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"Cell suspension culture could be defined as a process that allows rapidly dividing homogeneous suspension of cells to grow in liquid nutrient media. there are two main types of suspension cultures: (1) Batch cultures in which cells are nurtured in a fixed volume of medium until growth ceases and (2) continuous cultures in which cell growth is maintained by continuous replenishment of sterile nutrient media ... "

"Interaction of AtMEK1-EXGT in Arabidopsis thaliana after Wounding. Toto Hadiarto and Fumio Nanba. Protein interactions occur within cellular level of stimulated plant cells to relay signals from receptors to production of re- sponse. AtMEK1-EXGT interaction had been detected in non- treated Arabidopsis. In this research, interaction between AtMEK1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase of Arabidopsis thaliana, and EXGT, endoxyloglucan trans- ferase, after the plant was wounded was examined using co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro phosphorylation assay. The results demonstrated that EXGT interact with AtMEK1 soon after and 10 minutes after wounding. In addition, AtMEK1 phosphorylation activity increased when increased level of EXGT was incorporated into the reaction mixture. These indicate that EXGT amplifies wound-caused phos- phorylation activity of AtMEK1. The results elucidate part of the AtMEKK1-AtMEK1-AtMPK4 cascade which is stimulated by wounding. How the complex interaction between EXGT, AtMEK1 and AtMPK4 fits within the cascade is remained to be uncovered."

"Genetic Diversity of Rice Blast Fungus Pyricularia oryzae Based on a Specific Primer Pot-2 (Rep-PCR). Tasliah, Reflinur, and Masdiar Bustamam. Rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) is one of the most important diseases of rice. It can be very destructive in the field, when the environmental conditions are favourable. Information on genetic diversity of this pathogen could assist plant breeders in determining strategy for a successful control of the disease. This study was conducted to analyze genetic diversity in P. oryzae isolates by a pair of Pot-2 primers using the rep-PCR technique. These primers were designed from a transposon element of the entire blast fungus genomic DNA. DNA samples were extracted from 212 isolates of P. oryzae collected from two endemic areas of the disease in Indonesia, i.e., Tamanbogo, Lampung, and Sukabumi, West Java, as well as from some non-endemic areas in North Sumatra and West Sumatra). Results of the study indicated that the 212 isolates could clustered into 21 haplotypes. The most dominant haplotypes as indicated by their highest frequency of haplotypes were haplotype Pot 2-019 (54.46%) followed by haplotype Pot 2-021 (14.73%) and haplotipe Pot 2-016 (6.25%). Regardless of origins of the P. oryzae isolates, we found 6 haplotypes from Tamanbogo (out of 117 samples), 13 haplotypes from Sukabumi (out of 77 samples), and 11 haplotypes from North Sumatra and West Sumatra (out of 18 isolates). It seems that genetic diversity of the P. oryzae isolates was not affected by the total number of samples/isolates, but rather by place of the origin and rice genotypes from which the isolates were collected."

"This reference book provides information on plant cytogenetics. Topics covered by international experts include classical cytogenetics of plant genomes, plant chromosome structure, functional, molecular cytology; and genome dynamics. In addition, chapters are included on several methods in plant cytogenetics, informatics, and even laboratory exercises for aspiring or practiced instructors. The book provides a unique combination of historical and modern subject matter, revealing the central role of plant cytogenetics in plant genetics and genomics as currently practiced. "

"Agarwood or gaharu is a plant that has a high economic value in Asia, due to its use for production of incense and traditional medicines. The agarwood formation occurs in the trunk and roots of trees that have been infected by a fungus, such as acremonium spp ... "