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"Perkembangan seni lukis avant-garde di Rusia merupakan peristiwa penting dalam sejarah seni rupa modern. Di bawah semangat kebaharuan, avant-garde merupakan gagasan radikal yang berusaha mendobrak aliran seni rupa tradisional sebelumnya. Radikalisasi ini tidak terlepas dari faktor eksternal seperti keadaan ekonomi-politik, perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, dan transformasi sosial di zamannya. Di bawah era industrialisasi dan revolusi, avant-garde Rusia berkembang dan menemukan dinamikanya sendiri.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan dan dinamika avant-garde sehubungan dengan konteks sosial di zamannya. Dari penelitian dapat dibuktikan bahwa kondisi sosial dan kondisi ekonomi-politik di suatu ruang dan waktu berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perkembangan medan seni rupa (lukis).

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The development of avant-garde panting in Russia is a significant moment in the history of visual art. At the sake of modernization, avant-garde is radical notion that tries to break the previous traditional art. This radicalization can not be separated from economic-politics, the development of science, and social transformation of its time. Under the industrialization and revolution, Russian avant-garde developed and found its own dynamics.

This research aims to analyze the development and dynamic of Russian avant-garde, regarding its social context at its time. From this research, it is proved that social, economic-politics in particular space and time, could influence the visual art (painting) significantly."

"The thesis focuses on the control of blood glucose devices and design of implantable devices, and offers valuable insights on diabetes mellitus and related physiology and treatments. Diabetes mellitus is a widespread chronic disease in the modern world that affects millions of people around the globe. In Singapore, one in ten of the population has diabetes, and the severity of the problem has prompted the country’s prime minister to talk about the disease at the National Day Rally in 2017. Designing an artificial pancreas that can provide effective blood glucose control for individuals with diabetes is one of the most challenging engineering problems. The author reports on research into the development of an implantable artificial pancreas that can regulate blood glucose levels by delivering appropriate dosages of insulin when necessary. By sensing blood glucose and injecting insulin directly into the vein, the implantable device aims to remove delays that occur with subcutaneous blood glucose sensing and insulin delivery. Preliminary in-vitro and in-vivo experimental results suggest that the implantable device for blood glucose control could be a clinically viable alternative to pancreas transplant."