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"Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, seorang produsen tentu ingin mendapatkan keuntungan sebesar mungkin. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah dengan meminimumkan biaya yang dikeluarkan ketika mendistribusikan produk kepada para pelanggannya. Untuk meminimumkan biaya distribusi tersebut, perlu dilakukan alokasi jenis kendaraan yang tepat ketika mendistribusikan produk. Apabila dalam mendistribusikan produknya produsen tersebut menyewa kendaraan dari rental, maka akan terdapat biaya tambahan yang harus produsen tersebut keluarkan. Sebuah kasus khusus ketika rental memberlakukan mekanisme diskon untuk biaya sewa kendaraan dipertimbangkan. Masalah peminimuman biaya transportasi, yang terdiri atas biaya pengiriman produk dan biaya sewa kendaraan, akan diselesaikan menggunakan metode pemrograman dinamik. Kemudian akan diberikan sebuah contoh kasus masalah peminimuman biaya transportasi yang akan diselesaikan menggunakan metode pemrograman dinamik dan dicari tahu berapakah waktu yang dibutuhkan running time program untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Hasil yang didapat akan berupa total biaya transportasi minimum yang harus dikeluarkan, banyak jumlah kendaraan untuk setiap jenis yang digunakan untuk mendistribusikan produk kepada setiap pelanggan, dan running time yang dibutuhkan program untuk mendapatkan solusi tersebut.

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In daily life, a manufacturer would want to get as much profit as possible. One of the ways to achieve that purpose is by minimizing the costs incurred when distributing products to its customers. To minimize the distributing costs, it is necessary to allocate the right types of vehicles when distributing the products. If in distributing the product the manufacturer leases the vehicle from the rental, there will be additional costs that the manufacturer must spend. A special case when the rental applies a discounted mechanism for the rent costs is considered. The problem of minimizing the transportation costs, which consist of delivery costs and rent costs, will be solved using dynamic programming method. Then will be given an example of minimizing transportation costs case that will be solved using dynamic programming method and will find out running time that program needed to solve the case given. The results obtained are total minimum transportation costs, how many vehicles for every type that will be used to distributing products to each customer, and running time that program needed to get the solution."

"Over the past 40 years the field of molecular simulations has evolved from picosecond studies of isolated macromolecules in vacuum to studies of complex, chemically heterogeneous biological systems consisting of millions of atoms, with the simulation time scales spanning up to milliseconds. In Biomolecular Simulations: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers illustrate many of the methods commonly used in molecular modelling of biological systems, including methods for electronic structure calculations, classical molecular dynamics simulations and coarse-grained techniques. A selection of advanced techniques and recent methodological developments, which rarely find coverage in traditional textbooks, is also introduced. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include general introductions to well-established computational methodologies, applications to real-world biological systems, as well as practical tips and general protocols on carrying out biomolecular simulations. Special emphasis is placed on simulations of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Authoritative and practical, Biomolecular Simulations: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in further simulation studies of biological systems."

"In Risk and portfolio analysis the authors present sound principles and useful methods for making investment and risk management decisions in the presence of hedgeable and non-hedgeable risks using the simplest possible principles, methods, and models that still capture the essential features of the real-world problems. They use rigorous, yet elementary mathematics, avoiding technically advanced approaches which have no clear methodological purpose and are practically irrelevant. The material progresses systematically and topics such as the pricing and hedging of derivative contracts, investment and hedging principles from portfolio theory, and risk measurement and multivariate models from risk management are covered appropriately. The theory is combined with numerous real-world examples that illustrate how the principles, methods, and models can be combined to approach concrete problems and to draw useful conclusions. Exercises are included at the end of the chapters to help reinforce the text and provide insight. "