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"Kemajuan teknologi informasi kini telah dapat membuat kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence) yang masuk pada berbagai bidang teknologi, salah satunya yaitu sistem video surveillance. Terintegrasinya sistem video surveillance dengan artificial intelligence membuat sistem dapat melakukan analisis secara otomatis sesuai kebutuhan dari penggunanya yang dapat membantu dalam penegakan hukum, perlindungan keamanan, analisis bisnis, analisis lalu lintas, dan berbagai kegiatan lain dalam implementasinya. Selain memiliki banyak manfaat, dalam penggunaan dan penyelenggaraan sistem video surveillance terdapat dampak negatif pula yang sedang diperdebatkan yaitu isu mengenai privasi, keamanan nasional dan keadilan sosial. Hal ini dapat merugikan tidak hanya individu, namun juga masyarakat keseluruhan bahkan Negara. Belum ada pengaturan yang secara jelas dan eksplisit mengatur mengenai sistem video surveillance di Indonesia, maka dari itu penulis perlu menganalisis secara mendalam peraturan- peraturan di Indonesia dari segi penyelenggara usaha layanan sistem video surveillance yang dikaitkan dengan kewenangan negara mengatur penyelenggaraan usaha, sebab penyelenggaraan usaha juga akan berujung pada penggunaan sistem video surveillance. Penelitian ini bersifat preskriptif dengan pendekatan yuridis-normatif. Di Indonesia pengaturan jasa layanan sistem video surveillance terbagi dalam beberapa klasifikasi usaha yaitu sebagai perdagangan sistem video surveillance, penyelenggara sistem elektronik dan penyelenggara sistem keamanan dengan masing-masing peraturan serta otoritas kewenangan Negara yang menaunginya. Selain itu penulis juga memberikan solusi pengaturan sistem video surveillance yang dirasakan dapat menyeimbangkan kepentingan masing-masing pihak dalam penggunaan dan penyelenggaraan sistem video surveillance yang dianalisis berdasarkan peraturan-peraturan sistem video surveillance pada beberapa Negara.

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The advance of information technology today has integrated the artificial intelligence into several sectors of technology, including the surveillance video system. The integration of video surveillance system with artificial intelligence makes the system able to perform automated analysis according to the needs of its users which can assist in law enforcement, security protection, business analysis, traffic analysis, and various other activities in its implementation. In addition to having many benefits, in the use and organization of video surveillance system there are also negative impacts that are being debated issues of privacy, national security and social justice. It will not only harm the individuals, but also the entire society even the State. There is no clear and explicit regulations on video surveillance system in Indonesia, therefore the writer needs to deeply analyze the regulations in Indonesia in terms of business service provider of video surveillance system which is associated with the state authority to manage the business, because the business will lead to the use of video surveillance systems. This research is prescriptive with juridical-normative approach. In Indonesia the arrangement of video surveillance system services is divided into several business classifications as trading of video surveillance system, electronic system providers and security system providers with their respective rules and authority of the State authority that oversees them. In addition, the authors also provide video surveillance system arrangement solutions that are perceived to balance the interests of each party in the use and organization of video surveillance systems that are analyzed based on video surveillance system regulations in some countries."

