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"This paper presents preliminary design for the development of a jumping mechanism. A jumping mechanism offers numerous advantages for efficient locomotion to climb the stairs, to explore the rugged terrain, including dealing with obstacles. Two designs of the jumping robot, with telescopic leg and articulated leg are proposed. These designs have a same mechanism that constraints the motion to the plane in order to be easy for monitoring and controling . To measure the angular horizontal position of these robots, a rotary potentiometer is mounted on the center of planarizer. To measure the hight of jumping, a distance infrared sensor is mounted on the upper body of these robots. To measure the body tilt, two distance infrared sensor are mounted on the lower body of these robots. Finally, the experiments with these robot prototypes have demonstrated jumping and hopping in different height, lenght and speed."

"Kebugaran muskuloskeletal merupakan salah satu komponen kebugaran yang penting bagi kesehatan. Penelitian kebugaran muskuloskeletal di Indonesia masih jarang dilakukan, padahal kebugaran muskuloskeletal sangat erat kaitannya dengan pencegahan kejadian osteoporosis, sindrom metabolik, penyakit kardiovaskuler, penyakit gagal jantung, diabetes mellitus, dan obesitas yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan. Untuk mengukur kebugaran muskuloskeletal pada remaja dilakukan dengan metode Standing Long Jump SLJ yang merupakan cara yang mudah, valid, reliabel, dan telah banyak dipraktekan dalam pengukuran kebugaran di dunia. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menilai kebugaran muskuloskeletal dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif desain studi cross-sectional dengan sampel 133 orang. Rata-rata kebugaran muskuloskeletal dengan metode SLJ pada sampel penelitian sebesar 154,11 37,33 cm. Pada laki-laki sebesar 184,76 27,4 cm sedangkan pada perempuan sebesar 126,53 19,03 cm. Rata-rata kebugaran muskuloskeletal pada siswa-siswi tergolong kategori baik. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif antara aktivitas fisik, asupan energi, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat dengan kebugaran muskuloskeletal. Selain itu, terdapat hubungan negatif antara IMT/U dan persen lemak tubuh dengan kebugaran muskuloskeletal

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Musculoskeletal fitness is one component of fitness that is important for health. Musculoskeletal fitness research in Indonesia is still rarely done, whereas the musculoskeletal fitness is closely related to prevention of the occurrence osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, cardiovaskular disease, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and obesity which remain health problem. Measuring adolescent musculoskeletal fitness could use Standing Long Jump SLJ test which is easy, valid, reliable, and widely used for fitness measurement globally. The aim of this study was to determine the average musculoskeletal fitness and the factors that contribute.

This study was a quantitative conducted using cross sectional design with 133 people as sample population. The mean value of musculoskeletal fitness using SLJ method in the sample study was 154.11 37.33 cm. The score for boys were 184,76 27,4 cm while for girls were 126,53 19,03 cm. Bivariate analysis showed that there were positive correlation between physical activity, energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intakes with musculoskeletal fitness. While it showed negative correlation between BMI for age and body fat percentage with musculoskeletal fitness. "

"As the kyoto protocol is nearing its end in 2012, it is important to evaluate the progress it has made since its inception. One significant product of the protocol is the clean development mechanism (CDM)..."

"This SpringerBrief investigates and reviews the development and various applications of mobile crowd sensing (MCS). With the miniaturization of sensors and the popularity of smart mobile devices, MCS becomes a promising solution to efficiently collect different types of information, such as traffic conditions, air quality, temperature and more, which is covered in this brief. The features, novelty, and applications of MCS are elaborated in detail in this brief. In addition, the basic knowledge about auction theory and incentive mechanism design is introduced.Incentive mechanism design plays a key role in the success of MCS. With an efficient incentive mechanism, it is possible to attract enough mobile users to participate in a MCS system, thus enough high quality sensing data can be collected. Two types of incentive mechanisms with different system models are introduced in this brief. One is the reputation-aware incentive mechanism, and another is the social-aware incentive mechanism.This SpringerBrief covers the significance and the impacts of both reputation and social relationship of smartphone users (SUs) in MCS and presents extensive simulation results to demonstrate the good performance of the proposed incentive mechanisms compared with some existing counterparts.The target audience for this SpringerBrief is researchers and engineers in the area of wireless communication and networking, especially those who are interested in the mobile crowd sensing or incentive mechanism design. Meanwhile, it is also intended as a reference guide for advanced level students in the area of wireless communications and computer networks."

"Gun Jumping merupakan suatu istilah yang menggambarkan aktivitas pelaku usaha yang seolah-olah transaksi merger yang dilakukannya sudah berlaku secara sah dan efektif di mata hukum walaupun pada kenyataannya merger tersebut belum disetujui oleh otoritas persaingan usaha karena masih dalam proses peninjauan notifikasi merger. Gun Jumping merupakan suatu pelanggaran yang hanya terjadi pada negara yang menganut sistem notifikasi pra-merger atau pra-notifikasi seperti Amerika Serikat dan Uni Eropa. Di Indonesia, tidak dikenal istilah Gun Jumping karena sistem notifikasi yang berlaku saat ini ialah pasca-notifikasi atau post-notifikasi. Pada perkembangan saat ini, pasca-notifikasi dipandang sebagai sistem notifikasi yang sudah tidak kontekstual dengan perkembangan zaman dan memiliki banyak kekurangan. Dengan adanya rencana untuk melakukan amandemen UU No. 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat maka diharapkan terjadi perubahan pada sistem notifikasi Indonesia dari pasca-merger notifikasi menjadi pra-merger notifikasi. Usulan perubahan ini merupakan hal yang wajar karena dapat memberikan kepastian hukum terutama bagi pelaku usaha. Apabila nantinya amandemen UU No. 5 Tahun 1999 telah disetujui, maka Gun Jumping akan menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang mungkin akan terjadi sebagai pelanggaran yang dilakukan pelaku merger sebelum merger disetujui oleh otoritas persaingan usaha. Selanjutnya, berhubungan dengan metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif dan kepustakaan. Serta saran yang penulis berikan terhadap penelitian ini adalah dengan secara konsisten mematuhi dan menjalankan setiap prosedural yang berkaitan dengan ketentuan gun jumping.

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Gun Jumping is a term that describes the activity of merging parties as if their merger transaction has been valid and effective on law provision, in fact the merger has not approved by the competition commission because it is still in the process of reviewing merger notification. Gun Jumping is a violation that only occurs in countries that have a pre-merger notification system, for example United States of America and European Union. In Indonesia with its post-notification system, the term of Gun Jumping is not familiar. Post-notification system in these era is considered out of context and has many shortcomings. With the plan to amend Law of The Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 1999 concerning The Ban on Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, it is expected that there will be a change in Indonesia notification system from post-merger notification to pre-merger notification. This change is a reasonable because it can provide legal security, especially for merging parties. If the amendments of Law of The Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 1999 has been approved, gun jumping is one of the problems that may occur as a violation that committed by the merging parties before the merger is approved by the competition commission. Futhermore, the method that author used for this research is juridical-normative and literature. For recommendation that author used for gun jumping problems is to consistently obey every procedure and rules that related to gun jumping provision."

"International environmental issue recently plays important role in world economic development and their sustainability. This trans-boundary environmental problem requires a global responsibility, especially for forest well endowed countries like Indonesia to hold main role to support the environmental sustainability.

We apply cost benefit analysis on carbon trade using Clean Mechanism Development to show its significant contribution on green forestry program.

This paper gives us the picture of Indonesia's forestry, the beneficial of forest's project and the finding of global responsibilities to make a better for mankind. Our perspective about the utility of forest is very important to determine the decision we choose."