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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman minuman isotonik terhadap kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill. Enam puluh spesimen Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill berdiameter 6 mm dan tinggi 3 mm dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok perendaman yaitu dengan akuades (kontrol) dan minuman isotonik. Setiap kelompok direndam dengan lama perendaman 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari. Kekerasan permukaan diuji menggunakan HMV-G Series Micro Vickers Hardness Tester.Hasil menunjukan terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) antara perendaman akuades dan minuman isotonik uji Independent T-Test. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) antara semua kelompok perendaman minuman isotonik dengan lama perendaman 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari dengan uji statistik One-Way Anova dan PostHoc Tukey HSD. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa minuman isotonik mempengaruhi kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill.

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This study aims to determine the influence of isotonic drink immersion on surface hardness of bulk-fill composite. Sixty specimens of Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill, 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm height were divided into two groups of storage media; deionized water (control) and isotonic drink. Each group was for 1 day, 3 days and 7 days. The surface hardness is measured using a HMV-G Series Micro Vickers Hardness Tester.

The results showed that there were significant differences (p <0.05) between immersion of control and isotonic drink with Independet T-Test. The results showed that there were significant differences (p <0.05) between all isotonic drink immersion groups with immersion duration of 1 day, 3 days and 7 days with One-Way Anova Test and Post Hoc Tukey HSD. It can be concluded that isotonic drinks affect the surface hardness of bulk-fill composite."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pH saliva buatan terhadap surface gloss resin komposit Giomer Bulk-Fill. Uji surface gloss menggunakan glossmeter dengan sudut pengukuran 60 . Jumlah spesimen 63 buah terbagi dalam sembilan kelompok perlakuan yaitu perendaman dalam saliva buatan dengan pH 4,5; 5,5; dan 7 dengan waktu perendaman masing-masing 1 jam, 24 jam, dan 72 jam. Hasil analisis One-way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna pada setiap kelompok perlakuan. Disimpulkan bahwa dengan menurunnya pH saliva buatan dapat menurunkan nilai gloss pada permukaan resin komposit Giomer Bulk-Fill.

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This study aims to determine the effect of artificial salivary pH to surface gloss of Giomer Bulk Fill composite resin restorative materials. The surface gloss were tested using glossmeter with measurement angle of 60 . The number of specimens are 63, divided into nine groups with immersion in artificial salivary pH of 4.5, 5.5, and 7 for 1 hour, 24 hours, and 72 hours at 37 C. Statistical analysis using One way ANOVA showed significant difference in each treatment group. This result suggested that the pH value reduction of artificial saliva can reduce the gloss value on the surface of giomer bulk fill composite resin."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman larutan nanas terhadap kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill. Enam puluh spesimen resin komposit Tetric®N-Ceram Bulk-Fill shadeIVB berdiameter 6 mm dan tebal 3 mm dibagi menjadi dua kelompok perlakuan, yaitu perendaman dengan aquades sebagai kontrol dan larutan nanas pH: 3,8±0,1(n= 30). Sebelumnya seluruh kelompok direndam terlebih dahulu dalam aquades selama 24 jam dalam inkubator bersuhu 37oC sebagai baseline. Kemudian masing-masing kelompok tadi akan direndam kembali dalam larutan selama 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari (n= 10). Kekerasan permukaan diukur menggunakan HMV-G SeriesVickers Micro Hardness Tester Shimadzu®dengan indenter Knoop. Setiap spesimen akan diindentasi dengan beban sebesar 50 gf, sebanyak 5 kali indentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05)antara perendaman 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari pada kelompok perendaman larutan nanas dengan uji One-way ANOVA. Disimpulkan bahwa larutan nanas dapat menurunkan kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill.

