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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memvalidasi batas-batas fauna pada tarsius di semenanjung utara Sulawesi serta mengukur dampak perubahan habitat khususnya aktivas perkebunan skala kecil dalam beberapa tahun terakhir terhadap keberlangsungan hidup tarsius. Studi dibagi menjadi tiga makalah yakni: 1) Analisis Kuantitatif Duet call Tarsius dari Survei Lapangan Mengungkap Bentuk Akustik Baru di Gorontalo (Indonesia); 2) Kerapatan Relatif Tarsius supriatnai pada Habitat Perkebunan dan Hutan Sekunder Bentang Alam Popayato-Paguat (Gorontalo, Indonesia); dan 3) Preferensi Habitat dan Site Fidelity Tarsius supriatnai di Area Perkebunan dan Hutan Sekunder Bentang Alam Popayato-Paguat (Gorontalo, Indonesia). Hasil analisis makalah pertama menemukan empat kelompok akustik yakni: Manado (Tarsius spectrumgurskyae), Gorontalo (T. supriatnai), Tinombo (T. wallacei) dan kelompok yang sebelumnya tidak diketahui tersebar di antara Manado dan Gorontalo, yang dinamakan Labanu. Hasil analisis menunjukkan batas fauna di sepanjang pantai selatan yakni Sungai Bone (antara bentuk akustik Manado dan Labanu), Sungai Paguyaman (antara bentuk Labanu dan Gorontalo), Sungai Palasa (antara bentuk Gorontalo dan Tinombo). Di sepanjang pantai utara ditemukan zona kontak melalui identifikasi kelompok sosial heterospesifik dalam satu spektogram. Hasil makalah kedua menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan relatif di habitat perkebunan adalah 0,38 kelompok/ha dan 0,70 kelompok/ha di hutan sekunder, kepadatan substrat pergerakan, NDSI dan ACI tertinggi ditemukan di hutan sekunder, sedangkan kelimpahan serangga paling banyak ditemukan di habitat perkebunan. Hasil makalah kedua menunjukkan bahwa Tarsius supriatnai dapat beradaptasi dengan habitat perkebunan dengan kepadatan yang jauh lebih rendah. Hasil makalah ketiga menunjukkan bahwa pada habitat perkebunan, tumbuhan dengan INP tertinggi bukan merupakan pohon sarang. Sementara pada hutan sekunder, tumbuhan dengan INP tertinggi pada tipe pertumbuhan pohon (Ficus virens) adalah pohon sarang. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa T. supriatnai sebagian besar menggunakan pohon sarang Bambusa vulgaris (26,32%) di areal perkebunan dan Schizostachyum lima dan Calamus zollingeri (28,57%) di hutan sekunder. Hasil survei juga menemukan bahwa 42,9% pohon sarang yang ditemukan pada tahun 2018 masih terus digunakan oleh T. supriatnai dalam lima tahun terakhir.

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This study aims to validate the boundaries of the tarsier fauna on the northern peninsula of Sulawesi and measure the impact of changes in habitat, especially small-scale plantation activities in recent years, on the survival of tarsiers. The study is divided into three papers, namely: 1) Quantitative Analysis of Tarsier Duet Calls from Field Surveys Reveals a New Acoustic Form in Gorontalo (Indonesia; 2) Relative Density of Tarsius supriatnai in Agricultural Habitat and Secondary Forest in the Popayato-Paguat Landscape (Gorontalo, Indonesia); and 3) Habitat Preference and Site Fidelity of Tarsius supriatnai in Agricultural Areas and Secondary Forest in the Popayato-Paguat Landscape (Gorontalo, Indonesia). The results of the analysis in the first paper found four acoustic groups, namely: Manado (Tarsius spectrumgurskyae), Gorontalo (T. supriatnai), Tinombo (T. wallacei) and a previously unknown group spread between Manado and Gorontalo, called Labanu. The results of the analysis show that the faunal boundaries along the south coast are the Bone River (between the Manado and Labanu acoustic forms), the Paguyaman River (between the Labanu and Gorontalo forms), the Palasa River (between the Gorontalo and Tinombo forms). Along the north coast, contact zones were found through the identification of heterospecific social groups in one spectrogram. The results of the second paper show that the relative density in agricultural habitat is 0.38 groups per ha and 0.70 groups per ha in secondary forest; the highest density of substrate movement, NDSI and ACI is found in secondary forest, while the abundance of insects is most commonly found in agricultural habitat. The results of the second paper show that Tarsius supriatnai can adapt to agricultural habitats with much lower densities. The results of the third paper show that in agricultaral habitats, plants with the highest IVI are not nest trees. Whereas in secondary forest, the plants with the highest IVI for tree growth species (Ficus virens) were nest trees. The results also showed that T. supriatnai mostly used bamboo nest trees (26.32%) in plantation areas and Schizostachyum lima and Calamus zollingeri (28.57%) in secondary forests. The survey results also found that 42.9% of the nest trees found in 2018 were still used by T. supriatnai in the last five years."

"The book describes the general stress responses in microorganisms, plants, and animals to abiotic and biotic, to natural and anthropogenic stressors. These stress responses include the activation of oxygen, the biotransformation system, the stress proteins, and the metal-binding proteins. The potential of stress response lies in the transcription of genes, whereas the actual response is manifested by proteins and metabolites. Yet, not all stress responses are in the genes : micro-RNAs and epigenetics play central roles. Multiple stressors, such as environmental realism, do not always act additively, they may even diminish one another. Furthermore, one stressor often prepares the subject for the next one to come and may produce extended lifespans and increased offspring numbers, thus causing shifts in population structures. This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of the ecological and evolutionary effects of stress."

"Heliconius butterflies have contributed hugely to our understanding of evolution over the last 150 years. These brightly coloured tropical butterflies are famous for their great diversity of wing patterns and also repeated convergence of pattern due to mimicry. The book explores their ecological relationships with Passiflora host plants, which provide an example of coevolution between host and herbivore. They also have coevolved relationships with cucurbit vines that provide a reliable source of pollen for the butterflies in return for pollination services. This has led to a shift in life history, with Heliconius characterized by a long lifespan and extended reproductive period compared to other butterflies. They also have large brains and unusual behaviours involving detailed spatial memory of their local environment. Their extraordinary diversity of wing patterns is controlled by a remarkably simple system of alternate alleles at just four major wing patterning genes. These genes regulate the development of patterning and colouration in the wing through regulatory changes that control expression of these key genes. These genes therefore offer insight into how developmental processes can evolve in rapid radiations, to produce such bewildering variety from just a few genetic building blocks. The alleles at these major patterning loci have been exchanged between species through adaptive introgression, offering a mechanism for convergent evolution through allele sharing. The genomes of sympatric species also show rampant evidence for genetic material exchanged through hybridization, which challenges our notions of species identity. Divergence in wing pattern also contributes to speciation. In summary, these butterflies have a well understood ecology, genetics, and behaviour, which offer some remarkable insights into tropical rainforest biodiversity and adaptive radiation."