Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Pengembangan dan penelitian suatu proses untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada sumber fosil merupakan tema penting untuk memantapkan keberlangsungan sistem industri kimia di masa depan. Salah satu alternatif yang perlu dipertimbangkan adalah adanya berbagai bentuk sumber senyawa organik yang berasal dari material biomasa,k arena jenis material ini dapat terbaharui dari hasil fotosintesa melalui proses fiksasi karbon dioksida dan penangkapan energi matahari. Potensi material ini sangat prospektif sebagai sumber awal hidrokarbon baik sebagai bahan bakar maupun bahan kimia seperti LPG dan senyawa aromatik. Namun, rute proses melalui senyawa organik turunan biomasa menjadi hidrokarbon menggunakan proses katalitik dengan HZSM-5 sebagai katalis dengan memanfaatkan persenyawaan organik hasil fermentasi (aseton, butanol, alkohol) ataupun senyawa hasil pirolisis biomasa masih jarang dikembangkan. Sehingga apabila teknologi berbasis biomasa tersebut dapat berperan penting di masa mendatang, maka teknologi ini dapat memberikan kontribusi suatu sistem daur-ulang material yang lebih langgeng, mengurangi pengaruh beban pemanasan global akibat gas CO2. Serta dapat mencanangkan perubahan paradigma posisi minyak bumi sebagai sumber energi utama menjadi energi alternatif serta menjadikan aktivitas energy -hunting kearah energy -farming.

---

The exploration and development of a promising process to reduce the dependency on fossil resources is an important issue for establishing a sustainable system of chemical industry in the future. An alternative option should be decided on the various form of biomass resources, because these materials are the results of botanical photosynthesis by fixation of carbon dioxide and solar energy in botanical activities as considered to be high potential usage as starting materials of resources. These kind of renewable resources are expected to be able to create many alternative routes for production of hydrocarbons for fuel and chemicals such as LPG (C3-C4hydrocarbons), aromatic chemicals hydrocarbons. However, a little attention has been given to the applications of HZSM -5 in efforts to find aromatic chemicals with utilization of hydrocarbons that come from the biomass -derived chemicals such as fermentation products (acetone, butanol), biomass - derived oil. If so, the biomass -based technology should play an important role for establishing a sustainable system of material recycle, free from CO2 global warming effect in the future. And the paradigm should be changed the position of petroleum oi l as main energy resource into the alternative energy resource."

"Prof. Baev presents in his book the development of the thermodynamic theory of specific intermolecular interactions for a wide spectrum of organic compounds: ethers, ketones, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and hydrocarbons. The fundamentals of an unconventional approach to the theory of H-bonding and specific interactions are formulated based on a concept of pentacoordinate carbon atoms. New types of hydrogen bonds and specific interactions are substantiated and on the basis of the developed methodology their energies are determined. The system of interconnected quantitative characteristics of the stability of specific intermolecular interactions is presented. The laws of their transformations are discussed and summarized. The new concept of the extra stabilizing effect of isomeric methyl groups on the structure and stability of organic molecules is introduced and the destabilization action on specific interactions is outlined."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik material untuk pengganti fantom polymethyl methacrylate PMMA dan fantom air dengan menggunakan metode dual-energy computed tomography DECT dan metode analisis stoikiometri. Metode DECT dilakukan dengan memindai sampel menggunakan dua jenis energi yaitu 80 kV dan 130 kV, sedangkan metode analisis stoikiometri dilakukan melalui uji energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy EDX untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai komposisi atomnya. Material yang digunakan untuk membuat sampel terdiri dari bahan organik lilin Gondorukem, lilin Cecek, dan tepung beras yang komposisinya divariasikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Parameter yang digunakan sebagai alat untuk mengkarakterisasi sampel adalah CT number Hounsfield Unit, densitas massa, densitas elektron, dan nomor atom efektif Zeff. Metode DECT menunjukkan hasil yang lebih akurat dibandingkan dengan metode analisis stoikiometri dengan kesalahan literatur kurang dari 4, kecuali untuk Zeff pada sampel ekuivalen-air dengan kesalahan literatur 22,22. Hasilnya, sampel ekuivalen-PMMA dinilai memiliki karakteristik yang serupa dengan PMMA, namun sampel ekuivalen-air dinilai belum memiliki karakteristik yang serupa pada energi rendah.

---

The purpose of this research is to obtain information of the material characteristics of polymethyl methacrylate PMMA phantom and water phantom replacement using dual energy computed tomography DECT method and stoichiometry analysis method. DECT method is performed by scanning the samples using two types of energy 80 kV and 130 kV, and stoichiometry analysis is performed by using the Energy Dispersive X ray Spectroscopy EDX to obtain the atomic composition of the sample. The basic material used to produce the samples are made from organic materials Gondorukem wax, Cecek wax, and rice flour, which compositions are varied according to the required material equivalent needed. The parameters used to characterize the sample are CT number Hounsfield Unit, mass density, electron density e, and effective atomic number Zeff. DECT method shows more accurate results compared to stoichiometry analysis method with the literature error less than 4, except for the Zeff for water equivalent sample that have 22,22 of literature error. The final results show the equivalent PMMA sample has similar characteristics to the PMMA, yet the water equivalent does not have similar characteristics with water in a low energy. "