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"This book introduces the reader to the subject-matter coverage of human factors and provides practical and pragmatic advice to assist engineers in designing interactive systems that are safer, more secure and easier to use - thereby reducing accidents due to human error, increasing system integrity and enabling more efficient process operations. The book discusses human factors integration methodology and reviews the issues that underpin consideration of key topics such as human error, automation and human reliability assessment. There are also design considerations including control room and interface design and acceptance and verification considerations."

"Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peran debriefing terhadap peningkatan performa tim trauma dalam pelatihan simulasi trauma. Metode: Penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain studi 2-groups pre-test and post-test with control group pada tenaga medis yang terdiri dari dokter umum dan perawat di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD). Peserta dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol dan intervensi, dibedakan dengan proses debriefing setelah pelatihan simulasi trauma. Efek debriefing terhadap peningkatan performa tim trauma dalam pelatihan simulasi trauma dinilai dengan menggunakan borang Global Rating Scale (GRS) khusus untuk kasus trauma. Hasil: Skor GRS pada simulasi pertama, menunjukkan hasil yang setara antara kelompok kontrol dan intervensi (Median skor 34 dan 37 secara berurutan). Setelah diadakan sesi debriefing pada kelompok intervensi, kelompok intervensi menunjukkan hasil skor GRS yang lebih tinggi dan bermakna secara statistik (nilai p<0,001) dengan median skor 41 pada kelompok kontrol dan 47 pada kelompok intervensi. Kesimpulan: Debriefing berperan meningkatkan performa tim trauma dalam simulasi trauma.

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Purpose: In this study, we aimed to identify the role of debriefing towards improvement of trauma team performance in a trauma simulation training.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study with 2 groups pre-test and post-test with control group design on medical staff consisting of general practitioners and nurses in the Emergency Room (ER). The participants divided into control and intervention group, distinguished by a debriefing process after a trauma simulation training. We evaluated the effects of debriefing process towards improvement of trauma team performance in a trauma simulation training by using modified Global Rating Scale (GRS) which is specific for trauma cases.

Results: The GRS score in the first simulation showed equal results between control and the intervention groups (median scores 34 and 37 respectively). After debriefing session in the intervention group, the intervention group showed higher and statistically significant GRS Score (p<0.001) with median score of 41 in control group and 47 in the intervention group.

Conclusion: Debriefing plays a role in improving the performance of the trauma team in trauma simulation in trauma simulation was associated in improving the performance of the trauma team in trauma training simulation."