Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Stress, high blood pressure, smoking, pollution, fast foods, overweight, excessive travelling, surgery, less movement are common features in our modern life. These features are risky for blood clotting disorders. According to WHO, over 29% of the total mortalities worldwide are due to thrombosis. By the year, 2020 cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) may cause an estimated 25 million deaths per year, thus antithrombotic therapy is of great interest.The available thrombolytic agents such as urokinase are highly expensive, antigenic, quite unspecific, pyretogenic and hemorrhagenic. Therefore, the production of fibrinolysing enzymes, which rapidly dissolute thrombi within the vascular tree, without the detriments by microorganisms, as described in this book, is the desirable aim of today’s research."

"Etinil estradiol dan levonorgestrel merupakan salah satu kombinasi kontrasepsi oral gabungan dosis rendah yang banyak digunakan di masyarakat. Namun, obat ini memiliki konsentrasi yang rendah dalam plasma, sehingga dibutuhkan metode analisis yang tepat dan sensitif. Saat ingin mendapatkan plasma dari darah dibutuhkan adanya penambahan antikoagulan. Ketika melakukan studi in vitro untuk pengembangan metode dan validasi metode analisis, antikoagulan yang digunakan yaitu sitrat. Namun, antikoagulan yang umum digunakan untuk studi in vivo adalah EDTA dan heparin, sehingga perlu dilakukan validasi parsial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh jenis antikoagulan terhadap analisis etinil estradiol dan levonorgestrel dalam plasma menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja ultra tinggi tandem spektrometer massa. Kondisi analisis optimal diperoleh menggunakan kolom BEH C18 1,7 m; 50 x 2,1 mm fase gerak 0,1 asam formiat dalam air - asetonitril; metode elusi gradien; laju alir 0,3 mL/menit; suhu kolom 40 C volume penyuntikkan 10,0 L waktu analisis 5 menit dan prednison sebagai baku dalam. Aliquot diperoleh dengan kombinasi metode preparasi pengendapan protein dan ekstraksi cair-cair. Metode yang diperoleh mendapatkan hasil yang linear pada rentang konsentrasi 5-500 pg/mL untuk etinil estradiol dan 100-10.000 pg/ml untuk levonorgestrel. Hasil menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan untuk parameter stabilitas dan recovery p > 0,05; ANOVA, namun peak area ratio menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan p < 0,05 Kruskal Wallis untuk sitrat, heparin, dan EDTA. Secara keseluruhan, analisis dengan plasma sitrat dan heparin memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dari plasma EDTA.

---

Ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel is one of low dose oral contraception combinations that commonly used. However, this medication is known to have low concentration in plasma therefore an appropriate and sensitive analysis to identify it, should be taken into account. In order to obtain plasma from blood, an addition of anticoagulant is needed. A research about in vitro study for method development and validation method analysis used citrate as anticoagulant. But, anticoagulants that regularly used for in vivo study are EDTA and heparin, therefore partial validation is needed.

This research objective is to evaluate the different types of anticoagulant to ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel in plasma by using ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Optimal analysis condition is obtained with column BEH C18 1,7 m 50 x 2,1 mm mobile phase consisting 0.1 formic acid in water ndash acetonitrile gradient elution method flow rate of 0.3 mL minute column temperature of 40 C injection volume of 10,0 L 5 minutes analysis time and prednisone as internal standard. Aliquot is resulted by combining preparation method of protein precipitation and liquid liqud extraction. There was a linear result with the range of 5 500 pg mL concentration of ethinyl estradiol and 100 10.000 pg ml concentration of levonorgestrel.

There was no significant difference for stability and recovery of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel in citrate, heparin, and EDTA plasma p 0.05 ANOVA, but it showed significant difference for peak area ratio p 0.05 Kruskal Wallis, between citrate, EDTA, and heparin plasma. In general, citrate and heparin plasma analysis had better result than EDTA plasma analysis."

