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"This book includes a comprehensive review of the processes controlling marine ecosystems, communities, and populations, as well as introduces concepts, approaches, and methods in the fast-changing fields of marine ecology and oceanography. This third edition maintains the structure of previous editions, introducing marine environments, dwelling on population, community, and ecosystem levels of organization, and emphasizing relevant biogeochemical and hydrodynamic mechanisms. The content is updated to include major features that new research has revealed in recent decades, but still highlights links to originators of critical ideas in the history of marine sciences. The greatest change in this edition is an expansion of each chapter to capture new awareness, and implications, of the rapid change affecting all aspects marine environments, driven by anthropogenic forces operating through climate and oceanographic mechanisms."

"Informasi sifat akustik untuk kayu tropis Indonesia masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji beberapa sifat akustik dari jenis kayuSonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia), Mahoni (Swietenia mahagony), Akasia (Acacia mangium) dan Manii (Maesopsiseminii). Paramater sifat akustik yang diuji terdiri dari kapasitas damping berupa logarithmic decrement, penyerapan suara, dan kecepatan gelombang suara; selain itu diuji pulakerapatan dan sifat kekakuan atau modulus elatisitas kayu. Pengujian dilakukan pada contoh uji dari 3 pola kayu gergajian yaitu radial, tangensial, dan campuran (quarter-sawn,flat-sawn, and plain-sawn) dengan menggunakan metode vibrasi longitudinal dan waktu tempuh rambatan gelombang suara ultraonik untuk pengujian sifat akustik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh yang nyata dari pola penggergajian terhadap nilai sifat akustik kayu. Berdasarkan sifat akustik yang diuji maka jenis kayu Mahoni dan Sonokeling memiliki sifat akustik logarithmic decrement yang rendah, kecepatan gelombang suara ultrasonik yang tinggi, dan rasio kekakuan bahan terhadap kerapatannya yang besar; sehingga jenis kayu tersebut direkomendasikan baik untuk komponen alat musik. Sementara itu, jenis kayu Akasia dan Manni lebih cocok digunakan sebagaikomponen akustika bangunan, kaitannya dengan sifat penyerapan bunyinya yang lebih baik.

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AbstractThe acoustical properties of four Indonesian tropical hardwood species were evaluated in this study. The objectives ofthis study were to determine acoustical parameters e.g. logarithmic decrement, sound absorption, sound velocity as wellas density and wood stiffness; and to evaluate the potential of those species for acoustical purposes. Sonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia), Mahoni (Swietenia mahagony), Acacia (Acacia mangium) and Manii wood (Maesopsis eminii) were selected in this research. Threedifferent cutting plane patterns of sawn timber (quarter-sawn, flat-sawn, and plain-sawn) were converted into small specimens. The methods for determining acoustical properties were longitudinal vibration testing and time of flight of ultrasonic wave method. The result showed no significant difference (α=0.05) ofacoustical properties in logarithmic decrement, sound absorption, and ultrasonic velocity means on quarter-sawn, flat-sawn, and plain-sawn for all wood species tested. We found that Mahoni and Sonokeling had good acoustical properties of logarithmic decrement, ultrasonic wave velocity, and ratio of wood stiffness to wood density; and is preferred for crafting musical instruments. Acacia and Manii woods arerecommended for developing acoustic panels in buildingconstruction because those species possess higher sound absorption values."

"This book examines the carbon sink capacity of urban ecosystems, showing how judicious planning and careful management can offset human emissions using lawn and turf, urban forests, green roofs, parks, recreational and sports facilities and urban agriculture."