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"Pada studi ini dilakukan penelitian terhadap kemampuan denitrifikasi in situ pada badan landfill dengan umur sampah yang berbeda-beda. Terdapat dua buah kolom landfill bioreaktor skala lab yang digunakan pada penelitian ini: reaktor R2 yang berisikan sampah berumur 2 tahun, dan reaktor R4 yang berisi sampah berumur 4 tahun. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa reaksi denitrifikasi sebagai penghilangan nitrat tercapai pada kedua reaktor, di mana kemampuan penghilangan nitrat yang lebih besar dimiliki oleh R2 dengan konstanta reaksi first order k= 0,0302/jam dibandingkan pada R4 dengan k= 0,0226/jam. Pengaruh perbedaan kedalaman pada landfill terhadap kemampuan penghilangan nitrat juga coba dibahas pada penelitian ini.

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The in situ denitrification capacity of bioreactor landfills filled with different refuse ages were studied. There are two bioreactor landfill columns: reactor R2 filled with 2-years-old refuse, and reactor R4 filled with 4-years-old refuse. The results showed that both reactors have the capacity to remove nitrate through denitrification reaction, where R2 have bigger capacity of nitrate removal with first order reaction constant, k= 0,0302/hour, than R4 with k= 0,0226/hour. The variance in nitrate removal along with depth differences in the bioreactor landfill is also discussed in this study."

"Permasalahan sampah perkotaan meliputi keterbatasan lahan landfill dan pencemaran yang diakibatkan oleh air lindi dari landfill. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan sampah sebagai kompos serta sebagai media pengolah air lindi menggunakan pemodelan bioreaktor lysimeter. Air lindi yang berasal dari landfill diolah menggunakan bioreaktor lysimeter berisi sampah organik berusia 2 tahun dengan sistem pengisian sampah berlapis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rasio C/N sampah sebesar 13.55:1 dibawah baku mutu kompos organik. Pengolahan air lindi menggunakan bioreaktor lysimeter memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap kualitas efluen air lindi. Parameter pH air lindi setelah melalui bioreaktor berkisar antara 7.67-8. Rata-rata persentase penurunan TSS air lindi mencapai 92.73%. Rata-rata persentase penurunan BOD dan COD air lindi berturut-turut sebesar 92.65% dan 92.61%. Rata-rata persentase peningkatan nitrat air lindi setelah melalui bioreaktor ialah sebesar 43.97%. Kadar nitrit mengalami penurunan dengan rata-rata persentase penurunan sebesar 96.42%. Kadar nitrat dan nitrit pada efluen air lindi yang tinggi menunjukan bahwa air lindi membutuhkan pengolahan lanjutan berupa proses denitrifikasi.

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Problems of urban waste include limited land for landfilling and pollution caused by leachate from landfills. This research was conducted in order to determine the potential use of waste as compost and as a treatment media for leachate using bioreactor lysimeter modeling. Leachate from the landfill is processed using bioreactor lysimeter containing 2 years old organic waste with layered systems.

The results showed that the ratio of C/N of the waste is 13.55:1, under the standard of quality of organic compost. Leachate treatment using a bioreactor lysimeter gives a positive effect on the quality of leachate effluent. The pH of leachate after the treatment ranged between 7.67-8. The average percentage decrease in TSS of leachate reached 92.73%. The average percentages reduction in BOD and COD of leachate, respectively are 92.65% and 92.61%. The average percentage increase in nitrate of leachate after going through the bioreactor is at 43.97%. Nitrite levels decreased by an average percentage decrease of 96.42%. The high levels of nitrate and nitrite in the leachate effluent showed that the leachate requires an advanced processing such as denitrification process."

"Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengamatan terhadap kemampuan denitrifikasi in situ pada bioreaktor landfill yang berisikan sampah berumur 2 tahun (R2) dan 4 tahun (R4) dengan 3 titik ketinggian sampling pada bioreaktor landfill (#1,#2,#3) yang menggambarkan distribusi kemampuan denitrifikasi pada bagian atas, tengah, dan bawah bioreaktor landfill. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui umur sampah yang paling efektif serta pengaruh ketinggian sampah terhadap proses denitrifikasi in situ yang terjadi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa sampah berumur 2 tahun (R2) memiliki kemampuan reduksi nitrat yang lebih besar dibandingkan sampah berumur 4 tahun (R4). Untuk kemampuan reduksi nitrat pada ketinggian sampah yang berbeda, menunjukkan pola yang tidak sama pada kedua bioreaktor (R2 dan R4), hal ini dapat diakibatkan karena kurang meratanya sebaran kandungan material organik pada bioreaktor landfill.

