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"Makalah ini mengulas bagaimana mekanisasi pertanian mempengaruhi Kamboja. Mekanisasi pertanian, lonjakan global mesin pertanian, muncul untuk mencukupi peningkatan permintaan produk pertanian akibat pertumbuhan populasi dan tingkat pendapatan dengan produksi pertanian yang efisien, lebih tinggi, dan produktif. Peningkatan inovasi teknologi yang sejalan dengan sektor pertanian menjadi perhatian penting di pasar pertanian Kamboja, yang mempunyai pengaruh positif dalam mendorong produksi yang lebih tinggi, kecukupan pangan, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kapasitas pemanfaatan mekanisasi pertanian sangat penting untuk menentukan intensitas hasil produksi. Dengan volume ekspor pertanian yang tinggi, Kamboja produktif dalam memanfaatkan inovasi teknologi dalam produksi pertaniannya. Mekanisasi pertanian telah menggantikan input produksi manual, seperti sapi dan petani yang kurang terampil di Kamboja, dengan mesin untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan produktivitas pertanian, yang berkontribusi pada berkurangnya lapangan kerja di sektor pertanian. Untuk melindungi tenaga kerja, menghilangkan inefisiensi pasar dan kerugian akibat mekanisasi pertanian, pemerintah dapat menerapkan kebijakan pengurangan upah minimum dan subsidi yang menjadi solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan berikut.

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This study assess how Agricultural Mechanisation affects Cambodia. Agricultural mechanisation, the global surge of agricultural machinery, arises to suffice the increasing demand of agricultural products due to the growing population and income level with an efficient, higher, and productive agricultural production. Improvement of technological innovation that coincides with the agricultural sector is an important concern in the agricultural market of Cambodia, which has a positive influence to promote higher production, food- sufficiency, and economic growth. Utilisation capacity of agricultural mechanisation is crucial to determine production output intensity. With high agricultural exports volume, Cambodia is productive in utilising technological innovations in their agricultural production. Agricultural mechanisation has been substituting manual production inputs, such as cattle and less skilled farmers in Cambodia, with machineries to increase agricultural efficiency and productivity, which contributes to a lower employment in the agricultural sector. To protect labours, eliminate market inefficiencies and losses due to agricultural mechanisation, the government can enforce the policy of minimum wage reduction and subsidy which serve as the solution to solve the following concerns."

"ABSTRAKMengelola hutan tidak hanya menjadi tanggung jawab pemerintah tetapi juga masyarakat. Kelompok Tani Selaras Alam menjaga kelestarian hutan dengan melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan agroforestri kopi. Namun lokasi kegiatan agroforestri kopi belum diketahui peruntukan lahannya secara legal dan adanya perbedaan tingkat partisipasi dalam kegiatan agroforestri kopi. Tujuan dari riset ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesesuain lahan, evaluasi kegiatan agroforestri, analisa tingkat partisipasi dan menentukan strategi pelestarian hutan. Hasil dari riset ini kegiatan agroforestri di APL, tanaman kopi dan pendamping berkontribusi untuk aspek ekologi akan tetapi belum dalam aspek ekonomi, tingkat partisipasi masyarakat yang tinggi dan didapatkan strategi berkelanjutan untuk pelestarian hutan. kesimpulan dari riset ini kegiatan agroforestri kopi tidak menyalahi aturan pemerintah, adanya manfaat kegiatan agroforestri untuk aspek ekologi namun belum memberikan kontribusi optimal untuk aspek ekonomi, tingkat partisipasi masyarakat tinggi, dan dirumuskan strategi berkelanjutan dalam pelestarian hutan melalui kegiatan agroforestri kopi.

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ABSTRACTManaging forests is not only the responsibility of the government but also the people. Selaras Alam Farmers Group preserves forest conservation by involving community participation through coffee agroforestry. However, the location of coffee agroforestry has not been known for legally allocated land and there is a difference level of participation through coffee agroforestry. The purpose of this research is to know the suitability of the land, the evaluation of agroforestry, the analysis of the participation level and determine the strategy of forest conservation. The results of this research are agroforestry in APL, coffee crops and shade plants contribute to ecological aspects but not yet in economic aspects, high levels of community participation and sustainable strategies for forest conservation. The conclusions of this research are coffee agroforestry in accordance with government regulations, the existence of agroforestry benefits for ecological aspects but not yet provide optimal contribution to economic aspect, high level of community participation, and formulated a sustainable strategy in forest conservation through coffee agroforestry."

