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"Tesis ini membahas ketatnya persaingan dalam pasar bebas yang berdampak pada terjadinya krisis ekonomi Amerika Serikat tahun 2007-2008. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa pemerintah harus menjalankan perannya secara konsisten sebagai wasit dalam kompetisi pasar bebas, masyarakat sebagai pelaku pasar juga diharapkan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang kondisi pasar dan produk yang diperdagangkan, sehingga tidak menjadi korban dari persaingan tidak sehat dalam pasar bebas yang berakibat terjadinya krisis ekonomi.

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This study is mainly focused on the impact ofthe intense competitiveness of the free market, which can be traced on the economic crisis in the United State of America 2007-2008. The method of the research is qualitative based on analytical description. The findings of the research suggest that govemment should play its role as a fair regulator in the free market competition. Whereas society as prime actor in the tice market system is expected to enhance their understanding on the conditions of market and products traded in the market, so that they are not trapped in the tmfair economic competition lead to the economic crisis."

"Indonesia's crisis began in July 1997, following the float of theThai's Bath and the Malaysia's Ringgit. As a consequence, unemploymentsoared into the millions as the crisis spread. The number of poor people rosedramatically around 22 million at early 1997 to about 79 million in themiddle of !998, according to the BPS estimation. In fact the pressure, whichled to the ultimate collapse office indonesia's economic miracle, began in liveearly 19905. Indonesia failed to sustain microeconomic reform after 1993.When Soeharto administration was re-inaugurated in 1993, economic growthwas back to above 6.5 percent, and investment was pouring in. The days of themega-project arrived. Two feature common to most of these mega-projectswere high capital requirements and their domestic market orientation.Inefficiency in the real sector due to high costs generated by the so-called?crony capitalism? also flourished. Despite several positive indications ofeconomic development, a more fundamental reform has not been touchedseriously, i.e. rise human capital improvement in health and education of :hepeople is of prime importance to raise labor productivity and turn will raisetheir earning and welfare."

"ABSTRAKKrisis tahun 1997 merupakan sebuah critical juncture bagi reformasi kerjasamakeuangan di Asia. Krisis ini mendorong ASEAN untuk mengubah arsitekturkerjasama pada sektor keuangan di antara mereka dengan kemudian melibatkanCina, Jepang, dan Korea Selatan untuk bersama mendirikan institusi keuanganregional. Upaya ASEAN+3 ini membuahkan hasil ketika didirikan Chiang MaiInitiatives Multilateralization (CMIM) pada tahun 2009. Melihat fenomenapendirian CMIM tersebut, penulis akan menggunakan pendekatan historicalinstitutionalism untuk menganalisis alur dan dinamika pertemuan-pertemuan yangdilakukan para menteri keuangan ASEAN+3 (AFMM+3) sampai keberhasilanpendirian CMIM. Hasil penelitian akan menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilanpendirian CMIM menjadi sebuah institusi keuangan regional tidak lepas dariterjadinya krisis keuangan tahun 1997 karena krisis tersebut menjadi penentu awalarah diskusi menuju institutionalisasi kerjasama keuangan Asia.

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ABSTRACTAsian financial crisis in 1997 was a critical juncture that marked the beginning fora reformation in financial cooperation among Asian countries. The crisisencouraged ASEAN to change its cooperation architecture to then involve China,Japan, and South Korea. Together, they created an ASEAN+3 group and laterestablished a regional financial institution, Chiang Mai InitiativesMultilateralization (CMIM), in 2009. On that certain phenomenon, this researchwill use historical institutionalism approach to analyze the plots and dynamics ofthe ASEAN+3 Financial Minister Meetings (AFMM+3) until finally CMIM isestablished. The research will conclude that the success of the establishment ofCMIM is closely related to the Asian financial crisis in 1997. The reason isbecause of that crisis, AFMM+3 was able to focus in overcoming their commonconcern of the institutionalization of Asian financial cooperation."

