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"Limbah cair sintesis yang mengandung senyawa 2,4-diklorofenol (DCP) dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan. Teknologi plasma dengan reaktor Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma non-termal diketahui dapat mendegradasi senyawa DCP menjadi senyawa yang lebih sederhana didegradasi oleh lingkungan. Lucutan plasma dihasilkan oleh pembangkit tegangan tinggi di antara celah elektroda yang dilapisi penghalang dielektrik sehingga limbah cair berfase gas akan terionisasi sehingga dihasilkan sepesi aktif. Spesies aktif yang dihasilkan yaitu elektron, senyawa radikal (hidroksil, ozon, hidrogen peroksida), dan partikel netral yang akan mendegradasi limbah cair dengan cara memutus ikatan senyawa limbah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendegradasi limbah cair sintetis senyawa DCP menjadi senyawa yang lebih sederhana yaitu CO₂ dan H₂O. Dari hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa proses degradasi DCP menggunakan reaktor DBD plasma selama 90 menit dapat mencapai 89,55. Penambahan ozon dalam proses degradasi DCP dapat meningkatkan degradasi DCP menjadi 99,62%.Kondisi optimum diperoleh ketika mengunakan laju alir udara 2,5 lpm, laju alir limbah 85 mlpm, tegangan plasmatron 13,6 kV, dan penambahan ozon pada aliran.

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Synthesis of wastewater containing compounds 2,4-dichlorophenol can endanger human health and the environment. Plasma technology with a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma reactor non-thermal can degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol compounds into compounds that are more easily degraded by the environment. A plasma discharge is produced by a high voltage generator between the electrode leaks that the dielectric barrier requires so that the wastewater takes the gas to be ionized so that an active session is produced. The active species produced are electrons, radical compounds, and neutral particles that will degrade wastewater by breaking the joint bond of waste.

The purpose of this study was to degrade the wastes of synthetic manganese and 2,4-dichlorophenol compounds into simpler compounds, CO₂ and H₂O. From the results of the study, it was found that the DCP degradation process using a plasma DBD reactor for 90 minutes could reach 89,55%. Addition of ozone into the DCP degradation process can increase DCP degradation to 99,62%. The optimum condition is obtained when using an air flow rate of 2.5 lpm, 85 mlpm waste flow rate, 13.6 kV plasmatron voltage, and ozone injection system."

"ABSTRAKTujuan dari eksperimen yang dilakukan adalah untuk menyelidiki hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan pembentukan plasma, yakni zat yang tersusun dari muatan-muatan listrik bebas berupa ion-ion positif dan elektron elektron negatif yang jumlahnya nyaris sama.Plasma yang digunakan dalam eksperimen terbentuk dari udara laboratorium yang di iradiasi dengan berkas laser energi tinggi ( IJ - 2J ) dalam sebuah chamber yang dilengkapi dengan suatu rangkaian listrik DC.Dengan memberikan beda tegangan tertentu antara dua elektrode yang berada dalam chamber, maka elektron-elektron dari plasma yang berada diantara kedua elektrode tersebut akan ditarik oleh elektrode positif dan menimbulkan arus listrik pada resistor yang ada dalam rangkaian. Besar arus listrik yang mengalir ini dapat ditentukan harganya dengan cara mengukur besar tegangan pada resistor menggunakan cathode ray oscilloscope.Chamber yang merupakan kotak tertutup berisi plasma yang diamati, dilengkapi dengan pengukur tekanan, dan di hubungkan ke sebuah pompa vakum.Dengan memvariasi besar tekanan udara dalam chamber, jarak antar elektrode, beda tegangan antara elektrode, maupun besar energi laser, dapat diperoleh harga besaran-besaran fisis yang diselidiki, juga korelasi-korelasi antara suatu besaran fists, dengan besaran fists lainnya.

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ABSTRACT

An investigation has been conducted on the formation of plasma generated by focusing an intense Laser radiation.

A high voltage from DC source is used to trigger electrical breakdown between two electrodes which an air of laboratory will be investigated.

The electrical breakdown caused by laser radiation observed by measuring the voltage of pick up resistor in the electrical circuit. The value of electric current flows in resistor can be calculated from the value of voltage, it expresses the amount of electrons flow from plasma. By variating air pressure in the chamber, distance between two electrodes, potential difference between two electrodes, and laser energy, we can find correlations between: air pressure versus breakdown probability, air pressure versus electron number density, Laser energy versus electron number density, electric field per pressure versus electron drift velocity, etc."

"In this paper ,the growth of GaN:Mn thin films by plasma-assisted metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (PAMOCVD) method is reported ..."

"This study was designed to optimalize the use of opididymal or ejaculate sperm and plasma for in vitro fertilization,that sperm agglutination was found at preparation. The rate of sperm agglutination was calculated the head-to-head sperm agglutination that were incubated in KR-HEPES medium in 38.5 oC with 5% CO2 at 1,3,5 and 7 hours culture in vitro....."

"ABSTRACT

Recently, there -is a rapidly grow in the field of optical fiber communications, particularly in the technology of fiber waveguide which is used as transmitting media or communication lines. 'Due mayor problem in optical waveguide systems is the coupling loss in connectors or couplers for the purpose of gaining maximum coupling efficiency. This research is dedicated to obtain an efficient wavegui de devi ce by studyi ng the applicability of cone-shaped fiber end-face as fiber star coupler without any complement element. Light power from one end-face of fiber was directly coupled to another cone-shaped fiber end-face. The first step of this study was the process of cone-shaping for graded-index fibers. The result was used as coupling elements in an experimental star coupler. The evaluation of the result is carried out based on the concept of radiation pattern of electromagnetic field in cone-shaped end-face of fibers- It. is concluded that the experimental star coupler is predicted to be useful with some improvement in choosing fiber-core diameter. matching the size of the coupled fibers and aligning the suitable axes of the outgoing fibers.;Recently, there -is a rapidly grow in the field of optical fiber communications, particularly in the technology of fiber waveguide which is used as transmitting media or communication lines. 'Due mayor problem in optical waveguide systems is the coupling loss in connectors or couplers for the purpose of gaining maximum coupling efficiency. This research is dedicated to obtain an efficient wavegui de devi ce by studyi ng the applicability of cone-shaped fiber end-face as fiber star coupler without any complement element. Light power from one end-face of fiber was directly coupled to another cone-shaped fiber end-face. The first step of this study was the process of cone-shaping for graded-index fibers. The result was used as coupling elements in an experimental star coupler. The evaluation of the result is carried out based on the concept of radiation pattern of electromagnetic field in cone-shaped end-face of fibers- It. is concluded that the experimental star coupler is predicted to be useful with some improvement in choosing fiber-core diameter. matching the size of the coupled fibers and aligning the suitable axes of the outgoing fibers."