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This study aims to determine effect of pineapple solution immersion on surface hardness of bulk-fill composite resin. Sixty specimens of Tetric®N-Ceram Bulk-Fill composite resin shade IVB, 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick were divided into two groups, with immersion in aquades as a control and pineapple solutionpH: 3,8±0,1 (n= 30). Before immersion, all specimens were immersed in aquades for 24 hours and were saved in incubator at 37oC as a baseline.Each group of immersions would be divided into three groups, with immersion for 1 day, 3 days and 7 days (n= 10). The surface hardness was measured using HMV-G Series Vickers Micro Hardness Tester Shimadzu®with Knoop Indenter. Each specimen was indented with load of 50 gf for 5 times. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences (p <0.05) between pineapple solution immersion for 1 day, 3 days and 7 days with One-way ANOVA test. It can be concluded that pineapple solution can reduce surface hardness of bulk-fill composite resin."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman minuman yoghurt terhadap kekerasan permukaan resin komposit Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill. Enam puluh spesimen resin komposit bulk-fill dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu perendaman dengan akuades sebagai kontrol dan minuman yoghurt pH 4,01±0,1 (n=30). Masing-masing kelompok dilakukan perendaman selama 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari (n=10). Nilai kekerasan permukaan resin komposit diukur menggunakan Knoop Hardness Tester. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Kruskal-Wallis. Setelah dilakukan perendaman, diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada setiap kelompok perendaman. Disimpulkan bahwa penurunan kekerasan lebih besar terjadi pada spesimen yang direndam dengan minuman yoghurt dibandingkan akuades serta kekerasan permukaan resin komposit Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill semakin menurun seiiring dengan bertambahnya waktu perendaman baik dalam perendaman akuades maupun minuman yoghurt.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of yoghurt drink immersion on the surface hardness of Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill composite resin. Sixty bulk-fill composite resin specimens were divided into 2 immersion groups with distilled water as control and yogurt drinks pH 4,01 ± 0,1 (n = 30). Each group was immersed for 1 day, 3 days and 7 days (n = 10). The value of the composite resin surface hardness was measured using Knoop Hardness Tester. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. After immersion, the results showed that there were significant differences (p <0,05) in entire group. It was concluded that the decrease in surface hardness was greater in the specimens immersed in yogurt drinks than distilled water and the surface hardness of the resin decreased with increasing immersion time in distilled water and yogurt drinks."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perendaman larutan stroberi terhadap perubahan kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill. Total sampel terdiri dari enam puluh spesimen resin komposit Tetric N-Ceram bulk-fill (ketebalan 3 mm dan diameter 6 mm; warna IVB). Spesimen dikelompokan menjadi dua, yaitu kelompok perendaman dalam akuades (kontrol) dan larutan stroberi. Spesimen direndam dalam akuades dan disimpan dalam inkubator bersuhu 37°C selama 24 jam sebagai baseline. Selanjutnya masing-masing kelompok direndam selama 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari (n=10). Setelah perendaman, dilakukan pengukuran nilai kekerasan permukaan menggunakan Micro Vickers Hardness Tester dengan indenter Knoop. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA. Hasil menunjukan bahwa perendaman dalam akuades dan larutan stroberi selama 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari dapat menurunkan kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill secara signifikan (p<0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa derajat keasaman dan durasi perendaman menurunkan kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill.

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This study aimed to analize the effect of immersion in strawberry solution on surface hardness of bulk-fill composite resin. The total sample consist of sixty Tetric N-Ceram bulk-fill composite resin specimens (thickness 3 mm and diameter 6 mm; shade IVB). Samples were devided into two groups; distilled water as the control group and strawberry solution. Samples were immersed in distilled water and saved in an incubator at 37°C for 24 hours as a baseline. Then samples were alternately immersed for 1 day, 3 days and 7 days (n=10). After immersion, the changes in surface hardness of bulk-fill composite resin were measured using Micro Vickers Hardness Tester with Knoop Indentor. The data obtained were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. The result showed that immersion in distilled water and strawberry solution for 1 day, 3 days and 7 days can significantly reduced the surface hardness of bulk-fill composit resin. It can be concluded that the acidity degree and immersion duration decrease the surface hardness of bulkfill composire resin."

