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"Covering a wide range of subject matter, including biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, medicine, chemistry, and allied health, Biochemical Pathways is a full-color, easy-to-use resource for students and professionals. This information-packed reference features a unique summary of biochemical pathways based on the well-known Biochemical Pathways chart. Included is descriptive information about properties such as enzymes, chemicals, proteins, and DNA, all of which act together to create an elaborate chain that drives all biological functions. Completely updated, this new edition continues to play a valuable role in this important scientific field"--"Biochemical Pathways: An Atlas of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Edition, explains the multi-step chemical reactions (for example, carbohydrate metabolism pathways) that occur in biological systems (e.g., within cells and organelles). The chemical reactions, location within the cell, structure and function of proteins and nucleic acids (including the enzymes), small molecules (carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, steroids, nucleotides) involved, vitamins and cofactors present, storage of information in DNA and translation into proteins, viruses infecting systems, various protein mechanisms, respiration processes, cellular communication and regulation, transport, defense, and blood coagulation are all discussed in detai"

"ABSTRACTLatar belakang: Diagnosis pasti kanker paru ditegakkan dengan menemukan sel ganas pada pemeriksaan sitologi/ histopatologi pada spesimen yang didapat dari berbagai prosedur diagnostik.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui jumlah sel ganas dari pemeriksaan sitologi yang didapat dari berbagai prosedur diagnostik TTNA terpandu CT scan, TTNA tidak terpandu, TTNA terpandu USG, BJH, sikatan bronkus, bilasan bronkus, TBNA, BAL, sitologi cairan pleura dan sitologi sputum .Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada slide pasien kanker paru dari pemeriksaan sitologi yang ditegakkan dari berbagai prosedur diagnostik di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan. Data diambil dari laborarorium Patologi Anatomi, Rekam Medis Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan dan data khusus Adenokarsinoma paru diambil dari laboratorium KalGen Jakarta Pusat pada periode 1 Juni 2015 sampai 31 Juli 2016. Slide pasien yang mengandung sel ganas akan dikoding oleh SpPA dan dihitung jumlahnya dibawah mikroskop dibawah supervisi Sp.PA.Hasil: Sampel penelitian 425 slide sitologi dengan karateristik pasien laki-laki 72,5 median usia 57 tahun, range usia 26-92 tahun dan pasien kanker paru perempuan 27,3 median usia 54 tahun, range usia 18-84 tahun . TTNA terpandu CT Scan merupakan prosedur diagnostik yang paling sering dapat menemukan sel ganas > 200 16,9 , diikuti BJH dengan jumlah sel > 200 11,8 , TTNA tidak terpandu dengan jumlah sel ganas > 200 7,3 . Jumlah sel ganas minimal yang memungkinkan untuk pemeriksaan molekuler lanjutan EGFR khususnya pada jenis adenokarsinoma paru adalah didapatkan 0,8 pemeriksaan EGFR pada jumlah sel ganas < 50 sel dan semakin tinggi jumlah sel ganas maka semakin memungkinkan untuk pemeriksaan molekuler lanjutan. Jumlah slide mempengaruhi jumlah sel ganas yang didapatkan nilai p=0,000 dan semakin banyak jumlah slide maka semakin banyak juga jumlah sel ganas yang didapatkan.Kesimpulan: Jumlah sel ganas pada slide sitologi kanker paru paling banyak ditemukan dengan pemeriksaan TTNA terpandu CT scan, dikuti BJH dan TTNA tidak terpandu. Jumah slide mempengaruhi jumlah sel ganas nilai bermakna, p= 0,000 .Kata kunci: Kanker paru, sel ganas, slide sitologi, prosedur diagnostik

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ABSTRACTBackground A definitive diagnosis of lung cancer by finding malignant cells on cytology histopathology examination of the specimen obtained from a variety of diagnostic procedures.Objective To determine the number of malignant cells of cytologic examination that are obtained from a variety of diagnostic procedures CT guided TTNA, unguided TTNA, ultrasound guided TTNA, FNAB, bronchial brushing, bronchial washing, TBNA, BAL, cytology examination of pleural fluid and sputum cytology .Methods A cross sectional study in lung cancer patients slides from cytological examination from a variety of diagnostic procedures in the Central General Hospital Persahabatan. Data are taken from Anatomical Pathology laborarorium, Medical Record of Central General Hospital Persahabatan and the specific data of lung adenocarcinoma taken from the laboratory KalGen in Central Jakarta from1 June, 2015 until July 31, 2016. Slides containing malignant cells of patients are to be coded by SpPA and numbered under a microscope under the supervision of Sp.PA.Results The research sample with characteristic cytologic slide of 425 male patients were 72.5 median age 57 years, range 26 92 years of age and female lung cancer patients were 27.3 median age 54 years, age range 18 84 year . CT guided TTNA was a diagnostic procedure that was most often able to find malignant cells 200 16.9 , followed by the BJH of cell counts 200 11.8 , unguided TTNA with the number of malignant cells 200 7.3 . Minimal number of malignant cells that were possible for advanced molecular examination EGFR , particularly on the type of lung adenocarcinoma was obtained 0.8 EGFR examination in the number of malignant cell "

