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"In this book international experts highlight the most advanced techniques, both lab and field methods, and discuss them in detail. Measuring Roots combines academic and practical aspects of this topic, making it a universal handbook for all researchers and others interested in root-measuring methods."

"ABSTRAKAchyranthes aspera atau dalam Bahasa Indonesia biasa disebut Sangketan merupakan tumbuhan liar yang sering digunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Akar Achyranthes aspera ini dapat berkhasiat sebagai penyembuh luka dengan melibatkan peran arginase, arginin, dan metabolitnya yaitu nitrit oksida yang memengaruhi secara langsung proses penyembuhan luka tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dari ekstrak akar Achyranthes aspera dalam menghambat aktivitas arginase. Simplisia diekstraksi secara bertingkat dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol dengan metode ultrasound-assisted extraction. Ekstrak yang dihasilkan dari masing-masing pelarut kemudian diuji penghambatannya terhadap aktivitas arginase menggunakan metode kolorimetri dengan microplate, lalu dilakukan penetapan kadar fenol total dan kadar flavonoid total. Uji penghambatan aktivitas arginase oleh ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol pada konsentrasi 100 g/ml secara berurutan adalah 9,56; 17,58; dan 29,77; kandungan fenol total secara berurutan adalah 3,91; 4,83; dan 11,18 mgGAE/gram sampel serta kandungan flavonoid total secara berurutan adalah 0,29; 0,80; dan 0,88 mgQE/gram sampel. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak akar Achyranthes aspera memiliki potensi penghambatan aktivitas arginase yang rendah.

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ABSTRACTAchyranthes aspera, or commonly called as Sangketan in Indonesian is a wild plant that is used as a traditional medicine. The roots of Achyranthes aspera can be used as a wound healer by involving the role of arginine and its metabolites, nitric oxide, that directly affect the wound healing process itself. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of Achyranthes aspera roots extract in inhibiting arginase activity. The simplicia is extracted using ultrasound assisted extraction method with n hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent. Each extract from different solvents were tested for the inhibition of arginase activity using colorimetric method with microplate, determination of total phenolic concentration, and total flavonoid concentration. The results of inhibition test of arginase activity by n hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract in sequence are 9.56, 17.58 and 29.77 at concentration of 100 g/ml the total phenol concentration in sequence are 3.91 4.83 dan 11.18 mgGAE gram of sample and the total flavonoid concentration in sequence are 0.29 0.80 and 0.88 mgQE gram of sample. From this research it can be concluded that Achyranthes aspera roots extract had low potency of arginase inhibitory activity."

"The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a group of bacteria capable of colonizing plants roots, thereby developing a system and improving plants growth and yield. The objectives of the study is to characterize the PGPR activities of several bacterial isolates {in-vitro screening), to examine their activities in stimulating soybean growth (in-vivo screening), and to identify the bacterial species. These were isolated from nodules and soil samples collected from Mount Pancar in Bogor, West Java Province as well as from Bangkirai Hill and Wain River in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The in-vitro PGPR activity characterization includes the N-fixing ability, ACC-deaminase, indole acetic acid (IAA) production, cellulolytic activity, P-solubilization, Phosphomonoesterase (PME-ase), and nifH-gene detection. The in-vivo PGPR activity with the greenhouse assay was conducted on soybean plant {Glycine max L.). All bacterial isolates were identified using molecular methods based on nucleotide sequence generated from 16S rRNA gene. Three isolates of soil and nodule bacteria with 7 characteristics of PGPR (N2 fixation, ACC-deaminase, cellulolytic activity, IAA production, solubilization index, P available, and PMEase activity) were successfully identified. These isolates were B045 {Klebsiella variicola InaCC B827), B116 (Klebsiella sp. InaCC B833), and B210 {Mangrovibacterplantisponsorlaa.CC B841). The greenhouse assay showed that the plant height, plant dry weight and number of flowers in soybean seedlings significantly increased with Bradyrhispbium sp. strain 4167, then with Klebsiella sp. InaCC B833 and Mangrovibacterplantisponsor InaCC B841. These bacterial isolates which were characterized and screened in-vitro for PGPR potentials and their representative isolates which were identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis are key factors for selecting PGPR isolates to be commercialized later as bio-stimulant."