"ABSTRAKSecara in vitro tanaman kencur, temulawak, dan asam jawa terbukti mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antitrombotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis khasiat dan tingkat efektivitas antitrombosis dari ketiga ekstrak secara in vivo. Dua kelompok uji yaitu waktu perdarahan dan angka harapan hidup terdiri dari kontrol normal CMC , positif Aspirin , ekstrak kencur dosis 1 sampai 3, ekstrak temulawak dosis 1 sampai 3, ekstrak asam jawa dosis 1 sampai 3, dan kontrol negatif CMC, khusus uji angka harapan hidup . Tiap uji diberi perlakuan oral selama 7 hari. Pada uji waktu perdarahan, dilakukan pengamatan waktu perdarahan setelah ekor mencit dipotong. Sementara uji angka harapan hidup, dilakukan induksi kolagen-epinefirn secara intravena dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan angka harapan hidup. Hasil statistik menunjukkan adanya peningkatan waktu perdarahan secara signifikan p < 0,05 pada tiap ekstrak terhadap kontrol normal. Peningkatan angka harapan hidup juga terjadi pada tiap ekstrak dosis 1 sampai 3 terhadap kontrol negatif. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kencur, temulawak, dan asam jawa berpotensi sebagai antitrombotik dengan khasiat paling besar terdapat pada dosis 28 mg/20 gram BB untuk ekstrak kencur dan ekstrak temulawak, serta dosis 56 mg/20 gram BB untuk ekstrak asam jawa.

---

ABSTRACTKencur, temulawak, and tamarind have proven by in vitro to have antithrombotic activity. This study aims to analyze the efficacy and effectivity of antithrombosis of the three extracts by in vivo. Two groups of test, bleeding time and survival rate consisted of normal control CMC , positive Aspirin , kencur extract dose 1 to 3, temulawak extract dose 1 to 3, tamarind extract dose 1 to 3, and negative control CMC, especially survival rate test . Each test was given oral treatment for 7 days. Bleeding time was observated after tail of mice cut. While survival rate test, intravenous collagen epinefirn induction was performed followed by survival rate calculation. Statistical results showed an increase in bleeding time significantly p 0.05 in each extract to normal control. An increase in survival rate also occurs in each 1 to 3 dose extract on negative control. Based on these results, it was concluded that kencur, temulawak, and tamarind extract potency as antithrombotic with the greatest efficacy found at dose 28 mg 20 gram BB for kencur and temulawak extract, and dose 56 mg 20 gram BB for tamarind extract."

"ABSTRAKSecara in vitro tanaman kencur, temulawak, dan asam jawa terbukti mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antitrombotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis khasiat dan tingkat efektivitas antitrombosis dari ketiga ekstrak secara in vivo. Dua kelompok uji yaitu waktu perdarahan dan angka harapan hidup terdiri dari kontrol normal CMC , positif Aspirin , ekstrak kencur dosis 1 sampai 3, ekstrak temulawak dosis 1 sampai 3, ekstrak asam jawa dosis 1 sampai 3, dan kontrol negatif CMC, khusus uji angka harapan hidup . Tiap uji diberi perlakuan oral selama 7 hari. Pada uji waktu perdarahan, dilakukan pengamatan waktu perdarahan setelah ekor mencit dipotong. Sementara uji angka harapan hidup, dilakukan induksi kolagen-epinefirn secara intravena dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan angka harapan hidup. Hasil statistik menunjukkan adanya peningkatan waktu perdarahan secara signifikan p < 0,05 pada tiap ekstrak terhadap kontrol normal. Peningkatan angka harapan hidup juga terjadi pada tiap ekstrak dosis 1 sampai 3 terhadap kontrol negatif. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kencur, temulawak, dan asam jawa berpotensi sebagai antitrombotik dengan khasiat paling besar terdapat pada dosis 28 mg/20 gram BB untuk ekstrak kencur dan ekstrak temulawak, serta dosis 56 mg/20 gram BB untuk ekstrak asam jawa.