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In this research, done observation ability of denitrification at landfill bioreactor with refuse was 2 years old ( R2 ) and 4 years ( R4 ) by 3 points the height of sampling at bioreactor landfill ( # 1, # 2, # 3 ), which describing the distribution ability of denitrification, in the upper, middle, and lower part of bioreactor landfill.The purpose of this research is to find out the age of refuse which most effective as well as the influence of the height of refuse against the process of denitrification.The result showed, that refuse?s 2 years old ( R2 ) has higher ability to the reduction of nitrate than refuse?s four years old ( R4 ).To the ability of the reduction of nitrate at an altitude of refuse different, shows the pattern that is not the same in both bioreactor ( R2 and R4 ), this could arise because of lacking evenly distributed to scatter the content of organic material in bioreactor landfill."

"Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan fabrikasi suatu kamar reaksi baru yang akan ditempatkan pada alat difraksi sinar X (XRD). Penelitian dilanjutkan dengan investigasiex situ dari serbuk kalsium fosfat hasil sintesis kimiawi dengan variasi waktu kontak dengan ammonia selama 0, 3, 4, 5, 15, dan 36 jam yang secara khusus ditujukan untuk menginvestigasi proses mineralisasi kalsium fosfat. Selama transformasi kalsium fosfat menjadi hidroksiapatit, telah terdeteksi adanya pembentukan fase-fase perantara, yaitu brushite dan monetite, melalui karakterisasi XRD. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa meningkatnya waktu kontak ammonia dari 4 hingga 36 jam mampu meningkatkan ukuran kristalit mineral dari 9.3 menjadi 16.1 nm. Hasil-hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan acuan untuk investigasi lebih lanjut mengenai mineralisasi kalsium fosfat, khususnya melalui investigasi in situ via XRD.

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In the current research, fabrication of newly-designed reaction chamber for X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) has been conducted, followed by ex situ investigation of chemically synthesized CaPwith various time of 0, 3, 4, 5, 15, and 36 hours in contact with ammonia. This route was specifically aimed at investigating the mineralization of CaP. During the transformation of CaP toHydroxy Apatite(HA), formation of intermediate phases, i.e. brushite (DCPD) and monetite (DCPD) is well detected by XRD characterization. Increasing of contact time with alkali atmosphere from 4 to 36 hours has increased the crystallite size of CaP minerals from 9.3 to 16.1 nm. Those results can be a baseline for further investigation of CaP mineralization, especially in situ XRD investigation."

"Abstract:"Emphasizing new technologies that produce clean water and energy from the wastewater treatment process, this book presents recent advancements in wastewater treatment by various technologies such as chemical methods, biochemical methods, membrane separation techniques, and nanotechnology. It addresses sustainable water reclamation, biomembrane treatment processes, advanced oxidation processes, and applications of nanotechnology for wastewater treatment. It also includes integrated cost-based design methodologies. Equations, figures, photographs and tables are included within the chapters to aid reader comprehension. Case studies and examples are included as well"-"

"The combination ofbaffled air flotation and a membrane system for the treatment of palm oil milleffluent (POME) was studied. The POME was obtained from a palm oil factory inPTPN I Tanjong Seumantoh, Aceh, Indonesia. Operation variables and conditions,such as the hydraulic retention time and air flow rates, were varied to findthe optimum process. The air flotation process is able to reduce theconcentration of suspended solids and fats/ oils contained in the wastewater,which increases the performance of the membrane by reducing clogging. Theresults showed that this method was promising for POME treatment. The optimumorganic removal efficiency of the air flotation pretreatment was obtained atHRT = 5 days and at an air flow rate of 11 L/min. The effluent was subsequentlypassed through an anaerobic membrane system to achieve the highest removalefficiency treatment. The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD),total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS),mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), and fats/oils after passingthrough the membrane system were 97%, 93.9%, 99.8%, 94.5%, 96.2%, and 99.9%,respectively. The results also showed that the pH could be neutralized to 6.18,while a dissolved oxygen (DO) level of 1.60 mg/L could be achieved. A highquality of effluent was obtained, which met the standards for POME effluent."

"The combination of baffled air flotation and a membrane system for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) was studied. The POME was obtained from a palm oil factory in PTPN I Tanjong Seumantoh, Aceh, Indonesia. Operation variables and conditions, such as the hydraulic retention time and air flow rates, were varied to find the optimum process. The air flotation process is able to reduce the concentration of suspended solids and fats/ oils contained in the wastewater, which increases the performance of the membrane by reducing clogging. The results showed that this method was promising for POME treatment. The optimum organic removal efficiency of the air flotation pretreatment was obtained at HRT = 5 days and at an air flow rate of 11 L/min. The effluent was subsequently passed through an anaerobic membrane system to achieve the highest removal efficiency treatment. The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), and fats/oils after passing through the membrane system were 97%, 93.9%, 99.8%, 94.5%, 96.2%, and 99.9%, respectively. The results also showed that the pH could be neutralized to 6.18, while a dissolved oxygen (DO) level of 1.60 mg/L could be achieved. A high quality of effluent was obtained, which met the standards for POME effluent."