"Latar Belakang : Studi ini mengevaluasi sifat mekanik kekuatan tekan dan sifat fisik morfologi permukaan Resin Komposit Bulk-fill Packable dengan Flowable. Kedua material ini memiliki kemampuan berpenetrasi cahaya hingga kedalaman 4 mm namun dengan viskositas yang berbeda. Keduanya memiliki kandungan monomer dan konsentrasi filler yang berbeda dimana hal tersebut mempengaruhi sifat mekanik dan fisiknya. Tujuan : Mengetahui perbandingan kekuatan tekan Resin Komposit Bulk-fill Packable dengan Flowable, serta hubungannya dengan morfologi permukaan. Metode : 12 spesimen Resin Komposit Bulk-fill Packable dan Flowable disiapkan untuk uji kekuatan tekan lalu dianalisis dengan uji Independent T-test. Kemudian spesimen Resin Komposit Bulk-fill Packable dan Flowable disiapkan untuk analisis morfologi permukaan menggunakan SEM. Hasil Penelitian : Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai kekuatan tekan antara Resin Komposit Bulk-fill Packable dan Flowable dengan nilai kekuatan tekan RK Bulk-fill Packable lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Flowable. Resin Komposit Bulk-fill Packable memiliki permukaan eksternal yang lebih tidak beraturan, ukuran partikel yang beragam, dan lebih banyak porus. Kesimpulan : Resin Komposit Bulk-fill Packable menunjukkan nilai kekuatan tekan yang sama dengan Resin Komposit Bulk-fill Flowable. Material RK Bulk-fill Packable memiliki morfologi permukaan yang tidak beraturan, lebih banyak porus, dan ukuran partikel yang lebih beragam dibandingkan dengan RK Bulk-fill Flowable.

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Background : This study evaluates the compressive strength and surface morphology of the Resin Composite Bulk-fill Packable and Flowable. Both of these materials have the ability to penetrate light to a depth of 4 mm but with different viscosities. Each Resin Composite Bulk-fill have different monomer content and filler concentrations which affect their mechanical and physical properties.

Objective : Knowing the comparison of the compressive strength of Resin Composite Bulk-fill Packable with Flowable, and its relationship with surface morphology. Methods : 12 specimens of Resin Composite Bulk-fill Packable and Flowable were prepared for compressive strength test and then analyzed by Independent T-test. Then specimens of Resin Composite Bulk-fill Packable and Flowable were prepared for surface morphology analysis using SEM.

Results : There was no significant difference in the compressive strength values between Resin Composite Bulk-fill Packable and Flowable with the compressive strength of Resin Composite Bulk-fill Packable being higher than Flowable. Resin Composite Bulk-fill Packable have a more irregular external surface, a variety of particle sizes, and are more porous.

Conclusion : Resin Composite Bulk-fill Packable shows the same compressive strength value as Resin Composite Bulk-fill Flowable. The Resin Composite Bulk-fill Packable material has an irregular surface morphology, more voids, and more diverse particle size compared to Resin Composite Bulk-fill Flowable."

"Resin komposit bulk-fill adalah jenis resin komposit yang dapat menghemat waktu pengerjaan dan mengurangi kemungkinan jebakan udara karena mempunyai kemampuan untuk berpolimerasi secara memadai dengan depth of cure 4-5 mm. Ketahanan resin komposit terhadap keausan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah kekerasan permukaan. pH asam adalah salah satu faktor yang bisa menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan tingkat kekerasan resin komposit. Obat kumur herbal adalah salah satu produk dengan variasi pH yang banyak digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah pada rongga mulut. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pH beberapa jenis obat kumur herbal terhadap kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill Metode: Tiga puluh dua (32) spesimen resin komposti bulk-fill (Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill shade IVA dengan diameter 6 mm dan tinggi 3 mm) dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok dengan masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 8 spesimen. Masing-masing spesimen akan dilakukan perendaman pada suhu 370 C selama 6 jam dalam 20 ml larutan yang terdiri dari akuades (pH 6,78), pepsodent herbal natural (pH 6,54), total care lemon herbs (pH 5,04), listerine gum care jahe herbal (pH 4,07). Sebelum dan sesudah perendaman masing-masing spesimen akan diukur nilai kekerasan permukaan dengan Knoop Hardness Tester (HMV-G®: G21 Series Micro Vickers Hardness Tester Shimadzu) Hasil: Terjadi penurunan kekerasan permukaan resin komposit Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk-fill setelah direndam dalam semua larutan. Nilai rata-rata kekerasan permukaan sebelum perendaman untuk semua spesimen adalah 37,89±0,50 KHN. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata kekerasan permukaan sesudah perendaman pada masing-masing kelompok adalah akuades (pH 6,78) sebagai kelompok kontrol 36,36±1,01 KHN, obat kumur pepsodent 34,31±0,65 KHN, total care lemon herbs (pH 5,04) 32,41±0,61 KHN, obat kumur listerine gum care jahe herbal 30,68±0,43 KHN. Berdasarkan hasil uji One-Way ANOVA dan uji Post Hoc Post Hoc Tamhane menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p < 0,05) antar semua kelompok perendaman. Kesimpulan: Terdapat penurunan nilai kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill setelah dilakukan peredaman dalam larutan akuades, pepsodent herbal natural, total care lemon herbs, listerine gum care jahe herbal mouthwash selama 6 jam dan penurunan nilai kekerasan permukaan tertinggi terjadi kelompok listerine gum care jahe herbal dan penurunan kekerasan terendah terjadi pada kelompok akuades.