---

ABSTRACTKencur, temulawak, and tamarind have proven by in vitro to have antithrombotic activity. This study aims to analyze the efficacy and effectivity of antithrombosis of the three extracts by in vivo. Two groups of test, bleeding time and survival rate consisted of normal control CMC , positive Aspirin , kencur extract dose 1 to 3, temulawak extract dose 1 to 3, tamarind extract dose 1 to 3, and negative control CMC, especially survival rate test . Each test was given oral treatment for 7 days. Bleeding time was observated after tail of mice cut. While survival rate test, intravenous collagen epinefirn induction was performed followed by survival rate calculation. Statistical results showed an increase in bleeding time significantly p 0.05 in each extract to normal control. An increase in survival rate also occurs in each 1 to 3 dose extract on negative control. Based on these results, it was concluded that kencur, temulawak, and tamarind extract potency as antithrombotic with the greatest efficacy found at dose 28 mg 20 gram BB for kencur and temulawak extract, and dose 56 mg 20 gram BB for tamarind extract."

"ABSTRAKPenyakit kardiovaskular merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu di dunia dan dapat terjadi karena beberapa faktor risiko, salah satunya adalah trombosis. Kacang koro Mucuna pruriens L. , daun ketumbar Coriandrum sativum L dan biji klabet Trigonella foenum-graceum diketahui memiliki aktivitas antitrombotik pada penelitian in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara in vivo efek antitrombotik pada ketiga tanaman ditinjau dari waktu perdarahan dan angka harapan hidup. Hewan percobaan dibagi ke dalam dua percobaan bleeding time dan survival rate . Kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol normal CMC , kontrol positif Aspirin , kontrol negatif CMC , dan kelompok ketiga ekstrak tanaman dengan masing-masing terbagi menjadi dosis 1, dosis 2, dan dosis 3. Perlakuan diberikan selama 7 hari secara oral. Pada percobaan bleeding time, dilakukan pemotongan ekor dan pengamatan waktu perdarahan pada hari ke-7. Pada percobaan perhitungan angka harapan hidup, mencit diberikan induksi trombosis berupa larutan kolagen-epinefrin secara intravena dan dilakukan perhitungan angka harapan hidup. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan waktu perdarahan yang signifikan pada seluruh kelompok ekstrak terhadap kelompok normal.

---

ABSTRACTCardiovascular disease is number one cause of death in the world. Cardiovascular disease have some risk factor, one of them is thrombosis. In vitro studies have proven that Mucuna pruriens L., Coriandrum sativum L., and Trigonella foenum graceum have antithrombotic activity. This study aimed to prove efficacy of these plants by doing in vivo antithrombotic activity test with bleeding time and survival rate as the parameters. Experimental animals were divided into two experimental groups bleeding time and survival rate . The treatment groups consisted of normal CMC , negative CMC , positive Aspirin control, and extract groups divided into dose 1, 2, and 3. All substances were administered orally for 7 days. For the experimental groups of bleeding time, bleeding time was observed on mice tail that had been cut. For the experimental groups of survival rate, thrombosis induction was done by injecting collagen ndash epinephrine solution by intravenous route, then calculation of survival rate was performed. 7 days treatment of plant extracts significantly increased bleeding time of treated group compared to normal group p 0,05 . The result of survival rate shown increasing amount of survived animals in treated group compared to negative group. In conclusion, velvet bean, coriander leaf, and fenugreek seed has antthrombotic activity."