"Latar Belakang : Sepsis adalah penyebab utama kematian pasien dengan penyakit kritis. Uji fungsi hati memiliki nilai prognostik untuk menentukan terjadinya kolestasis terkait sepsis (KTS). Antioksidan diduga berpengaruh dalam KTS sehingga perlu dibuktikan.Tujuan : Mengetahui gambaran umum penderita KTS neonatorum di Departemen IKA FKUI-RSCM. Mengetahui apakah antioksidan (seng, vitamin A dan vitamin D) dan nilai parameter biokimia hati (bilirubin, AST, ALT dan GGT) memiliki nilai prognostik untuk luaran (baik dan buruk) pada KTS.Metode: Penelitian uji prognostik dengan metode kohort prospektif periode Desember 2011-Desember 2012. Subjek penelitian kali ini adalah neonatus cukup bulan usia 0-28 hari atau kurang bulan sampai 42 minggu usia koreksi. Data dilakukan tabulasi untuk melihat karakteristik dan distribusi data kadar antioksidan dan parameter biokimia hati. Analisis statistik menggunakan analisis bivariat (uji Kai kuardat atau Fisher) dan multivariat (uji regresi logistik).Hasil : Penelitian sejak Desember 2011-Desember 2012 terdapat 1052 neonatus, 332 tersangka sepsis, 225 proven sepsis. Penelitian dilakukan pada 80 subjek (50 KTS dan 30 sepsis tanpa kolestasis). Sebagian besar subjek lelaki (61%), berat lahir <2500 gram (41%), usia gestasi cukup bulan (63%). Manifestasi klinis tersering adalah instabilitas suhu (55%), letargis (51%),dan distres pernapasan (45%). Bakteri utama penyebab sepsis adalah Staphylococcus epidermidis (31%), Acinetobacter sp. (16%), dan Enterobacter cloacae (14%). Faktor yang memiliki nilai prognostik untuk memprediksi luaran pada KTS adalah defisiensi vitamin A (RR 0,2; IK95%=0,06-0,78; p=0,020) dan kadar GGT (RR 10; IK95%=1,72-58,31; p=0,010).Simpulan :. Antioksidan, defisiensi vitamin A terbukti sebagai faktor prognostic unutk luaran baik pada KTS neonatorum. Parameter biokimia hati dalam hal ini GGT terbukti sebagai faktor prognosis untuk luaran buruk pada KTS neonatorum.

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Background: Sepsis is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients. Liver plays a role in multiorgan failure during sepsis. Biochemical liver parameters have prognostic value for determining the occurrence of Neonatal sepsis-associated cholestasis (NSAC). Micronutrients thought to play a role in NSAC so it is necessary to prove its contribution to the NSAC.

Objective: To determine the characteristics of patients in the NSAC Child Health Department Faculty of medicine-RSCM in the period December 2011 - December 2012. Knowing the characteristics of the levels of substances such as zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin D and levels of liver function tests such as bilirubin, AST, ALT and GGT which has prognostic value for the occurrence of NSAC outcomes.

Methods: This is a prognostic study with cohort prospective method during December 2011-December 2012. Subjects were full-term neonates aged 0-28 days or preterm neonates until 42 weeks of age correction, has proven sepsis and clinical sepsis. The data was then tabulated to see the characteristics of the data subject and the distribution of antioxidant and biochemical liver parameters. Statistical analysis was performed to search for prognostic factors associated with NSAC with Chi-Square or Fisher (bivariate analysis) and logistic regression (multivariate analysis).

Results: Patients treated in the period December 2011 - December 2012 as many as 1052 patients, 332 subjects suspected sepsis, with 225 proven sepsis. The study was conducted on 80 subjects, consisting of 50 subjects and 30 subjects NSAC sepsis, neonatal majority of subjects were male (61%), gestational age at term (63%) and birth weight < 2500 gram. The clinical manifestations of sepsis are the most temperature instability (55%), followed by symptoms letargis (51%) and respiratory distress (45%). Based on the data, blood culture results obtained with the major bacterial cause of neonatal sepsis in a row is Staphylococcus epidermidis (31%), Acinetobacter sp (16%), and Enterobacter cloacae (14%). Based on logistic regression, micronutrients: deficiency vitamin A (p = 0.020; RR0,2 (95% CI = 0.06 to 0.78) and liver function tests: GGT (p = 0.010; RR10 (95% CI =1.72 to 58.31) has a prognostic value to predict outcomes in NSAC.

Conclusion: Vitamin A deficiency has been demonstrated to have a good prognostic factor for the outcome of NSAC. While low GGT level has been demonstrated to have a poor prognostic factor for the outcome of NSAC."