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"A country always wants a constant and high quality growth in economy so that its people will prosper. Economic growth requires improvement in productivity which could be accomplished by using the output approach. This approach is done by increasing Gross Domestic Product through the increase of capital inflow to be invested. Primarily, the source of investment comes from the national savings. However, if insufficient, capital can be collected from foreign investors in the from of foreign direct investment (FDI), Recently, the 2008-2009 global economic crisis faced by almost all countries throughout the world has brought a negative impact on the global FDI trend. Looking at recovery signals of this crisis, Indonesia should take advantage of this momentum by eliminating its weaknesses and limiting external impediments which could negatively impact the process of attracting FDI. This article aims to analyze steps that need to be taken by the Indonesian government in order to increase the FDI inflows to Indonesia after the 2008-2009 global financial crisis. "

"The latest global financial crisis was not merely provoked by the fate of the United States (US) financial and economic system. At a wider perspective, it is indeed a result of crisis in global governance which was caused by the exclusivity of state members playing role as decision makers in world economic and financial sector, and the weakness of surveillance as well as regulation concerning the dynamics of financial sector at the global stage. G20, therefore, has been a significant forum to respond to the global financial crisis and as an effort to establish a new world economic order that can cope with the dynamics of international changes. This writing is aimed to highlights: (i) The focus of Indonesian economic diplomacy within the G20 forum during the 2008-2009 global financial crisis; (ii) The opportunities and challenges that Indonesia faces in G20 during the crisis; and (iii) The implementation of global governance concept in international relations in the framework of G20."

"Krisis ekonomi Asia 1997 merupakan momentum penting dalam sejarah pembangunan ekonomi Korea Selatan. Tidak hanya membawa kemunduran bagi perekonomian nasional, fenomena tersebut juga diikuti dengan perubahan orientasi kebijakan ekonomi dari bisnis besar atau chaebol menuju Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Sebelum krisis, FDI merupakan hal yang dikontrol ketat oleh pemerintah. Perekonomian Korea Selatan sebelum krisis identik dengan nasionalisme ekonomi. Perubahan ini juga dianggap signfikan karena menjadi perwujudan proses liberalisasi ekonomi Korea Selatan. Oleh karena itu, kehadiran FDI dalam skema ekonomi Korea Selatan menghadirkan dinamika yang sama sekali baru. Masuknya FDI menjadi penanda bagi dimulainya dinamika baru dalam hubungan negara dan bisnis serta liberalisasi ekonomi Korea Selatan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan signifikansi topik ini dalam kajian Ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Untuk itu, penulis melakukan tinjauan kepustakaan terhadap FDI Korea Selatan pasca krisis ekonomi Asia 1997. Penulis memetakan literatur dengan terlebih dahulu membagi waktu setelah krisis dalam dua periode. Periode pertama merujuk pada masa-masa awal krisis dimana FDI digunakan sebagai instrumen penanggulangan krisis. Periode kedua merujuk pada masa setelah tercapainya stabilisasi ekonomi ketika FDI menjadi bagian dari kebijakan ekonomi Korea Selatan. Pada masing-masing periode, penulis membahas aspek kebijakan, implementasi kebijakan, dan dampak yang ditimbulkan. Melalui tinjauan kepustakaan ini, penulis menemukan bahwa (1) pemberlakukan reformasi kebijakan FDI menghasilkan pergeseran power dari chaebol kepada pemerintah; (2) penguatan FDI sebagai komponen kebijakan ekonomi Korea Selatan menandai liberalisasi ekonomi Korea Selatan; (3) terjadi perubahan signifikansi FDI seiring dengan berakhirnya krisis. Kesenjangan literatur yang penulis temukan berkaitan dengan peran IMF dalam penyebaran liberalisasi ekonomi Korea Selatan, interaksi antar aktor, dan peran FDI dalam keterhubungan ekonomi antar negara. 

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The 1997 Asian economic crisis holds a significance in South Korea’s economic development history. Not only did it bring a setback to the economy, but the crisis also brought upon a change in South Korea’s economic policy orientation from the business conglomerates or chaebols to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Prior to the crisis, FDI had been put under the strict control of the government. South Korea’s economy has been known for its economic nationalism. Hence, the involvement of FDI in South Korea’s economy brought upon new dynamics. It portrayed the start of new dynamics in the state-business relations and embodies the liberalization process of South Korea’s economy. Overall, the effects created by the reform on FDI related policies shows the significance of this topic in international relations studies. To understand the topic better the author conducted a literature review on South Korea’s FDI post the 1997 Asian economic crisis. First, the author divides the time after the crisis into two periods. The first period refers to the early time of the crisis in which FDI was utilized as a countermeasure to the crisis. The second period refers to the time when economic stabilization post crisis had been achieved, in which FDI became an integral part of South Korea’s economic policy. The author then discusses the policy, the policy implementation, and the impact. Through the process of literature review, the author finds that (1) the implementation of FDI related policy reform has resulted in the shift of power from chaebols to the state; (2) the integration of FDI as a part of South Korea’s economic policy signified the liberalization process of South Korea economy; (3) a change of FDI significance to the economy occurred as the economy stabilized post crisis. The literature gap that the author finds is related to the role of the IMF as an international institution in spreading the ideas of liberal economy to South Korea, the interactions between actors, and the role of FDI in economic linkages between countries. "

"ABSTRACTPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apa saja determinan dari Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) dan bagaimana pengaruh infrastruktur akses ICT, yang merupakan bagian dari ekonomi digital, terhadap FDI di ASEAN. Untuk mengukur pembangunan infrastruktur akses ICT, digunakan sub-indeks akses ICT, bagian dari ICT Development Index (IDI). Model regresi yang digunakan adalah model fixed effect. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) dan juga persentase sumber daya alam terhadap GDP, merupakan variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan untuk menjadi determinan dari FDI. Sementara itu, akses ICT memiliki koefisien positif namun tidak signifikan sebagai determinan FDI.