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Background: Bulk-fill resin composite is a type of resin composite that not only allows minimal processing time but also minimal possibility of air trapping due to its ability to properly polymerize with the depth of cure 4-5 mm. There are several factors that affect the wear resistance of resin composite, one of which is surface hardness which is highly impacted by the acidity level (pH). Herbal mouthwash is an example of product that offers wide variety of pH content used for oral cavity treatment. Aims: This study aims to determine the impact of pH level of several herbal mouthwash on the surface hardness of bulk-fill resin composite. Methods: There were thirty two (32) bulk fill resin composite specimens prepared (Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill shade IVA with a diameter of 6 mm and a thick of 3 mm), which then equally divided into four different groups, based on the solution used for soaking. The first group used 20ml of distilled water that has pH of 6.78. The second group was soaked in 20 ml of pepsodent herbal natural mouthwash solution with slightly lower pH content of 6.52. Group three had 20 ml of total care lemon herbs with even lower pH content of 5.04. Lastly, the last group (group four) used 20ml listerine gum care herbal ginger solution that has the least pH content of 4.07. The soaking process for each specimen was done at temperature of 37 celcius for approximately six hours. The measurement of the specimens’ surface hardness was performed using Knoop Hardness Tester (HMV-G®: G21 Series Micro Vickers Hardness Tester Shimadzu), prior to and after the soaking process. Results: There was a decrease in the surface hardness of the Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill composite resin after being immersed in all solutions. The average value of surface hardness before immersion for all specimens was 37.89±0.50 KHN. While the average value of surface hardness after soaking in each group was distilled water (pH 6.78) as the control group 36.36±1.01 KHN, Pepsodent mouthwash 34.31±0.65 KHN, total care lemon herbs (pH 5.04) 32.41±0.61 KHN, mouthwash listerine gum care herbal ginger 30.68±0.43 KHN. Based on the One-Way ANOVA test and the Post Hoc Tamhane test, it can be inferred that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) among the immersion groups. Conclusion: There was a decrease in the surface hardness value of the Bulk-fill composite resin after soaking in a solution of distilled water, natural herbal pepsodent, total care lemon herbs, listerine gum care ginger herbal mouthwash for 6 hours and the highest decrease in surface hardness value occurred in the listerine gum care herbal ginger group and the lowest decrease in hardness occurred in the distilled water group."

"Latar Belakang: Resin komposit bulk-fill dapat merestorasi kavitas dengan kedalaman 4-5 mm dalam sekali penyinaran sehingga dapat mempersingkat prosedur restorasi, Polimerisasi resin komposit dapat dipengaruhi oleh suhu, termasuk suhu penyimpanan dan preheating resin komposit. Polimerisasi yang adekuat diperlukan untuk mendapatkan kekerasan permukaan yang optimal. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh suhu penyimpanan dan preheating terhadap kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill. Metode: Tiga puluh spesimen Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk-Fill shade IVA (diameter 6 mm dan tebal 3 mm) dibuat dari 3 kelompok perlakuan yaitu resin komposit yang disimpan pada suhu ruangan 23±1°C selama 24 jam (kontrol), lemari pendingin 4±1°C selama 24 jam, dan preheating 39°C selama 10 menit. Spesimen dipolimerisasi menggunakan light curing unit LED berintensitas 1100 mW/cm2 selama 10 detik dan disimpan di inkubator pada suhu 37°C selama 24 jam. Uji kekerasan menggunakan Knoop Microhardness Tester. Analisis data dengan uji statistik One-Way ANOVA dan Post Hoc Bonferroni. Hasil: Kekerasan permukaan antara kelompok perlakuan suhu penyimpanan dan preheating menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill pada suhu penyimpanan di lemari pendingin 4±1˚C lebih rendah dibandingkan di ruangan 23±1˚C, sedangkan kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill dengan suhu preheating 39˚C lebih tinggi dibandingkan penyimpanan di ruangan 23±1˚C.