"Piper retrofractum, Imperata cylindrica, dan Moringa oleifera telah diuji secara in vitro dapat mengurangi agregasi platelet yang berperan penting dalam patogenesis trombosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek ekstrak Piper retrofractum, Imperata cylindrica, dan Moringa oleifera sebagai antitrombotik secara in vivo. Mencit jantan dibagi menjadi kontrol normal CMC , negatif CMC , positif aspirin , dan dosis 1, 2, 3 pada masing-masing ekstrak. Perlakuan awal yaitu pemberian masing-masing suspensi berdasarkan pengelompokan, yang dilakukan selama 7 hari. Kemudian, pengamatan dilakukan menggunakan parameter waktu perdarahan ekor mencit yang diamputasi dan data diolah secara statistik p le; 0.05 , serta parameter perhitungan angka harapan hidup setelah induksi trombosis oleh penyuntikan intravena kolagen-epinefrin. Hasilnya yaitu dosis 3 ekstrak Piper retrofractum 11,76 mg/20 g , ekstrak Imperata cylindrica 11,2 mg/20 g , dan ekstrak Moringa oleifera 11,2 mg/20 g memperpanjang rata-rata waktu perdarahan menjadi 17.70 2.10; 19.54 0.65; 17.11 3.07 dan meningkatkan persentase angka harapan hidup 80 ; 60 ; 60. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak Piper retrofractum, Imperata cylindrica, dan Moringa oleifera memiliki potensi sebagai antitrombotik.

---

Piper retrofractum, Imperata cylindrica and Moringa oleifera had been studied in vitro for their activity to reduce platelet aggregation which have important role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Piper retrofractum, Imperata cylindrica and Moringa oleifera extracts as antitrombotic in vivo. Male mice were divided into normal CMC , negative CMC , positive Aspirin , 1st, 2nd and 3rd for each extract. Pretreatments were given orally for 7 days and the experiment used two parameters, including bleeding time was observed on amputated mice tail and then analyzed statistically p le 0.05 , and survival rate was observed on calculation of dead paralyzed mice after trombosis induction by injecting collagen ndash epinephrine intravenously. The results are the 3rd dose extracts of Piper retrofractum 11,76 mg 20 g , Imperata cylindrica 11.2 mg 20 g , and Moringa oleifera 11.2 mg 20 g can prolonged the bleeding time to 17.70 2.10 19.54 0.65 17.11 3.07, then increased the survival rate to 80 60 60 . The extracts of Piper retrofractum, Imperata cylindrical and Moringa oleifera has a potential activity as antithrombotic."

"Penelitian secara in vitro telah membuktikan jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) dan kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) memiliki aktivitas antitrombotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji khasiat kombinasi kedua tanaman tersebut secara in vivo dengan parameter waktu perdarahan (bleeding time) dan angka harapan hidup (survival rate). Enam puluh enam (66) ekor mencit dibagi ke dalam dua percobaan (bleeding time dan survival rate). Kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol normal (CMC), kontrol negatif (CMC), kontrol positif (Aspirin), kelompok kombinasi ekstrak dosis 1, 2, dan 3. Bahan tersebut diberikan secara oral selama 7 hari. Pada kelompok percobaan bleeding time, dilakukan pengamatan bleeding time pada ekor mencit yang telah dipotong. Untuk kelompok percobaan survival rate, dilakukan induksi trombosis menggunakan kolagen - epinefrin secara intravena, lalu dilakukan perhitungan survival rate. Hasil pada kelompok dosis 2 yang diberi ekstrak jahe - secang dengan dosis 56 mg : 14 mg/20 g BB menunjukkan peningkatan bleeding time yang bermakna (p ≤ 0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol normal. Kelompok dosis 2 juga memiliki survival rate lebih tinggi dari kontrol negatif. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak jahe - secang pada dosis 56 mg : 14 mg/20 g BB berpotensi sebagai antitrombotik karena mampu meningkatkan bleeding time dan survival rate.

---

In vitro studies have proven that ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) And sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) have antithrombotic activity. This study aimed to prove efficacy of the combination of both these plants by doing in vivo antithrombotic activity test with bleeding time and survival rate as the parameters. Sixty-six (66) mice were divided into two experimental groups (bleeding time and survival rate). The treatment groups consisted of normal control (CMC), negative control (CMC), positive control (Aspirin), extract groups divided into dose 1, 2, and 3. All substances were administered orally for 7 days. For the experimental groups of bleeding time, bleeding time was observed on mice tail that had been cut. For the experimental groups of survival rate, trombosis induction was done by injecting collagen - epinephrine intravenously, then calculation of survival rate was performed. Results showed that bleeding time of mice in dose 2 group that was given ginger - sappan extract at dose 56 mg : 14 mg/20 g BW increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) compared with the normal control. Dose 2 group also has survival rate which is higher than the negative control. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the combination of ginger - sappan extract at dose 56 mg : 14 mg/20 g has a potential as antithrombotic drugs because it can increase bleeding time and survival rate."

