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"Medicinal chemistry of bioactive natural products provides a much-needed survey of bioactive natural products and their applications in medicinal chemistry. This comprehensive reference features articles by some of the world's leading scientists in the field on discovery, structure elucidation, and elegant synthetic strategies--developed for natural products, with an emphasis on the structure activity relationship of bioactive natural products. The topics have been carefully chosen on the basis of relevance to current research and to importance as clinicially useful agents.Enhanced by examples with updated research results, the discussion covers such topics as :* The chemistry and biology of epothilones* Vancomycin and other glycopeptide antibiotic derivates* Antitumor and other related activities of Taxol and its analogs* The antimalarial properties of the traditional Chinese medicine, Quinghaosu (artemisinin)* Huperzine A: A natural drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease* The medicinal chemistry of ginkgolides from Ginkgo biloba* Recent progress in Calophyllum coumarins as potent anti-HIV agents* Plant-derived anti-HIV agents and analogs* Chemical synthesis of annonaceous acetogenins and their structurally modified mimics"

"L'ouvrage présente les données générales sur la pharmacologie de l’activité anti–infectieuse (et surtout l’activité anti-bactérienne) puis sur les principales pathologies infectieuses susceptbles d’être traitées par les des médications phytothérapiques (plantes sous forme de gélules, spécialités phytothérapiques à bases d’extrait(s) de plantes, huiles essentielles issues de plantes aromatiques). Enfin il traite des principales plantes utilisées en thérapeutique anti-infectieuse."

"This book presents an comprehensive reviews on the antimicrobial and antiviral properties of numerous recently reported phytochemicals, and their mechanisms of antimicrobial actions. Some of the chapters have critically discussed the beneficial and adverse effects of antibacterial, and stimulatory activities of dietary phytochemicals on rumen microbial populations, and gut microbial populations of humans and animals. Microbial adaptation and resistance of microbes to phytochemicals has also been highlighted. On the applied apects, the use of phytochemicals against drug resistance microbes, to treat microbial diseases, for food preservation, to inhibit methanogenic archaea in the rumen, and to modulate lipid biohydrogenating microbial populations to increase conjugated linoleic acids in animal-derived foods have been presented in different chapters."

"Tumbuhan Saurauia vulcani telah dimanfaatkan masyarakat di kawasan danau Toba, Sumatera Utara sebagai obat tradisional antidiabet dan penyakit pencernaan lainnya. Sementara itu, studi tentang senyawa aktif sebagai antikanker kolorektal belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan isolasi senyawa aktif Saurauia vulcani, melakukan pengujian antikanker kolorektal pada sel WiDr dan HCT 116 dan penentuan struktur senyawa bioaktif. Bahan baku penelitian ini adalah daun Saurauia vulcani yang diperoleh dari Sipiso-piso, Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi bertingkat menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi uji fitokimia, toksisitas, total fenol dan uji antikanker (sitotoksik) dengan metode Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) pada sel kanker kolorektal WiDr dan HCT 116. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen fraksi n-heksana adalah 7,04 %, fraksi etil asetat 12,92% dan fraksi metanol 17,95%. Hasil penapisan fitokimia mengungkapkan adanya beberapa senyawa kimia tanin, saponin, flavonoid, dan terpenoid. Hasil uji toksisitas (LC50) pada fraksi n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol berturut-turut adalah 365,19 ppm, 715,28 ppm dan 225,77 ppm. Semua kelompok fraksi yang diuji tergolong toksik karena kurang dari 1000 ppm. Kandungan total fenolik Saurauia vulcani adalah 7,16 mg GAE/g, 13,70 mg GAE/g dan 16,56 mg GAE/g untuk masing-masing fraksi n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Nilai total phenolic content (TPC) tertinggi adalah pada fraksi metanol. Aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak dengan sel kanker WiDr menghasilkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat menunjukkan aktivitas sitotoksik yang kuat (97,41 µg/mL) terhadap sel kanker tersebut; sedangkan ekstrak metanol (191,92 µg/mL) dan ekstrak n-heksana (456,19 µg/mL) memberikan aktivitas sitotoksik sedang sampai agak lemah. Hal yang sama pada uji sitotoksik dengan sel HCT 116 menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol (529,39 µg/mL), ekstrak etil asetat (568,53 µg/mL), dan n-heksana (777,35 µg/mL) tidak memberikan aktivitas sitotoksik. Hasil pemisahan dan pemurnian senyawa kimia dengan kromatografi berdasarkan metode bioassay guided isolation diperoleh 4 senyawa murni. Hasil elusidasi struktur kimia menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, spektroskopi massa, FTIR, H-NMR, C-NMR, DEPT, HMQC, COSY, HMBC, dan MS adalah senyawa avicularin, kuersitrin, hiperosida, dan rutin. Keempat senyawa ini, yang memiliki aktivitas antikanker dan yang terbaik adalah senyawa avicularin. Keempat senyawa ini baru pertama kali diisolasi dari tumbuhan Saurauia vulcani. Hasil pengujian dengan sel kanker WiDr menunjukkan bahwa avicularin (173,44 µg/mL) memiliki aktivitas yang paling kuat diikuti oleh hiperosida (379,57 µg/mL), rutin (521,14 µg/mL) dan kuersitrin (575,14 µg/mL).