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ABSTRACTThis research aims to observe the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and how, ICT access infrastructure, which is part of digital economy, affecting FDI in ASEAN. To measure the development of ICT access infrastructure, access sub-index, part of ICT Development Index (IDI), is being used. Regression model used for this research is fixed effect model. The result shows that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and share of natural resources to GDP, are two variables that significant as determinants for FDI. Meanwhile, ICT access has positive coefficient, but not significant as a determinant of FDI."

"ABSTRAKSelama 2003 hingga 2017 terjadi peningkatan jumlah ruas jalan tol yang diusahakan melalui skema kerjasama pemerintah dan badan usaha KPBU . Kerjasama ini dimungkinkan melalui empat skema investasi yang dibagi berdasarkan partisipasi badan usaha dalam proses konstruksi maupun pengoperasian jalan. Menggunakan pendekatan model matematika dan empiris, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proyeksi lalu lintas dan produk domestik regional bruto PDRB berpotensi menaikkan peluang partisipasi investor dalam proses pembangunan jalan tol. Sementara itu, faktor biaya investasi termasuk biaya konstruksi dan kepadatan penduduk berpengaruh negatif terhadap peluang partisipasi. Adapun faktor tarif awal memiliki pengaruh non-liner terhadap peluang partisipasi investor dalam proses pembangunan jalan.

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ABSTRACTBetween 2003 to 2017, there has been an increase in the number of toll roads being built by means of partnership between public and private sector PPP public private partnership . These partnerships are made possible by the four investment schemes that divide the responsibility on land acquirement and construction costs between partners. Findings from this study suggest that traffic projection and regional GDP have positive effects on the probability of private participation in toll road projects. On the other hand, investment costs including construction costs and population density have negative effects on the private participation. Meanwhile, the initial toll tariff seems to have non linear relationship with the probability of private participation in the road construction."

"ABSTRAKStudi ini mengidentifikasi keberadaan behavioral bias di pasar saham Indonesia dan mengkaji dampak behavioral bias terhadap performa investasi individual. Secara khusus, kami menemukan behavioral bias investor individual berupa overconfidence bias, loss-aversion bias, anchoring and adjustment bias, mental accounting bias dan confirmation bias. Mental accounting bias, confirmation bias dan anchoring and adjustment bias yang berkaitan dengan cognitive error menunjukkan korelasi yang signifikan terhadap tingkat pendidikan. Pada penelitian ini kami juga menemukan bahwa confirmation bias dan mental accounting bias memiliki hubungan yang positif pada performa investasi, sedangkan loss-aversion bias and anchoring and adjustment bias memiliki hubungan negatif yang signifikan terhadap performa unvestasi.

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ABSTRACTThis study identifies the existence of behavioral biases in the Indonesian stock market and to examine the effect of the behavioral bias on individual investment performance. To be specific, we find that individual investors in Indonesia have behavioral biases of overconfidence bias, loss-aversion bias, anchoring and adjustment bias, mental accounting bias and confirmation bias. The mental accounting bias, confirmation bias and anchoring and adjustment bias associated with cognitive error showed a statistically significant correlation with the level of education. Finally, we find that confirmation bias and mental accounting bias are positive relationship with investment performance, whereas loss-aversion bias and anchoring and adjustment bias are negative significant relationship with investment performance."

"Indonesia bertujuan untuk menjadi negara berpenghasilan tinggi pada tahun 2045 yang mengharuskan negara untuk mentransformasi perekonomiannya. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan sektor manufaktur adalah dengan menggunakan penanaman modal asing. Selain itu, penanaman modal asing diyakini dapat mentransfer teknologi ke negara penerima. Dengan menggunakan fixed effect, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa teknologi transfer investasi asing langsung ke Indonesia terlihat pada tingkat produktivitas yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tenaga kerja, produksi, dan modal sebagai saluran mekanisme transfer teknologi di Indonesia. Selain itu, inovasi memengaruhi transfer teknologi sementara tidak terdapat bukti yang kuat untuk mendukung dampak dari penelitian dan pengembangan.

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Indonesia aims to be a high-income country in 2045, which requires it to transform its economy. One of the ways is by increasing the manufacturing sector using foreign direct investment. In addition, foreign direct investment is believed to transfer technology to the receiving country. By using fixed effect, this study found that foreign direct investment transfer technology to Indonesia which is seen in higher productivity levels. This research discovered that employment, production, and capital as the channel of transfer technology in Indonesia. Furthermore, innovation is found to affect technology transfer, while no evidence is found to support the impact of research and development."