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Background: Bulk-fill composite resin could be used in 4-5 mm thickness for each photo-polymerization so that it can shorten the restoration procedure time. Polymerization of composite resin can be affected by temperature, including composite resin’s storage temperature and preheating. Adequate polymerization needed to achieve optimal surface hardness or composite resin. Objective: To evaluate the influence of storage temperature and preheating on surface hardness of Bulk-fill Composite Resin. Methods: Thirty specimens of Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk-Fill shade IVA (6 mm of diameter and 3 mm of thickness) were made from 3 groups according to storage temperature and preheating of the composite: (1) room temperature 23±1°C for 24 hours (control), (2) refrigerator temperature 4±1°C for 24 hours, and (3) preheating 39°C for 10 minutes. Each specimen was polymerized using LED Curing Unit for 10 minutes with 1100 mW/cm2 intensity, then immersed in 5 ml of aquadest and kept in 37°C incubator for 24 hours. urface hardness was measured using Knoop Microhardness Tester at the top surfaces. Data were statistically analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Bonferroni test. Result: There was a statistically significant difference (p0,05) of surface hardness value between all test groups. Conclusion: Surface hardness of bulk-fill composite resin at refrigerator temperature 4±1˚C are lower than room temperature 23±1˚C, while surface hardness of bulk-fill composite resin with preheating 39°C are higher than room temperature 23±1˚C."

"Latar belakang: Mode penyinaran pulsa merupakan alternatif dari mode penyinaran kontinu untuk mempolimerisasi resin komposit. Saat ini resin komposit nanofil dan bulkfil merupakan material restorasi yang memerlukan surface gloss yang baik untuk memenuhi kebutuhan estetik. Surface gloss dapat dipengaruhi oleh penyinaran. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisa pengaruh penyinaran mode kontinu dan pulsa terhadap surface gloss resin komposit nanofil dan bulkfil segera dan setelah satu hari. Metode: Spesimen resin komposit nanofil dan bulkfil disinar menggunakan mode kontinu atau pulsa beriradiansi 900 mW/cm2 selama 20 detik. Lalu dilakukan pengujian surface gloss segera setelah penyinaran. Kemudian spesimen disimpan selama satu hari dan dilakukan pengujian surface gloss kembali. Hasil: Surface gloss yang dihasilkan oleh mode penyinaran kontinu dan pulsa tidak bermakna secara statistik (p>0,05). Resin komposit nanofil menghasilkan surface gloss lebih rendah daripada bulkfil, berbeda bermakna (p=0,00). Segera setelah penyinaran menghasilkan surface gloss lebih tinggi daripada setelah satu hari tidak bermakna secara statistik (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini surface gloss tidak dipengaruhi oleh mode penyinaran kontinu dan pulsa serta perbedaan waktu segera dan setelah satu hari. Namun terdapat pengaruh jenis resin komposit, nanofil menghasilkan surface gloss lebih rendah dari yang dihasilkan bulkfil.

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Background: Pulse is an alternative of continuous light-curing mode to polymerize composite resin. Currently, nanofill and bulk-fill are restorative materials that require good gloss surface to meet aesthetic needs. Surface gloss can be obtained by irradiation.

Aim: To analyze influence of continuous and pulse light-curing mode on surface gloss of nanofill and bulk-fill immediately after irradiation and after one day.

Method: Nanofill and bulk-fill specimens were irradiated using continuous or pulse light-curing mode with irradiance of 900 mW/cm2 for 20 seconds. Then surface gloss test is carried out immediately after irradiation. Then the specimens were water-stored for one day and then tested their surface gloss again.

Result: Surface gloss produced by continuous and pulse light-curing mode were not statistically different (p>0,05). Nanofill produced lower surface gloss than bulk-fill, statistically significant (p=0,00). Immediately after irradiation, resulting surface gloss were higher than after one day, not statistically significant (p>0,05).

Conclusion: In this experiment, surface gloss was not affected by continuous and pulse light-curing mode as well as the time difference immediately and after one day. However, there is an influence on the type of composite resin, where nanofill produced lower surface gloss than bulk-fill."