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"ABSTRACTMost of the countries in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) of the Europea Union (EU) experienced currency overvaluation and high production costs betwwen 2003 adn 2011, which increased their current account deficits. Despite not being an EMU member, Turkey's current account dificit increased in parallel with those of most EMU countries. Although Turkey experienced technological upgrades that changed low- and medium-tech industries into mediun- and high-tech industries, increasing exports relative to those of EU countries, it also expereinced a high trade deficit, the highest unit labor cost growth in export goods, an one of the most overvalued currencies. Its high production coast, overvalued currency, and industrialpolicies in he transport equipment industry following technological change combined with insufficient investment in the promotion of low- and medium-tech industries worssened Turkey's trade deficit in the 2000s. Thereofre, to increase its ability to compete with EU economies and reduce its trade deficit, Turkey must implement new instituonal changes to fix its wage rate growth to the productivity growth of export goods and design new policies in those industries where the trade deficid was stimulated."

"Pasca proses perluasan keanggotaan di akhir dekade 1990-an, diversitas ASEAN telah semakin meningkat baik secara politik maupun ekonomi. Kondisi ini telah memunculkan kondisi two-tiered ASEAN dimana terdapat kesenjangan pembangunan yang besar antara ASEAN-6 dan CLMV. Hal ini menghambat upaya negara-negara anggota ASEAN dalam mencapai Komunitas Ekonomi ASEAN 2015. Berkaitan dengan hal ini, IAI dirancang sebagai sebuah instrumen kerjasama pembangunan regional dalam mempersempit kesenjangan pembangunan di antara negara-negara anggota ASEAN maupun di dalam negara-negara tersebut serta untuk mempercepat integrasi ekonomi negara-negara yang baru bergabung dengan ASEAN (Kamboja, Laos, Myanmar dan Vietnam). Semenjak implementasinya pada tahun 2002 hingga sekarang, masih terdapat kesenjangan pembangunan yang signifikan, khususnya antara ASEAN-6 dan CLMV. Berkaitan dengan hal ini, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menghambat IAI dalam mempersempit kesenjangan pembangunan di ASEAN.

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Following the enlargement process in the late 1990 decade, ASEAN has become increasingly diverse, politically and economically. This condition has generated two-tier ASEAN where the wide development gap exists between ASEAN-6 and CLMV. It obstructs the effort of ASEAN member states in achieving ASEAN Economic Community in 2015. In this regard, IAI is designed as an instrument of regional development cooperation in narrowing development gap among and within ASEAN member states as well as accelerating the economic integration of the newer member states. Notwithstanding, since the implementation in 2002 until now, the development gap, especially between ASEAN-6 and CLMV, remains significant. In this regard, this research aims to explore and examine some factors that inhibit IAI in narrowing the development gap in ASEAN."

"ABSTRAKPenyakit Tuberkulosis paru masih termasuk salah satu prioritas nasional untuk program pengendalian Tuberulosis di Indonesia. Prevalensi penduduk Indonesia yang didiagnosis TB paru oleh tenaga kesehatan tidak berbeda pada tahun 2007 dan tahun 2013 sebesar 0,4%, (Riskesdas, 2013). Sampai saat ini, status ekonomi rendah (kemiskinan) masih diduga sebagai salah satu penyebab meningkatnya beban Tuberkulosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari gambaran kasus TB Paru yang pernah didiagnosis oleh tenaga kesehatan dan pengaruh status ekonomi terhadap kasus TB Paru yang pernah didiagnosis oleh tenaga kesehatan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013. Analisis logistik dilakukan pada sampel 722.329 responden yang menjawab pertanyaan A18 (Apakah pernah didiagnosis Tuberkulosis Paru oleh tenaga kesehatan?). Hasil penelitian multivariabel didapatkan bahwa ada perbedaan proporsi kasus TB Paru sebesar 0,1% lebih tinggi pada status ekonomi rendah dibandingkan status ekonomi tinggi di wilayah perkotaan dengan rasio odds sebesar 1,33. Sedangkan untuk wilayah perdesaan hampir tidak ditemukan beda proporsi status ekonomi rendah dibanding pada status ekonomi tinggi. Dari hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa ada perbedaan pengaruh kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru pada beda status ekonomi dengan beda wilayah. Oleh karena itu, penting dilakukan pendekatan pencegahan Tuberkulosis paru pada status ekonomi rendah di wilayah perkotaan, dimana menurut Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) proyeksi persentase penduduk di daerah perkotaan cenderung akan meningkat dari tahun 2015 (53,3%) sampai 2035 (66,6%).

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ABSTRACTPulmonary tuberculosis disease is still one of the national priorities for Tuberculosis control program in Indonesia. The prevalence of the Indonesian population whom diagnosed with pulmonary TB by health worker is no different in 2007 and in 2013 by 0.4%, (Riskesdas, 2013). Until now, the low economic status (poverty) was thought to be one cause of the increased burden of tuberculosis. This research aims to study the description of pulmonary TB case finding by health personnel and economic status influence on the findings of TB cases by health personnel. This study is a quantitative study using secondary data from the Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013. Logistic analysis performed on samples of 722,329 respondents who answered the question A18 (Has you ever been diagnosed with Tuberculosis by health workers?). Multivariable research results showed that there are differences in the proportion of pulmonary TB case finding by health workers by 0.1% higher in lower economic status than high economic status in urban areas with an odds ratio of 1.33. As for the rural areas hardly found different proportions of low economic status compared to the high economic status. From the analysis it was found that there were differences influence the incidence of Tuberculosis in different economic status with different regions. Therefore, it is important to approach the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis in a low economic status in urban areas, where, according to the Badan Pusat Statistic (BPS) projection of the percentage of population in urban areas is likely to increase from 2015 (53.3%) to 2035 (66.6 %)."