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Saurauia vulcani plant has been used traditionally by people in the Lake Toba area, North Sumatra as a traditional anti-diabetic medicine and other digestive diseases. Meanwhile, studies on active compounds such as colorectal anticancer have never been carried out. This study aims to isolate the active compound of Saurauia vulcani and perform colorectal anticancer testing on WiDr and HCT 116 cells and determination of the structure of the bioactive compound. The raw materials for this research were Saurauia vulcani leaves obtained from Sipiso-piso, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. Extraction was carried out by multilevel maceration method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as solvents. Testing performed included phytochemical, toxicity, total phenolic content and anticancer (cytotoxic) tests using the MTT method on WiDr and HCT 116 colorectal cancer cells. The results showed that the yield of the n-hexane fraction was 7.04%, the ethyl acetate fraction was 12.92 %, and the 17.95% methanol fraction. The result of the phytochemicals screening revealed the presence of several chemical compounds including tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The results of the toxicity test (LC50) on the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions were 365.19 ppm, 715.28, and 225.77 ppm respectively. All fraction groups tested were classified as toxic because it was less than 1000 ppm. The total phenolic content of Saurauia vulcani was 7.16 mg GAE/g, 13.70 mg GAE/g, and 16.56 mg GAE/g for the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions, respectively. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) value was in the methanol fraction. The cytotoxic activity of the extract with WiDr cancer cells resulted in the ethyl acetate fraction showing strong cytotoxic activity (97.41 µg/mL) against these cancer cells; while methanol extract (191.92 µg/mL) and n-hexane extract (456.19 µg/mL) gave moderate to weak cytotoxic activity. The same thing happened in the cytotoxic test with HCT 116 cells showing that methanol extract (529.39 µg/mL), ethyl acetate extract (568.53 µg/mL), and n-hexane (777.35 µg/mL) did not show cytotoxic activity. The results of the separation and purification of chemical compounds by chromatography based on the bioassay-guided isolation method yielded 4 pure compounds. The results of chemical structure elucidation using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, mass spectroscopy, FTIR, H-NMR, C-NMR, DEPT, HMQC, COSY, HMBC, and MS were avicularin, quercitrin, hyperoside, and rutin. These four compounds have anticancer activity and the best one is avicularin compound. These four compounds were isolated for the first time from the Saurauia vulcani plant. Testing results with WiDr cancer cells showed that avicularin (173.44 µg/mL) had the strongest activity followed by hyperoside (379.57 µg/mL), rutin (521.14 µg/mL), and quercitrin (575.14 µg /mL)."

"Phytochemicals signal transduction and neurological disorders presents readers with cutting edge and comprehensive information not only on bioavailability, and mechanism of action of phytochemicals in the brain, but also provides the molecular mechanism associated with beneficial effects of phytochemicals in neurotraumatic (stroke, spinal cord trauma, and traumatic brain injury) and neurodegenerative (Alzheimers disease, parkinson disease, huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) diseases."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Kanker paru merupakan kanker dengan insidensi tertinggi di dunia. Tatalaksana kanker paru sampai sekarang masih menjadi tantangan. Senyawa alami antikanker mulai dikembangkan, salah satunya kedelai hitam. Kedelai hitam Glycine soja memiliki zat bioaktif yang berpotensi sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder dan tingkat toksisitas ekstrak etanol kedelai hitam terhadap sel kanker paru A549. Metode: Identifikasi kandungan ekstrak etanol kedelai hitam dilakukan dengan uji kromatografi lapis tipis KLT dan uji fitokimia. Uji sitotoksisitas dilakukan dengan MTT-assay secara in vitro. Variasi konsentrasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 6,25, 12,5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, dan 800 ug/ml. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Hasil uji KLT menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 6 senyawa pada ekstrak etanol kedelai hitam. Hasil uji fitokimia membuktikan bahwa kedelai hitam mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin, triterpenoid, dan glikosida yang memiliki potensi sebagai antikanker. Ekstrak etanol kedelai hitam menunjukkan aktivitas sitotoksik yang moderat pada sel kanker paru A549 IC50= 114,51 ug/ml , sedikit dibawah cisplatin IC50= 85,45 ug/ml sebagai kontrol positif. Konsentrasi ekstrak tertinggi 800 ug/ml memberikan persentase inhibisi tertinggi 83,8 dan nilai optical density yang berbeda bermakna dengan konsentrasi lainnya

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ABSTRACTIntroduction Lung cancer incidence is the highest incidence of cancer in the world. Management of lung cancer is still a challenge today. The natural anticancer compounds are being developed, one of which is black soybeans. Black soybean Glycine soja has bioactive compounds that has potential as anticancer. Objective of this research is to determine the secondary metabolite content and toxicity level of black soybean ethanol extract to A549 lung cancer cell. Method Identification of the content of black soybean ethanol extract was performed by thin layer chromatography TLC and phytochemical test. The cytotoxicity test performed was in vitro MTT assay. The concentration variations used in this study were 6,25, 12,5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 ug ml. Results and Discussion The TLC results show that there were 6 compounds in black soybean ethanol extract. Phytochemical test results prove that Glycine soja contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, and glycosides that have potential as anticancer. Black soybean ethanol extract show moderate cytotoxic activity in A549 cells IC50 114,51 ug ml , slightly below cisplatin IC50 85,45 ug ml as a positive control. The highest extract concentration 800 ug ml give highest percentage inhibition 83,8 and significantly different optical density with other concentrations p"