Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"In this book we have mainly focused on physiological, biochemical, molecular and genetic bases of crop development and related approaches that can be used for crop improvement under environmental adversaries. In addition, the adverse effects of different biotic (diseases, pathogens etc.) and abiotic (salinity, drought, high temperatures, metals etc) stresses on crop development and the potential strategies to enhance crop productivity under stressful environments are also discussed."

"Pengembangan program pengelolaan hama terpadu (PHT) nasional sejak 1989 mampu meningkatkan produksi padi di Indonesia. Namun produksi padi tahun 2001-2006 mengalami pelandaian, berada di sekitar 54 juta ton per tahun. Pada tahun 2007 pemerintah melaksanakan program Peningkatan Produksi Beras Nasional (P2BN) dengan target meningkatkan produksi 5% per tahun (2 juta ton/tahun). Salah satu upaya mencapai target produksi tersebut adalah dengan melaksanakan program Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT) melalui 60.000 unit sekolah lapang PTT (SL-PTT). Hasil evaluasi pada 2008 dan 2009 menunjukkan, produksi padi melonjak dari 54,45 juta ton pada tahun 2006 menjadi 57,16 juta ton pada 2007, dan pada tahun 2008 dan 2009 produksi masing-masing mencapai 60,33 dan 64,4 juta ton. PHT bertujuan untuk mencapai stabilitas produksi, sedangkan PTT untuk meningkatkan produksi, efisiensi penggunaan input, dan nilai ekonomi tanaman. PTT terdiri atas beberapa komponen, yaitu pengelolaan varietas padi terpadu, pengelolaan nutrisi tanaman terpadu, pengelolaan hama terpadu, pengendalian gulma terpadu, pengelolaan air terpadu, pengelolaan pestisida terpadu, sosial ekonomi, mesin pertanian, dan pascapanen. Dalam era pembangunan pertanian tangguh pada koridor otonomi daerah, diperlukan sinkronisasi antara pusat dan daerah dalam implementasi Permentan No. 45/2011 dan sinergisme antardisiplin ilmu dalam upaya meningkatan produksi dan kesejahteraan petani."

"The excessive use of pesticides in Indonesia during the 1970s and 1980s caused serious environmental problems such as acute and chronic human pesticide poisoning, animal poisoning and contaminated agricultural products, destruction of both beneficial natural parasites and pest predators, and pesticide resistance in pests. To overcome these environmental problems, since 1989 the Indonesian government has actively adopted a strategy of integrated pest management (IPM). During the first few years of the 1PM program's implementation, the program has been able to help farmers reduce the use of pesticides by approximately 56 percent, and increase yields by approximately 10 percent. However, economic literature that analyzes the impact of the IPM program on household incomes and national economic performance is very limited. The general objective of this research is to analyze the impact of the IPM program on Indonesian economic growth and household incomes for different socioeconomic groups.Introduction The chronic food shortage during the first two decades of Indonesian independence (1945-1965) stimulated the Indonesian government to establish a comprehensive food intensification program as a national priority. Achieving and maintaining self-sufficiency in food, increasing farmers' income, and providing strong support for the rapidly expanding industrial and service sectors were the main goals of this food intensification program (Oka, 1995). The food intensification program included large-scale adoption of high-yielding modern seed varieties, development of irrigation systems, expansion of food crop producing areas, increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, expansion of agricultural extension services, establishment of farmer cooperatives and input subsidies, and stabilization of national food crop prices (Oka, 1991).During the 1970s and 1980s, this food intensification program caused food crap production to grow at an annual rate of approximately 3.74 percent (CBS, 1973-1991). A major miracle occurred in rice production. Pushing the average annual growth rate of rice production to approximately 4.67 percent, the rice intensification program transformed Indonesia from the world's largest importer of rice, importing approximately two million tons per year by the end of the 1970s, to self-sufficiency in 1983 (Oka, 1991 and 1995)."