"Objek wisata alam yang diteliti meliputi Goa Jatijajar, Goa Petruk, Pantai Petanahan, Pantai Logending, Pantai Karangbolong, dan PAP Krakal. Variabel yang digunakan adalah jumlah pengunjung, atraksi, fasilitas wisata dan aksesibilitas. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan pendekatan keruangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa objek wisata dengan tingkat daya tarik tinggi memiliki kecenderungan site attraction yang beragam dan adanya event attraction. Ditunjang pula dengan ketersediaan faslitas yang lengkap, aksesibilitas berupa kelas jalan propinsi dan ketersediaan angkutan umum yang memadai. Hal ini terlihat pada objek wisata Goa Jatijajar. Sedangkan objek wisata dengan tingkat daya tarik rendah mempunyai kecenderungan site attraction yang tidak beragam dan tidak terdapatnya event attraction. Selain itu, ketersediaan fasilitas yang tidak lengkap. Kelas jalan yang menjangkau lokasi wisata merupakan kelas lokal dengan ketersediaan angkutan umum yang kurang memadai. Seperti ditunjukkan oleh objek wisata Goa Petruk, Pantai Karangbolong, dan PAP Krakal.

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This research purpose is to know the attraction level of natural tourist resorts in Kebumen Regency. Research objects are Jatijajar Cave, Petruk Cave, Petanahan Beach, Logending Beach, Karangbolong Beach, and Krakal Hotspring. The result show that natural tourist resort with high attraction level have some characteristic. They are many site attraction and event attraction, completed with tourist facility and good accessibility. This condition have been showed in Jatijajar Cave. But, natural tourists resort with low attraction have less site attraction and event attraction, uncomplete tourist facility and bad accessibility. They are Petruk Cave, Karangbolong Beach, and Krakal Hotspring."

"This research is intended to describe the efficiency level of rice agriculture in Central Java. Agribusiness approaches enable to explain the agriculture sector more comprehensively, focusing on agriculture with its backward and forward subsystems. This research employs DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to compute efficiency level, and covers fourteen districts with land productivity above the province average level. This research finds that only four districts perform efficiency level 100 percent relative to other districts. The solution for this inefficiency problem can be achieved by employing managerial simulation generated by DEA."

"The research aimed to role out the genetic variability and the classification of Java Salacca based on its morphological and molecular characters and to find out the genetic relationship among salacca cultivars that can be selected as parental material for breeding program. The salacca from Manonjaya (West Java), Banjarnegara, Bejalen, Lawu and Saratan (Central Java), Super Pondoh, Black Pondoh, Gading, Kembangarum, Madu and Manggala (Sleman-Yogyakarta) and Suwaru (East Java) were used in our study. Morphological characters and classification analysis by RAPD method with six random primers (OPA-11, OPA-16, OPA-17, OPA-18, OPX-15, OPX-17) were used as classification variable. The genetic variability among cultivars of Java Salacca was presented by the similarity matrixes and dendogram. Based on the morphological classification, the twelve salacca cultivars was divided at four clusters: 1) Manonjaya, Manggala, Suwaru and Kembangarum, 2) Super Pondoh and Black Pondoh, 3) Banjarnegara, Saratan and Bejalen, 4) gading, Madu and Lawu. Based on the molecular-RAPD method, the twelve salacca cultivars was also divided into four clusters but difference member of cultivars: 1) Super Pondoh, Banjarnegara, Black Pondoh, gading, Kembangarum and Suwaru, 2) Bejalen, Saratan and Lawu, 3) madu and Manggala, and 4) Manonjaya. Based on the two classification system used in the study I found the close relationship of Saratan Salacca and Bejalen Salacca from Central Java origin also Super Pondoh Salacca and Black Pondoh Salacca from Sleman-Yogyakarta origin."