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"P. falciparum, salah satu parasit penyebab malaria, melekat pada plasenta dan menyebabkan kehamilan malnutrisi. Dampak buruknya ialah BBLR dan pemrograman janin yang meningkatkan risiko penyakit degeneratif di kemudian hari. Plasenta diduga akan beradaptasi terhadap kondisi malnutrisi dengan meningkatkan jumlah salinan mtDNA. Polimorfisme T16189C dilaporkan berasosiasi dengan jumlah salinan mtDNA, BBLR, dan penyakit degeneratif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui asosiasi antara jumlah salinan mtDNA, berat lahir, dan polimorfisme T16189C di Timika, Papua, yang merupakan daerah endemik malaria. Jumlah salinan mtDNA diestimasi dengan metode qRT-PCR, sedangkan polimorfisme T16189C dideteksi dengan metode PCR-RFLP. Hasil analisis pada 52 sampel plasenta terinfeksi P. falciparum menunjukkan indikasi awal peningkatan rasio mtDNA terhadap berat lahir (r = 0,09, p = 0,521). Korelasi mtDNA dengan berat lahir ditemukan lebih kuat pada multigravida (r = 0,235) dibandingkan primigravida (r < 0,001). Diduga adaptasi berupa peningkatan rasio mtDNA dipengaruhi secara antagonis oleh komplikasi infeksi malaria. Frekuensi T16189C ditemukan pada 15 dari 126 sampel (12%). Tidak ditemukan asosiasi antara T16189C dengan berat lahir (p =0,57). Hal tersebut karena pengaruh T16189C tertutupi oleh infeksi malaria dan asupan nutrisi. T16189C ditemukan tidak berasosiasi dengan jumlah salinan mtDNA, namun wild-type T (r = 0,08) terindikasi berkorelasi lebih kuat dengan peningkatan mtDNA dibandingkan varian C (r = 0,01). Diperlukan jumlah sampel yang lebih banyak dan kontrol bebas infeksi malaria untuk studi selanjutnya.

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Malaria parasite, P. falciparum, has the properties to sequester in the placenta, consequently cause malnutrition in pregnancy. It is suggested that the adverse effects are LBW and fetal programming leading to degenerative diseases in later life. It is hypothesized that placenta will adapt with malnutrition by increasing mtDNA copy number. T16189C is associated with mtDNA copy number, LBW, and degenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association between mtDNA copy number, birth weight, and T16189C in Timika, Papua, which enlisted as malaria endemic region. MtDNA copy number was determined using qRT-PCR, while T16189C polymorphism is detected using PCR-RFLP. Analysis of 52 falciparum-infected placenta samples indicated that mtDNA ratio increased proportionally with birth weight (r = 0,09, p = 0,521). Stronger correlation was found in multigravidae as compared to primigravidae, suggesting placental adaptation by increasing mtDNA copy number was influenced antagonistically by malaria infections. T16189C was detected in 15 of 126 samples (12%) but no association was found between T16189C and birth weight (p = 0,57). The presence of confounding factors, such as malaria infection and nutrition supply, might masked the effect of T16189C. The result showed no association between T16189C and mtDNA copy number, even though wild-type T (r = 0,08) showed stronger correlation with mtDNA copy number than variant C (r = 0,01). More samples and uninfected control are needed in futher study."

"In modern medicine, a radiation scans is an very important examination tool for making a diagnosis and subsequent treatment plan. Among the range of medical examinations, Computed tomography (CT) is being performed in an increasing number of cases and a CT scan uses the most radiation of any diagnostic exam. On the other hand, radiation protection during scanning is not typical for bodily regions other than those designated for examination. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a lead-free fused radiation shielding fiber (RSF) and to evaluate its effectiveness with a view to reducing radiation exposure to only the effective dose or less in a CT scan by means of a multilayer structural coating. A GE High Speed Advantage Spiral CT was used to conduct measurements using a FH-40G (Eberline, USA) proportional digital counter survey meter. In a brain CT scan, abdominal CT scan, and knee CT scan, two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the changes in radiation dosage and to examine the correlation based on body parts and thickness of the RSF. In addition, when significant results were obtained, a Duncan post hoc test was used to examine the difference depending on each condition. In the brain CT scan, the highest exposure to secondary radiation was measured in the chest, which was closest in distance. The use of a 3- mm shielding fiber resulted in a shielding effect of approximately 65% shielding effect compared to the initial exposure dose. In the abdominal CT scan, no exposure dose was detected in the head area, which had been shielded with the 3-mm shielding fiber. In a knee CT scan, 1-mm shielding fiber was sufficient to demonstrate a shielding effect. The RSF developed in this study may help reduce low-dose exposure to secondary X-rays, such as scattered rays."