"Objective: Garcinia xanthochymus extract has been reported to have several pharmacological properties. This studywas conducted to evaluate cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of G. xanthochymus extracts on cell lines.Methods: The roots and stem barks of plant were extracted using maceration method with n-hexane, dichloromethaneand methanol, successively. Cytotoxic activity of the extracts was tested against MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma usingMTT assay. Anti-inflammatory study was evaluated using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. The nitric oxideproduction in LPS-stimulated cells was measured using Griess reagent. Results: The results of cytotoxic and antiinflammatorystudy showed that dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of root and stem bark exhibited cytotoxicactivity in dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, for anti-inflammatory study, all root extracts together with stem barkdichloromethane and n-hexane extracts reduce NO production in LPS-stimulated cells in dose dependent manner.Conclusions: This finding indicated that G. xanthochymus extracts might become interesting candidate for treatment ofcancer and inflammation."

"Metformin HCl merupakan golongan biguanid yang dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah dan digunakan untuk kondisi serius, sehingga termasuk obat yang memerlukan respon pasti dan wajib uji bioekivalensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh metode tervalidasi serta mengevaluasi pengaruh perbedaan jenis antikoagulan pada analisis metformin HCl dalam plasma. Kondisi kromatografi optimum menggunakan detektor photodiode array yang dideteksi pada panjang gelombang 234 nm; kolom C18 SunfireTM 5 m, 250 x 4,6 mm ; suhu 40°C; fase gerak SDS 10 mM dan dapar fosfat 10 mM dalam air - asetonitril 60:40 v/v ; pH 7,0; dan laju alir 1,0 mL/menit dengan kalsiu atorvastatin sebagai baku dalam. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode pengendapan protein menggunakan plasma 300 l dan asetonitril 600 l 1:2 v/v. Metode yang diperoleh linear pada rentang konsentrasi 20,0 - 5000,0 ng/mL dengan r > 0,9998. Data stabilitas dan perolehan kembali metformin HCl dalam plasma dengan antikoagulan berbeda tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan p > 0,05; ANOVA , namun untuk rasio respon luas puncak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan p < 0,05 yaitu antikoagulan sitrat dengan EDTA dan antikoagulan heparin dengan EDTA. Secara keseluruhan, metode analisis yang diperoleh memenuhi persyaratan validasi baik untuk penggunaan antikoagulan sitrat, heparin, maupun EDTA berdasarkan EMEA Bioanalytical Guideline tahun 2011.

---

Metformin HCl is one of biguanid medicine which decreasing glucose level in plasma and used for critical used drug, it includes drugs that require a definite response and a mandatory of bioequivalence test. The aim of this study is to validate the analytical method and evaluate the effect of anticoagulant types for analyzing metformin HCl in human plasma. Optimal analytical condition was obtained using photodiode array detector which was detected at wavelength of 234 nm C18 SunfireTM column 5 m, 250 x 4.6 mm , temperature 40°C the mobile phase contains 10 mM SDS and 10 mM phosphate buffer in water ndash acetonitrile 60 40 v v pH 7.0 flow rate was 1.0 mL min and using atorvastatin calcium as internal standard. The plasma extraction was carried out by protein precipitation method using human plasma 300 l and acetonitrile 600 l 1 2 v v. The method was linear at concentration range of 20.0 ndash 5000.0 ng mL with r 0.9998. Based on stability and recovery of metformin HCl in plasma, there was no significant difference ANOVA p 0.05, but it showed significant difference for peak area ratio response p 0.05 between citrate with EDTA and heparin with EDTA anticoagulants. Overall, this analytical mehod fulfill the accepteance criteria of validation based on EMEA Bioanalytical Guideline 2011. "