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"Pandemi COVID-19 membawa dampak besar pada pembelajaran anatomi. Pembelajaran anatomi yang secara konvensional dilakukan berbasis kadaver tidak dapat dilakukan atau hanya dapat dilakukan secara terbatas. Aplikasi anatomi tiga dimensi hadir sebagai media pembelajaran anatomi yang dapat memudahkan mahasiswa memahami struktur dan topografi secara akurat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penggunaan aplikasi anatomi 3D dengan peningkatan hasil pembelajaran anatomi (nilai pre-post test) sistem saraf pusat pada mahasiswa FKUI angkatan 2023. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi-eksperimental. Tiga puluh satu subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu menggunakan aplikasi anatomi 3D (n = 14) dan tidak menggunakan aplikasi anatomi 3D (n =17). Kedua kelompok diberikan materi tambahan berupa referensi buku anatomi. Dilakukan pre-test dan post test pada kedua kelompok untuk menilai hasil pembelajaran. Analisis data dilakukan uji Spearman rank correlation menggunakan aplikasi SPSS ver. 24. Ditemukan korelasi nilai r = 0,07 dengan nilai p = 0,7 (p > 0,05) antara hasil pembelajaran dan penggunaan aplikasi anatomi 3D. Terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar yang lebih tinggi pada kelompok yang menggunakan aplikasi anatomi 3D (30,00) dibandingkan dengan yang tidak menggunakan aplikasi anatomi 3D (26,47). Terdapat hubungan yang sangat lemah dengan tendensi tidak signifikan antara penggunaan aplikasi anatomi 3D dengan peningkatan hasil pembelajaran anatomi (nilai pre-post test) sistem saraf pusat pada mahasiswa FKUI angkatan 2023. Kedua kelompok mengalami peningkatan hasil pembelajaran. Diperlukan analisis lebih lanjut pengaruh preferensi metode pembelajaran anatomi, kemampuan spasial, gaya belajar, dan kecepatan belajar mahasiswa terhadap hubungan antara penggunaan aplikasi anatomi 3D dan hasil pembelajaran anatomi.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on anatomy education. Conventional anatomy learning based on cadavers cannot be conducted or can only be done in a limited manner. Three-dimensional anatomy applications are presented as a learning tool that can facilitate students in understanding anatomical structures and topography accurately. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between the use of 3D anatomy applications and the improvement in central nervous system anatomy learning outcomes (pre-post test scores) among 2023 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia. The research design used is quasi-experimental. Thirty-one subjects were divided into two groups: one using 3D anatomy applications (n = 14) and one not using 3D anatomy applications (n = 17). Both groups were provided with additional anatomical reference materials. Pre- tests and post-tests were conducted on both groups to assess learning outcomes. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman rank correlation test with SPSS version 24. A correlation with a value of r = 0.07 and a p-value of 0.7 (p > 0.05) was found between learning outcomes and the use of 3D anatomy applications. There was a higher improvement in learning outcomes in the group that used 3D anatomy applications (30.00) compared to the group that did not use 3D anatomy applications (26.47). There is a very weak and non-significant correlation between the use of 3D anatomy applications and the improvement in central nervous system anatomy learning outcomes (pre-post test scores) among 2023 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia. Both groups experienced an improvement in learning outcomes. Further analysis is needed to understand the influence of students' preference for anatomy learning methods, student’s spatial abilities, learning styles, and learning speed on the relationship between the use of 3D anatomy applications and anatomy learning outcomes."

"This book provides a comprehensive overview of the development of the human central nervous system (CNS) in the context of its many developmental disorders due to genetic, environmental, and hypoxic/​ischemic causes. The introductory chapters give an overview of the development of the human brain and the spinal cord, the mechanisms of development as obtained in experimental studies of various invertebrates and vertebrates, and the causes of congenital malformations. In the main part, the developmental disorders of the human brain and the spinal cord are presented in a regional, more or less segmental way, starting with neurulation and neural tube defects, and ending with developmental disorders of the cerebral cortex. These are underlined by carefully chosen clinical case studies, including imaging data and, when available, postmortem verification of the developmental disorders involved. Numerous color photographs and illustrations complement the text. This second edition emphasizes the prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound, MRI, and DTI and implements new classifications of developmental disorders."

"This book provide a concise lucid depiction of the human nervous system. The book incorporates recent advances in neurobiology and molecular biology. Several chapters have been substantially revised. These include development and growth, blood circulation and imaging, cranial nerves and chemical senses, auditory and vestibular systems, visual system, and cerebral cortex. Topics such as neural regeneration, plasticity and brain imaging are discussed. Each edition of The human nervous system has featured a set of outstanding illustrations."