"Paparan radiasi pengion dosis rendah (<0,5 Gy) dapat menyebabkan gangguan sirkulasi. Namun, belum diketahui apakah paparan radiasi pengion dosis rendah dapat menyebabkan hipertensi. Seorang petugas radiologi berjenis kelamin laki-laki yang berusia 27 tahun menanyakan tentang hasil pemeriksaan berkalanya dimana hasilnya menyatakan ia mengidap hipertensi. Dia juga menyebutkan bahwa pada tahun sebelumnya, hasil pemeriksaan EKG-nya tidak baik, tetapi dia tidak dapat mengingat apa yang dikatakan oleh dokter spesialis jantung. Apakah hipertensi pada pekerja radiologi disebabkan oleh paparan radiasi pengion di tempat kerja? Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui PubMed, Scopus dan Cochrane. Didapatkan sebuah artikel yang relevan, yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sebuah studi kohort oleh Preetha R, et al (2015) menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara risiko hipertensi dan paparan FGIP. Penelitian ini valid dan dapat diterapkan pada pasien saya karena metodenya sesuai dan cukup baik. Selain itu, populasi dalam penelitian ini memiliki kemiripan dengan pasien saya. Namun, hanya ada satu artikel yang ditemukan. Hal ini mungkin dikarenakan kurangnya penelitian mengenai hal ini. Oleh karena itu, hubungan sebab akibat masih belum dapat dibuktikan. Dianjurkan untuk melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan pengukuran paparan dan hasil yang lebih baik.

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Exposure to low dose ionising radiation (<0.5 Gy) can cause circulation disorders. It is not yet known whether exposure to low dose ionising radiation can cause hypertension. A 27-year-old male radiologist asked about the result of his periodic examinations in which written hypertension. He also said that in the previous year, his ECG examination resulted in no good, but he couldn’t remember what the cardiologist said. Does hypertension in radiology workers due to exposure to ionising radiation at work? The literature searches were conducted through PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane. A relevant article, which fitted the inclusion criteria, was found. A cohort study by Preetha R, et al (2015) suggested that there is a relationship between the risk of hypertension and FGIP exposure. This study is valid and applicable to my patient because the method is quite good and suitable. Also, the population in the study is similar to my patient. However, there was only one article found which might be due to the lack of research on this subject. Hence, the causal relationship still cannot be proven. Further research is recommended with a better measurement of exposure and outcome."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian kriopreservasi spermatozoa ikan lukas memiliki tujuan mengetahui pengaruhberbagai konsentrasi susu skim (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) terbaik terhadapmotilitas, viabilitas dan abnormalitas serta kemampuan fertilisasi spermatozoa ikanlukas pascakriopreservasi. Larutan pengencer yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalahlarutan Fish Ringer, dengan rasio pengenceran yang digunakan adalah 1:9.Kriopreservasi dilakukan pada deep freezer dengan suhu -34°C, dengan lamapenyimpanan selama 48 jam. Spermatozoa hasil kriopreservasi selama 48 jamdigunakan untuk membuahi sel telur ikan lukas. Hasil fertilisasi digunakan untukmengukur parameter kualitas spermatozoa yang baik. Berdasarkan hasil uji ANAVAsatu arah menunjukkan pemberian berbagai konsentrasi susu skim memiliki nilai rataratapersentase motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas spermatozoa ikan lukas 48 jampascakriopreservasi yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Hasil terbaik ditunjukkan padakonsentrasi susu skim 20% dengan nilai persentase motilitas, viabilitas danabnormalitas secara berurutan sebesar 81,70 ± 0,70%; 80,37 ± 2,72%; dan 25,87 ±1,7%. Hasil analisis pada fertilisasi pascakriopreservasi menyatakan bahwa nilai rataratapersentase fertilisasi tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan, namun pada konsentrasisusu skim 20% kemampuan fertilisasi mampu dipertahankan dengan baik terlihatdengan nilai rata-rata fertilisasi tertinggi yaitu 65 ± 6,45%.

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ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to discover the effect of skim milk from variousconcentration (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) which give the best effect towardsmotility, viability, abnormality and fertilization capability of Puntiusbramoides spermatozoa two days after freezing. We used Fish Ringer to dilute thespermatozoa at 1:9 ratio. Based on the ANOVA analysis, the treatment groups showedsignificant difference in average motility, viability and spermatozoa abnormalitypercentage with the control (P<0.05). Tukey test showed best result are obtained from20% skim milk with average motility (81.70 ± 0.70%), sperm viability (80.37 ± 2.72%),and sperm abrnormality (25.87 ± 1.7%). The analysis from postcryopreservationfertilization showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in average motility percentagebetween treatment groups and control. However, the highest concentration percentageof fertility (65 ± 6,45%) was shown by the combination of 20% skim milk and 10%methanol."