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"ABSTRACTGlomalean fungi are natural resources commonly found in different natural ecosystems and associated with different potential forest, agriculture, horticulture and pasture plant. Natural resource exploitation may lead to ecosystem destruction and may affect population status of these fungi. The objective of this study is to determine the diversity of glomalean fungi and their inoculum potential in five land-use types, i.e.: forest, agroforest, "sengon" (Paraserianthes) plantation, cassava plantation and "alang-alang" (lmperata) at Kecamatan Tebo Ulu, Kecamatan Rantau Pandan, Kecamatan Muara Bungo, and Kecamatan Tebo Tengah, Bungo Tebo District, Jambi Province. Fifteen soil samples were collected from the five land-use types at a depth of 0 - 5 cm (K1) and 5 - 15 cm (K2). The glomalean fungi spores were extracted and isolated using wet sieving-decanting technique (Gerdemann, 1971) followed by sucrose centrifugation technique (Setiadi et al., 1992)_ isolated spores were identified by using the Manual for identification of VA mycorrhizal fungi (Schenck & Perez, 1990), and diversity glomalean fungi in each land-use type was analyzed using Shannon-Wiener Index, while their inoculum potential was assessed using most probable number (MPN) following procedure of Felmann & ldczak (1994). Degree of inoculum potential of the five land-use types was analyzed using varian one-way classification (Sakai & Rohlf, 1992). The results show that glomalean fungi population at the five land-use types varied. Among the six genera in the world, four genera of glomalean fungi i.e. (Glomus, Sclerocystls, Acaulospora, and Gigaspora) were found at all land-use types. Glomus spp. were dominant at the five land-use types. Genus of Gigaspora was only found at cassava plantation. Compared with the other land use types, number of species and spores found in cassava (9 species of glomalean fungi with 323 spores/100 g of sample) and in "alang-alang° (11 species with 318 spores/100 g of sample) were the highest at the value of diversity index (1,44) and (1,23) respectively. Spores of glomalean fungi increase gradually from undisturbed forest to degraded "alang-alang". Results also indicate that the inoculum potential of the five land-use types are different. Compared to the other land-use types, inoculum potential of "sengon" (39,5 active propagule/cm3 soil) and cassava plantation (37,75 active propagulelcm3 soil) were the highest. The results also show that the value of inoculum potential is not always positively correlated with the abundance of spores. Further research to determine the relationship between glomalean fungi diversity with their inoculum potential and the soil productivity is recommended. This approach can be used as an alternative strategy to improve sustainable agriculture development using microbial processes. "

"Enzim dari jamur merupakan enzim yang sangat potensial untuk mengatasi kendala teknis industri yang berhubungan dengan proses produksi. Salah satu sumber enzim adalah mikroorganisme termofilik yang banyak terdapat pada sumber air panas, salah satunya sumber air panas di Kabupaten Lombok, Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi, memurnikan, dan mengkarakterisasi lakase dari isolat jamur yang didapatkan dari penelitian sebelumnya. Jamur yang diperoleh, diremajakan kembali dalam medium potato dextrose agar (PDA). Isolate jamur kemudian dioptimasi pada 4 medium yang berbeda, selanjutnya disentrifugasi dengan kecepatan 3000 rpm pada suhu 4°C untuk memperoleh pellet. Pellet dimurnikan seacara parsial dengan ammonium sulfat dan dialisis menggunakan membran dialisis dengan ukuran MW cut-off 8000-14000 Da. Aktivitas enzim diukur menggunakan alat spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan 2.2'-azino-bis (3-etilbenzthiazolin-6-asam sulfonat) (ABTS) sebagai substrat pada panjang gelombang 420 nm. Pellet dengan aktivitas tertinggi selanjutnya di evaluasi karakternya yang meliputi pH, suhu, dan kinetika reaksi. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, peremajaan jamur yang optimal tumbuh pada suhu 35ºC, selanjutnya aktivitas tertinggi dengan nilai 8,8148 U/mL berasal dari medium 2 dengan pH optimum 5,0, suhu inkubasi optimal 30ºC, dan laju reaksi maksimum enzim (Vmaks) Lakase adalah 7,5851 μmol/mLmenit serta nilai konstanta Michaelis-Mentennya (Km) adalah 0,3816 μmol/mL. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa jamur yang tumbuh pada penelitian ini bukan jamur termofilik.

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Enzymes from fungi are enzymes that are highly potential to overcome industrial technical barriers related to the production process. One of the sources of enzymes is thermophilic microorganisms that are many found in hot water sources, one of which is hot water in Lombok,Indonesia. The study aims to produce, purify, and characterize lacase from fungal isolates obtained from previous studies. The resulting mushrooms are re-maintained in a medium of potato dextrose. (PDA). The fungus isolate was then optimized on 4 different media, then centrifugated at a speed of 3000 rpm at a temperature of 4°C to obtain pellets. The pellet is partially purified with ammonium sulfate and dialysed using a dialytic membrane with a MWcut-off size of 8000-14000 Da. Enzyme activity was measured using UV-Vis spectroscopic instrument with 2.2'- azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6-acid sulfonate) (ABTS) as a substrate ata wavelength of 420 nm. Pellets with the next highest activity in their character evaluation that includes pH, temperature, and reaction kinetics. Based on the results obtained, optimal fungalrejuvenation grows at a temperature of 35ºC, then the highest activity

with a value of 8.8148 U/mL comes from the medium 2 with an optimal pH of 5.0, the optimal incubation temperature of 30ºC, and the maximum enzyme reaction rate (Vmax) of Lakase is 7.5851 μmol/mlminute and the Michaelis-Menten constant value (Km) is 0.3816 μmol/mL. Therefore, it can be concluded that the mushrooms that grew in this study were not thermophilic fungi."