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"This book provide a concise lucid depiction of the human nervous system. The book incorporates recent advances in neurobiology and molecular biology. Several chapters have been substantially revised. These include development and growth, blood circulation and imaging, cranial nerves and chemical senses, auditory and vestibular systems, visual system, and cerebral cortex. Topics such as neural regeneration, plasticity and brain imaging are discussed. Each edition of The human nervous system has featured a set of outstanding illustrations."

"Nyeri punggung bawah acute merupakan keluhan terbanyak kelima di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan di Amerika Serikat, dan 30% berkembang menjadi nyeri kronis. Sebesar 60-90% penduduk Amerika Serikat mempunyai keluhan nyeri punggung bawah, dan 50% diantaranya mengeluhkan nyeri yang berulang dalam satu tahun. Nyeri punggung bawah memiliki efek psikologis dan sosial terhadap pasien. Secara ekonomi nyeri punggung bawah ini membebani negara terkait biaya yang harus dikeluarkan dalam penanganan nyeri punggung bawah. Penilaian derajat nyeri penting dilakukan pada setiap pasien dengan keluhan nyeri punggung bawah dan American Pain Society menetapkan menyertakan nyeri sebagai tanda vital kelima dalam pemeriksaan terhadap nyeri punggung bawah sejak tahun 1990. Penilaian terhadap nyeri memberikan informasi yang lebih baik terhadap efek terapi, atau keberhasilan dari terapi nyeri.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil evaluasi derajat nyeri dengan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pada kasus nyeri punggung bagian bawah (low back pain) yang mendapat intervensi nyeri di Departemen Bedah Saraf RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta tahun 2012 -2014. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan desain Cross Sectional Analitik, terhadap data sekunder berupa data rekam medis pasien dengan kasus nyeri punggung bawah yang berkunjung ke poliklinik Bedah Saraf Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, dalam periode tahun 2012 sampai dengan tahun 2014. Responden dalam penelitian ini berusia 17 tahun ke atas. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat.Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh 57,2% pasien nyeri punggung bawah yang mendapat intervensi nyeri berusia 40 - 59 tahun, dan 52,4% diantaranya berjenis kelamin perempuan. Dari hasil pemeriksaan MRI didapatkan 66,7% dengan gambaran protrusion diskus dengan penekanan. Sebesar 71,4% pasien mendapatkan terapi kombinasi LESI dan MBN dan 95,2% pasien yang mendapatkan intervensi nyeri mengalami perbaikan skala nyeri dan dapat bertahan sampai dengan 1 tahun. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara gambaran MRI dengan prosedur intervensi nyeri dan jenis nyeri, tapi terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jenis nyeri dengan prosedur intervensi nyeri.

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Acute lower back pain is the fifth most complaints in health care facilities in the United States, and 30% develop into chronic pain. Amounting to 60-90% of the US population has low back pain, and 50% of them complained of recurring pain in one year. Lower back pain has psychological and social effects on patients. Economically lower back pain is related to the state burdening costs to be incurred in the treatment of lower back pain. Assessment of the degree of pain is important in any patient with low back pain and the American Pain Society set to include pain as the fifth vital sign in the examination of lower back pain since 1990. Assessment of pain provide better information to the therapeutic effect, or the success of therapy pain.

This study aims to know the results of the evaluation of the degree of pain with Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) in the case of lower back pain (low back pain) who received the intervention of pain in the Department of Neurosurgery Cipto Mangunkusumo in 2012 -2014. The study was conducted using Analytical cross sectional design, due to the secondary data from medical records of patients with low back pain who visited the clinic Neurosurgery Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta, in the period of 2012 to 2014. The respondents in this study aged 17 above. Analysis of data using univariate and bivariate analyzes. From the analysis of the data obtained 57.2% of patients with low back pain who received the intervention pain aged 40-59 years, and 52.4% of them were female.

From the results obtained 66.7% of MRI examinations with a disc protrusion with 71.4% of patients receive combination therapy LESI and MBN and 95.2% of patients who received the pain intervention experienced decreasing scale of pain scale and last up to 1 year. Multivariate analysis showed that there is no significant relationship between MRI image with pain interventional procedures and types of pain, but there is a significant relationship between the type of pain with pain interventional procedures."

"Penelitian analisis kadar merkuri dalam rambut dengan gangguan fungsi sistem saraf pusat bagi pekerja pertambangan emas, dilakukan untuk dapat memberikan referensi terkait dampak penggunaan merkuri dan penanggulangannya bagi kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dengan menganalisis data sekunder dari Kementerian Kesehatan terhadap 119 sampel. Hasil pengukuran kadar merkuri dalam rambut pekerja, didapatkan 77,9% berada diatas normal, angka Nilai Indeks Pajanan Biologi yang dipersyarakatkan ≤ 3μg/g (ACGIH, 2005). Analisis kadar merkuri dalam rambut dengan gangguan fungsi sistem saraf pusat, secara perhitungan statistik menunjukan tidak ada hubungan signifikan, namun pekerja dengan kadar merkuri tinggi berisiko 3,12 kali,CI 95% (0,67 - 14,36) terhadap gangguan fungsi sistem saraf pusat. Analisis berbagai faktor konfounding, yaitu: Lama paparan, konsumsi sayur-buah, konsumsi ikan, penggunaan pestisida dan atau insektisida dan kebiasaan merokok, berdasarkan perhitungan statistik, hanya penggunaan pestisida secara konstan mempunyai hubungan diantara keduanya dan berisiko 3,97 kali, CI 95% (1,51 - 10,43) terhadap gangguan fungsi sistem saraf pusat. Hasil analisis multivariat, didapatkan responden dengan kadar merkuri dalam rambut tinggi, mempunyai risiko 2,82 kali lebih besar dengan CI 95% (0,595-13,379) untuk mengalami gangguan fungsi sistem saraf pusat setelah dikontrol variabel penggunaan pestisida. Pencegahan dan pengendalian dampak kesehatan akibat penggunaan merkuri perlu melibatkan berbagai pihak baik pemerintah, swasta dan masyarakat, melalui program eliminasi, subtitusi, pengendalian teknis dan administrasi.

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Research into the analysis of mercury levels in hair with impaired central nervous system function for gold mining workers, was conducted to provide a reference to the impact of mercury use and its prevention for public health. The method in this research use cross sectional design. This research used secondary data from Ministry of Health, with 119 miners as samples.

The results of the measurement of mercury in the hair of workers, obtained 77.9% above normal, Biology Exposure Index value ≤ 3μg / g (ACGIH, 2005). Analysis of mercury levels in the hair with impaired function of the central nervous system, the statistical calculation showed no significant relationship, but workers with high mercury levels risked 3.12 times, 95% CI (0.67 - 14.36) against impaired functioning of the nervous system center. Analysis of various confounding factors, namely: Length of exposure, consumption of fruits, fish consumption, pesticide and or insecticide use and smoking habits, based on statistical calculations, only the use of pesticides has a constant relationship between them and 3.97 times risk, 95% (1.51 - 10.43) against impaired functioning of the central nervous system.

The result of multivariate analysis, obtained by respondent with high mercury in hair, had 2.82 times greater risk with 95% CI (0,595-13,379) for impaired function of central nervous system after controlled variable of pesticide usage. Prevention and control of health impacts due to the use of mercury should involve various parties, government, private and public, through elimination, substitution, technical and administrative control programs."