"PT Telkom sebagai perusahaan telekomunikasi terbesar di Indonesia dengan portofolio bisnis TIMES (Telecommunication, Information, Media, Edutainment, Services) sedang merencanakan implementasi suatu platform yang dapat memberikan solusi terhadap kebutuhan Big Data Video Surveillance Analytic di Indonesia. Dengan adanya kerjasama dengan pihak PT Jasa Marga dalam bentuk pemasangan CCTV di beberapa titik di jalan tol, PT Telkom memulai penelitian Video Surveillance Analytic dalam bentuk pengembangan sistem otomasi analisis trafik. Berlatar belakang masalah tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan desain dan sekaligus mengimplementasikan solusi Video Surveillance Analytic untuk menghitung jumlah kendaraan di jalan tol. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa notebook untuk mengimplementasikan desain dalam skala kecil. Sumber data penelitian berasal dari data video rekaman CCTV di jalan tol yang dimiliki DDS (Divisi Digital Service). Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metodologi observasi literatur dan metodologi pengembangan sistem menggunakan metodologi waterfall. Dari hasil wawancara, studi literatur, dan observasi, desain Video Surveillance Analytic yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan PT Telkom adalah sistem yang memiliki arsitektur terpusat menggunakan teknologi Spark. Desain sistem terdiri dari 3 blok yaitu blok masukan Video Streaming, blok Video Stream Collector, dan blok Video Stream Processor. Pengembangan sistem menggunakan bahasa pemograman Java dengan library OpenCV sebagai pengolah video, Spark berfungsi sebagai pemroses data streaming serta algoritma GMM (Gaussian Mixture Model) sebagai algoritma pendeteksi gerak. Metode analisis data menggunakan rumus akurasi deteksi. Hasil analisis data menyatakan bahwa tingkat akurasi penghitungan jumlah kendaraan pada kondisi pagi hari mencapai 98%, pada kondisi siang hari mencapai 94%, pada kondisi malam hari mencapai 50,83% dan pada kondisi macet siang hari mencapai 42,5%. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kurangnya tingkat presisi adalah pencahayaan yang kurang, dan objek bergerak yang tampak berhimpitan (trafik macet). Penelitian ini menjadi awal yang baik bagi perusahaan dalam pengembangan teknologi Spark dan video analytic dalam skala yang lebih besar.

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PT Telkom as the largest telecommunications company in Indonesia with a TIMES business portfolio (Telecommunication, Information, Media, Edutainment, Services) is planning the implementation of a platform that can provide solutions to the needs of Big Data Video Surveillance Analytic in Indonesia. With the cooperation with PT Jasa Marga in the form of CCTV installation at several points on the toll road, PT Telkom began research on Video Surveillance Analytic in the form of developing a traffic analysis automation system. Against the background of this problem, this research aims to obtain a design and simultaneously implement a Video Surveillance Analytic solution to count the number of vehicles on the toll road. This research uses a research instrument in the form of a notebook to implement designs on a small scale. The source of the research data came from CCTV recorded video data on the toll road owned by DDS (Digital Service Division). The research methodology used is the literature observation methodology and system development methodology using the waterfall methodology. From interviews, literature studies, and observations, Video Surveillance Analytic design that suits PT Telkom's needs is a system that has a centralized architecture using Spark technology. The system design consists of 3 blocks namely the Video Streaming input block, the Video Stream Collector block, and the Video Stream Processor block. Development of the system uses the Java programming language with the OpenCV library as a video processor, Spark functions as a data streaming processor and the GMM (Gaussian Mixture Model) algorithm as a motion detection algorithm. The data analysis method uses the detection accuracy formula. The results of data analysis stated that the accuracy of the calculation of the number of vehicles in the morning conditions reached 98%, during the daytime conditions reached 94%, at night conditions reached 50.83% and in the daytime traffic jam conditions reached 42.5%. Factors affecting the lack of precision are low lighting and moving objects that appear coincide (traffic jam). This research is a good start for the company in developing Spark technology and video analytics on a larger scale. 

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"Conventional video surveillance, where people sit in front of banks of TV monitors may soon become obsolete as key enabling technologies develop. This book details recent developments in machine vision algorithms capable of handling complex visual data acquired by camera systems. It also explores advances in distributed computing and distributed intelligence systems, capable of handling numerous devices and adapting to the evolution of the complex communication networks, thereby inferring a better interpretation of the dynamics of people and objects."

"Denecke’s objective is to introduce the multiple possibilities and facets of surveillance and its applications. She first introduces the task of surveillance and provides an overview on surveillance in various domains. Next, the various information sources that are available and could already be used by surveillance systems are summarized. In the main part of the book, her focus is on unstructured data as a source for surveillance. An overview on existing methods as well as methods to be developed in order to process this kind of data with respect to surveillance is presented. As an example application, she introduces disease surveillance using Web 2.0, including corresponding methods and challenges to be addressed. The book closes with remarks on new possibilities for surveillance gained by recent developments of the Internet and mobile communication, and with an outline of future challenges."

