Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Negara berkembang sering disalahkan sebngai pihaikyang melakukan deforestasi atau tindakan penenbanganhutan-hutan. Negara maju kemudian mencoba untukmenghukum dengan memasukkan nilai-nilai lingkunganke dalam nilai-nilai perdagangan. Hal ini telahmenyebabkan sengketa yang berkelanjutan antara keduapihak oleh karena negara berkembang sangatbergantung pada keuntungan yang berasal dari produksikomoditas utama, yang berasai dari hutan. Padaumumnya telah disetujui bahwa dalam penggunaansumber daya alam sudah seharusnya juga diperhatikandampaknya pada lingkungan baik daiam lingkungandomestik maupun lingkungan global. Peraturanlingkungan universal dan peraturan lingknngan yangdisesuaikan dengan batas-batas di dalam perdagangan.di satu sisi mungkin tidak bisa efisien dan efektif dalammenangani masalah lingkungan internasional,sehubnngan dengan isu hak kekayaan intelektual yangberkaitan dengan keuntungan dari hutan tropis. Tulisanini memberikan pandangan mengenai deforestasi darisudut pandang Negara-negara berkembang sertamenawarkan suatu nilai baru yang dapat diterapkanpada kebutuhan Negara-negara berkembang danmasyarakat global."

"The research paper "Extinction risk from climate change" published in the journal Nature in January 2004 created front-page headlines around the world. The notion that climate change could drive more than a million species to extinction captured both the popular imagination and the attention of policy-makers, and provoked an unprecedented round of scientific critique.Saving a Million Species reconsiders the central question of that paper: How many species may perish as a result of climate change and associated threats? Leaders from a range of disciplines synthesize the literature, refine the original estimates, and elaborate the conservation and policy implications."

"Natural mortality of trees is extremely variable due to the uncertainty and complexity of the functioning of forest ecosystems. The objective of this study was to develop a stand-level mortality model for Acacia mangium species by relating mortality to stand variables that affect the natural mortality process. The model was developed using data from l97 permanent sample plots measured periodically at 1-yr time intervals from 2-4 years until 8-11 years after planting in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The model consists of two complementary equations. The first equation is a logistic function predicting the probability of mortality incidence depending on stand density, site index and stand age. The second equation estimates the reduction in the number of surviving stems observed in a stand where natural mortality occurs. Nine equations were fitted using data from permanent sample plots where trees died over the time period and the best model was selected. Estimates from this second model were then adjusted by a factor equal to the probability of mortality applying three different approaches: probabilistic two-step, deterministic threshold and stochastic. All methods revealed no significant difference between the observed and the predicted number of surviving stems per ha. The probabilistic two-step approach, however, produced more consistent and the most accurate estimates. This method should provide reliable prediction when it is to be used in forest productivity prediction and management system for the species."