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"Pemerintah Amerika Serikat cendenmg mengkaitkan ancaman eksternal dan perkembangan domestik pembentukan Black Panther Party sebagai ancaman keamanan nasionaL Fokus penelitian ini adalah pada upaya penghancuran dari dalam organisasi Black Panther Party oleh pemerintah Amerika Serikat.Keamanan nasional merupakan tujuan yang ingin dicapai oleh sebuah negara. Strategi dalam keamanan nasional berisi aksi atau reaksi terhadap situasi atau objek yang sifafnya mengancam dan mampu menciptakan kehancuran. Tidak hanya dari musuh-musuh di luar negeri tetapi juga di daJam negeri. Yang terpenting dari keamanan nasionai adalah tercapainya rasa aman.Perang-perang pembebasan nasional dilakukan oleh rnasyarakat tertindas di seluruh penjuru dunia melawan kolonialisme dan imperialisme. Di Amerika Serikat mereka yang tertindas adalah kaum kulit hitarn serta kelompok masyarakat lain yang posisinya inferior terhadap kelompok WASP.Black Panther Party adalah organisasi pergerakan hak asasi masyarakat kulit hitam Amerika yang mengusung cara-cara radikal revolusloner yang identik dengan perjuangan perang-perang pembebasan nasional. Pemerintah Amerika Serikat melihat hal ini sebagai ancaman keamanan nasional. Demi perlindungan keamanan dan sistem nilai, penanganan harus segera diambil untuk menghancurkan organisasi ini.

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The goverment of The United States of America tends to correlate externai threat and domestic movement of the founding of Black Panther Party as a threat to the national security. The focus of this research is on the effort to crush the Black Panther Party from within the organization by the government of United States.

National security is a condition which is aimed by a state. Strategy in national security contains the action or reaction to the object or situation in which a threatening character can create chaos. Not only from enemies beyond the state borders but also inside state borders. The real crux of national security is reaching a feeling of security.

War of national liberation that was done by oppressed society on an over the world was launched against imperialism and colonialism. In the United States, the oppressed party is the black people and also other society groups whose position inferior to the WASP. Black Panther Party is an organization of African-American people which launched revolutionary radical ways identical to the wars of national liberation. The government of the United States saw this matter as a threat to the national security. For the sake of protecting the value system and security, they have to take some drastic measures to break this organization."

"In 19th century, the condition of subordinate women in America triggered them to fight for their equality. This movement has expanded to become an international movement along with the development of transportation and telecommunications in America-Europe. Starting from this, the Women International Non-Governmental Organization (WINGO) was formed as an association of the international women's movement. The International Council of Women (ICW) is the first WINGO in the world formed in 1888, Washington D.C. Throughout its history, ICW has worked for women`s equality in the international scope through League of Nations and the United Nations. One of them was in the making of the first women's international conference, which is International Women`s Year (IWY) Conference 1975 with `Equality, Development and Peace` as the theme of conference. Through a series of historical methods, this research aims to explain the progress of ICW in the terms of fighting for equality through the process of making the IWY agenda that was adopted in 1972 until the IWY Conference in 1975, also the impact of IWY Conference on the interests of ICW and international women's movement. There has been some research on the IWY Conference, but there is no research that has been made specifically discussing about the role of ICW in the conference. The results of this research indicate that ICW has an important role in shaping the equality agenda at the IWY Conference which was apparently supported by the Cold War political interests behind it.

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In 19th century, the condition of subordinate women in America triggered them to fight for their equality. This movement has expanded to become an international movement along with the development of transportation and telecommunications in America-Europe. Starting from this, the Women International Non-Governmental Organization (WINGO) was formed as an association of the international women`s movement. The International Council of Women (ICW) is the first WINGO in the world formed in 1888, Washington D.C. Throughout its history, ICW has worked for women`s equality in the international scope through League of Nations and the United Nations. One of them was in the making of the first women`s international conference, which is International Women`s Year (IWY) Conference 1975 with `Equality, Development and Peace` as the theme of conference. Through a series of historical methods, this research aims to explain the progress of ICW in the terms of fighting for equality through the process of making the IWY agenda that was adopted in 1972 until the IWY Conference in 1975, also the impact of IWY Conference on the interests of ICW and international women`s movement. There has been some research on the IWY Conference, but there is no research that has been made specifically discussing about the role of ICW in the conference. The results of this research indicate that ICW has an important role in shaping the equality agenda at the IWY Conference which was apparently supported by the Cold War political interests behind it."

"The U.S.-Mexico and U.S.-Canada borders are the two busiest land crossings in the world. Canada and the United States are each other's largest trading partners and Mexico is America's second largest trading partner with trade between the two nations more than tripling since the start of NAFTA. The many immediate ripple effects of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon included a dramatic tightening of North American border controls and a hardening of the policy discourse about cross-border flows. This is the first book that explores the implications of September 11th and the new war on terrorism for border controls, cross-border relations, and economic integration in North America. The volume makes a unique contribution to important scholarly and policy discussions over the meaning and management of borders in an increasingly borderless (regional and global) economy, and adds fuel to broader debates over the changing nature of borders and territorial politics in a radically transformed security environment."

"In 1993 the first Clinton administration declared environmental security a national security issue, but by the end of the Bush administrations environmental security had vanished from the government's agenda. This book uses changing US environmental security policy to propose a revised securitisation theory, one that both allows insights into the intentions of key actors and enables moral evaluations in the environmental sector of security. Security and the Environment brings together the subject of environmental security and the Copenhagen School's securitisation theory. Drawing on original interviews with former key players in United States environmental security, Rita Floyd makes a significant and original contribution to environmental security studies and security studies more generally. This book will be of interest to international relations scholars and political practitioners concerned with security, as well as students of international environmental politics and US policy-making."