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"This book is a concise, easy to read professional text with a focus on practical aspects. All chapters include tables on sex/gender differences in symptoms and management and a series of suggestions to the novice in the field. Chapters are specialty-specific. The focus is not on women’s health, but the presentation of differences in clinical symptoms, management and outcomes in women and men. Gender Medicine strives to employ the knowledge about these differences to improve diagnosis, better understand pathogenesis and advance patient-oriented therapy."

"This book, a renowned group of leading researchers and physicians offers a comprehensive overview of the role of C-Peptide in type 1 diabetes. The book is organized in five sections. An Introductory section provides the background and key features of C-peptide?s physiological function and how its deficiency contributes to complications. The second section describes up-to-date information on the biochemical and molecular actions of C-peptide, including membrane binding, interactions with insulin as well as the interaction between C-peptide and zinc and effects on microvascular vasoreactivity. The third section summarizes in vivo animal studies of the type 1 diabetic complications. The fourth section reviews the clinical efforts of C-peptide on inflammation, cardiovascular complication, neuropathy and nephropathy. Finally, in the Conclusions section, a summary of the present state of C-peptide, outstanding questions, and the likely direction of the field are offered. "

"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit multisistemik yang melibatkan kaskade imunologi, inflamasi, dan koagulasi. Biomarker di sirkulasi yang dapat memberikan informasi mengenai kondisi inflamasi dan status imun dapat digunakan dalam mendiagnosis dan menilai prognosis pasien COVID-19. Parameter hematologi rutin, mudah dilakukan, biaya terjangkau dan cepat, sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi awal sistem imun pasien yang dapat dihubungkan dengan outcome penyakit. Nilai RNL, RML dan RTL dapat mendeteksi dini kecurigaan perburukan kondisi pasien COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain nested case-control yang melibatkan 206 data subjek yang terdiri atas 141 subjek luaran baik dan 65 subjek luaran buruk. Dijumpai perbedaan bermakna nilai RNL, RML dan RTL antara kelompok luaran baik dan buruk. Nilai titik potong optimal RNL, RML dan RTL berturut-turut adalah ≥5,43; ≥0,46 dan ≥196,34 untuk mendiskriminasi luaran buruk. Area Under Curve (AUC) untuk RNL adalah 0,825 (0,766-0,884), sensitivitas 76,9%, spesifisitas 73,8%; AUC RML 0,763 (0,692-0,833), sensitivitas 73,8%, spesifisitas 68,1% dan AUC RTL 0,617 (0,528-0,705), sensitivitas 63,1%, spesifisitas 60,3%. Usia >30 tahun (OR=2,59; IK95% 1,34-5,02), adanya komorbid (OR=2,21; IK95% 1,28-3,81), RNL ≥5,43 (OR=4,60; IK95% 2,07-10,26) dan RML ≥0,46 (OR=2,09; IK95% 0,93-4,67) berhubungan dengan luaran buruk pasien COVID-19.

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystemic disease involving immunologic, inflammatory, and coagulation cascades. Biomarkers in circulation which can provide information on inflammatory conditions and immune status can be used in diagnosing and assessing the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Hematology parameters are routinely performed, easy, affordable and fast, so it can provide preliminary information on the patient's immune system that linked to disease outcomes. NLR, MLR and TLR values can detect early suspicion of worsening conditions of COVID-19 patients. This study used a nested case-control design involving 206 subjects data consisting of 141 subjects with good outcomes and 65 subjects poor outcomes. A significant difference was found in the values of NLR, MLR and TLR between the two groups. The optimal cut-off point values of NLR, MLR and TLR were ≥5.43; ≥0.46 and ≥196.34, respectively, to discriminate against poor outcomes. The Area Under Curve (AUC) for NLR was 0.825 (0.66-0.884), sensitivity 76.9%, specificity 73.8%; MLR was 0.763 (0.692-0.833), sensitivity 73.8%, specificity 68.1% and TLR was 0.617 (0.528-0.705), sensitivity 63.1%, specificity 60.3%. Age >30 years (OR=2.59; 95% CI 1.34-5.02), presence of comorbidities (OR=2.21; 95% CI 1.28-3.81), NLR ≥5.43 (OR=4.60; 95% CI 2.07-10.26) and MLR ≥0.46 (OR=2.09; 95% CI 0.93-4.67) were associated with poor outcomes of COVID-19 patients."