingga 1910 sejak masa awal masuknya di Korea hingga masa akhir kerajaan Joseon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan perkembangan Kristen di Korea melalui sikap dan respon masyarakat Korea dalam berbagai kebijakan pemerintah Joseon, serta beberapa peristiwa yang terkait dengan benturan antara kebijakan pemerintah dengan sikap masyarakat pendukung dan penganut Kristen. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kristen di Korea pada masa Joseon dianggap sebagai ilmu baru oleh kaum pelajar Konfusian. Akan tetapi, dalam perkembangannya Kristen mengalami berbagai hambatan, terutama disebabkan oleh kebijakan anti-Kristen dari pemerintah di masa akhir Joseon.

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ABSTRACTThis Thesis discusses about the development of Christian in Korea in 1784-1910, from the first Christian introduced in Korea until the late of Joseon era. This research aimed to explain the development of christianity in Korea through some government policies in Joseon era, also some incidents that related to the impact of government policy and Korean christian attitude. This research applies historical method with descriptive design. The result of this research shows that Confucians scholar in Joseon era regarded Christian as a new science. However, Christianity in Korea had to face many obstacles, especially the anti-christian policy that government of Joseon era enacted."