"Artikel ini membahas mengenai upaya NV General Motors Java dalam menghadapi krisis ekonomi, 1929-1933. Malaise adalah sebuah peristiwa menurunnya tingkat ekonomi yang terjadi secara besar di seluruh dunia yang terjadi pada tahun 1929 dan berlangsung selama 1929-1933 berawal di Amerika Serikat. Krisis ini melanda di hampir seluruh negara termasuk Hindia Belanda. Melandanya malaise di Hindia Belanda berdampak pada perusahaan-perusahaan di berbagai sektor, termasuk di sektor otomotif. Penelitian terhadap General Motors dalam krisis malaise di Amerika Serikat sudah banyak dibahas dalam berbagai artikel, sementara penelitian ini memiliki sudut pandang baru tentang General Motors di Hindia Belanda. General Motors merupakan sebuah perusahaan otomotif yang berdiri di Amerika Serikat pada 1892 oleh R.E Olds. General Motor masuk ke Hindia Belanda ketika masa kepemimpinan Alfred P. Sloan pada 1927 dengan nama NV General Motors Java. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sudut pandang lain dari sejarah otomotif Indonesia yang membahas dampak pada krisis ekonomi, sementara sejarah otomotif Indonesia lainnya hanya membahas tentang produk-produknya saja. Temuan penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa pabrik General Motors di Tanjung Priuk merupakan pabrik otomotif pertama berskala besar di Hindia Belanda, dan mengawali sejarah pabrik perakitan otomotif di Hindia Belanda dan Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari 4 tahapan berupa heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Sumber yang digunakan merupakan buku general motors dan buku perekonomian Hindia Belanda 1929-1933, artikel jurnal, dan surat kabar sejaman.

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This article explained the NV General Motors Java Company efforts in facing the economic crisis in 1929-1933. Malaise was a moment of economic level decreasing that happened massively in the whole world in 1929 and lasted from 1929-1933 that originated from the United States. This crisis hit almost entire part of the world, including Dutch East Indies. In the Dutch East Indies, this crisis was affected to companies in many sectors including automotive. Research on General Motors in the malaise crisis in the United States has been widely discussed in various articles, while this research has a new perspective on General Motors in the Dutch East Indies. General Motors is the automotive company established in the United States of America in 1892 by R.E Olds. General motor came to Dutch East Indies when Alfred P. Sloan led in 1927 by the name of NV General Motors Java. This research aims to see another point of view of Indonesian automotive history which discusses the impact on the economic crisis, while other Indonesian automotive histories only discuss about its products. The research findings show that the General Motors factory in Tanjung Priuk was the first large-scale automotive factory in the Dutch East Indies, and this factory started the history of automotive assembly plants in the Dutch East Indies and Indonesia. This research using method that divided into 4 stages; heuristic, source critic, interpretation and historiography. The sources that used in this article was books of General Motors and Dutch East Indies books, journal article, also contemporary newspaper."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas tentang korelasi antara twin deficits, yang terdiri dari defisit neraca berjalan dan defisit anggaran pemerintah, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di 49 negara berkembang dan negara maju yang menggunakan analisis cross-sectional untuk periode sebelum dan sesudah krisis finansial Asia dan sebelum dan sesudah krisis finansial global. Terdapat perubahan dalam hasil analisis pada periode sebelum dan sesudah krisis finansial Asia. Defisit anggaran pemerintah memiliki korelasi negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, sementara defisit neraca berjalan tidak memiliki korelasi yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pada periode krisis finansial global, defisit neraca berjalan memiliki korelasi positif dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan tidak terdapat korelasi antara defisit anggaran pemerintah dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi.

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ABSTRACT This paper investigates the correlation between the twin deficits, namely current account and government budget deficits, and economic growth in 49 developing and developed countries using cross sectional analysis for the period before and after Asian financial crisis and before and after global financial crisis. There is a change in the results on before and after the Asian financial crisis. Government budget deficit is associated negatively with economic growth, while current account deficit does not significantly correlate with economic growth. For the global financial crisis period, the current account deficit correlates positively with economic growth, while government budget deficit does not correlate with economic growth."

"In the fast developing economies of Asia migration has come toplay an important role. However. It has also remained opposed by publicopinion and workers organizations, who consider migrants detrimental tothe employment opportunities and working conditions of local workers.The crisis, which sent some Asian economies into recession and causedwidespread social costs, had a specific impact on migration. A largenumber of migrants were repatriated, others had la endure wage curs andworsening of labor conditions. This paper argues that because of thestructural role that migration has acquired in Asian economies, it should bepart of the workers organization concerns and of a regional dialogue bymigrants to ensure that it is orderly and protected."