"Peningkatan pengguna internet di Indonesia memunculkan masalah baru mengenai barang yang diperjualbelikan oleh penjual (merchant) dalam sistem yang ditawarkan oleh pihak penyelenggara marketplace. Beragamnya barang dalam platform marketplace bahkan mencakup barang yang seharusnya tidak diperjualbelikan secara bebas contohnya beberapa perangkat surveillance. Rekaman melalui perangkat surveillance dapat dilaksanakan dengan proses yang tanpa didasari persetujuan dari pihak yang direkam dan dapat mengandung informasi bersifat pribadi sehingga mengancam eksistensi hak privasi. Sepatutnya penggunaan perangkat surveillance mempertimbangkan metode yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan suatu informasi atau data yang bersifat pribadi seharusnya melalui cara yang adil dan tidak menyalahi ketentuan hukum. Dibutuhkan kerjasama berbagai pihak mengingat potensi masalah tersebut tidak lepas dari hubungan saling terkait antara para pihak yaitu negara atau Pemerintah; marketplace atau penyedia Platform; pemilik toko daring/Penjual/seller/merchant; dan Pembeli. Kehadiran negara mengawasi peredaran beberapa jenis perangkat surveillance penting adanya. Keadaan diperburuk dengan tidak dilaksanakannya berbagai prinsip dan kewajiban dalam penyelenggaraan sistem elektronik oleh marketplace menyikapi penjual (merchant) yang memperjualbelikan produk tersebut. Perlu dikaji mengenai regulasi yang mendasari pelaksanaan kegiatan surveillance dan penggunaan perangkat surveillance di Indonesia dan aktivitas perdagangan perangkat tersebut dikaitkan dengan eksistensi pelindungan hak privasi masyarakat di Indonesia serta menganalisa tanggung jawab hukum marketplace. Pendekatan dalam kajian ini adalah dengan metode yuridis normatif.

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The increase in internet users in Indonesia raises new problems regarding goods traded by sellers (merchants) in the system offered by the marketplace organizer. The variety of goods in the marketplace platform even includes goods that should not be freely traded, for example some surveillance devices. Recording through surveillance devices can be carried out with a process that is not based on the consent of the recorded party and may contain personal information that threatens the existence of privacy rights. The use of surveillance equipment should consider the method used to obtain information or personal data that should be in a fair manner and not violate legal provisions. The cooperation of various parties is needed considering that the potential problem cannot be separated from the interrelated relationship between the parties, namely the state or the Government; marketplace or Platform provider; online shop owner/seller/seller/merchant; and Buyers. The presence of the state oversees the circulation of several types of important surveillance equipment. The situation is exacerbated by the non-implementation of various principles and obligations in the implementation of the electronic system by the marketplace in response to the seller (merchant) who trades the product. It is necessary to study the regulations that underlie the implementation of surveillance activities and the use of surveillance equipment in Indonesia and the trading activities of these devices are related to the existence of protecting the privacy rights of the people in Indonesia as well as analyzing the legal responsibilities of the marketplace. The approach in this study is the normative juridical method."

"Closed Circuit TeleVision (CCTV) cameras have been increasingly deployed pervasively in public spaces including retail centres and shopping malls. Intelligent video analytics aims to automatically analyze content of massive amount of public space video data and has been one of the most active areas of computer vision research in the last two decades. Current focus of video analytics research has been largely on detecting alarm events and abnormal behaviours for public safety and security applications. However, increasingly CCTV installations have also been exploited for gathering and analyzing business intelligence information, in order to enhance marketing and operational efficiency. For example, in retail environments, surveillance cameras can be utilised to collect statistical information about shopping behaviour and preference for marketing (e.g., how many people entered a shop; how many females/males or which age groups of people showed interests to a particular product; how long did they stay in the shop; and what are the frequent paths), and to measure operational efficiency for improving customer experience. Video analytics has the enormous potential for non-security oriented commercial applications. This book presents the latest developments on video analytics for business intelligence applications. It provides both academic and commercial practitioners an understanding of the state-of-the-art and a resource for potential applications and successful practice."