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"Fifteen rhizopus oligosporus isolated were isolated from a number of tempeh samples obtained from Mataramm Jember an d Bogor Indonesia;...."

"The relationships among allium L. species remain complex. Certain species belonging to the genus allium are medically and economically important and as such merit phylogenetic analysis...."

"the availabilty of assisted reproductive technologies and advances in molecular biology gave rise to preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). PGD is an early form of prental diagnosis and determines the genotype of an embryo before implantation takes place to avoid the implantation of diseased embryos. this requires couples to adhere to a strict family planning and effective contraceptive strategy, and undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. during IVF, sampling of the cells can be performed at different developmental stages from polar body biopsy to trophectoderm cells from the blastocysts. it is indicated in couples with a family history of monogenic autosomal or X-linked recessive or dominant disorders and in detecting chromosomal aberrations of the embryos. the genetic diagnosis is performed using appropriate molecular testing which might include polymerase chain reaction, fluorescent in situ hybridization, comparative genomic hybridization or microarrays. PGD is now a wellestablished procedure and offers an alternative reproductive choice for couples who are at risk of an affected child. in this review, the past, present and future aspect of PGD will be covered. "

"Neuro fuzzy system has been shown to provide a good performance on chromosome classification but does not ofter a simple methods to obtain the accurate parameter values required to yield the best recognition rate....."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas mengenai optimasi jaringan pipa untuk distribusi gas. Nilai investasi yang terkecil merupakan tujuan dari optimasi. Hal ini dapat diperoleh dengan menggunakan diameter pipa yang paling sesuai untuk jaringan pipa dengan total cost yang paling rendah. Algoritma genetik merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan optimasi.

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Abstract

This thesis discusses the optimization of gas pipelines for distribution. The smallest investment value is the purpose of optimization. This can be obtained by using the most appropriate pipe diameter for the pipeline network and with the total lowest cost. Genetic algorithms are one of the methods that can be used to perform optimization."