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"Gula darah atau konsentrasi glukosa C6H12O6 didalam darah adalah molekul yang dibutuhkan untuk asupan energi bagi sel-sel dalam tubuh. Asupan tersebut digunakan oleh sel-sel untuk melakukan proses respirasi sel, sehingga sel dapat melakukan metabolisme dengan baik. Kandungan glukosa dalam darah diatur oleh pankreas sehingga tidak mengalami kelebihan glukosa hiperglikemia atau kekurangan glukosa hipoglikemia . Karena jika mengalami kedua kelainan tersebut akan menyebabkan masalah kesehatan yang berkepanjangan baik diabetes, kerusakan mata, ginjal, saraf dan sebagainya. Untuk mengecek glukosa dalam darah yaitu biasanya dilakukan secara invasive mengambil darah baik di lab ataupun dengan menggunakan alat ukur glukometer. Karena masih menggunakan darah dalam pengecekannya yang masih sangat rawan terutama dalam proses pengambilannya maka dari itu penulis mencari metode lain yaitu secara non- invasive untuk melihat kandungan glukosa dalam darah, selain itu artikel Jefferson, Chernington, Goodman, 2001 menjelaskan bahwa terdapat korelasi antara pergerakan denyut nadi dengan kandungan glukosa darah sehingga mendasari penulis untuk melakukan penelitian ini. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan speckle pattern laser untuk pembacaan pergerakannya dikarenakan dengan metode speckle pattern dapat terlihat pola-pola pergerakan secara mikroskopis dialami oleh suatu benda yang ditembakan laser. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat korelasi pergerakan speckle pattern laser yang ditembakan ke daerah sekitar nadi terhadap kandungan glukosa dalam darah yang mana pergerakan tersebut akan dibaca oleh kamera CCD. Dari pergerakan tersebut didapatlah grafik seperti seperti Electrocardiograph ECG , nilai rata-rata dari peak maksimum grafik dapat dikorelasikan dengan kandungan glukosa dalam darah Beiderman, et al., 2011 . Dari data yang telah didapatkan, pergerakan dari speckle cenderung meningkat sesuai dengan kenaikan glukosa dalam darah.

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Blood sugar or glucose concentration C6H12O6 in the blood is the molecule needed for energy intake for the cells in the body. This intake is used by cells to perform cell respiration processes, so that cells can perform metabolism well. Glucose content in the blood is regulated by the pancreas so as not to have excess glucose hyperglycemia or lack of glucose hypoglycemia . Because if exposed to both disorders it will cause prolonged health problems of diabetes, eye damage, kidney, nerves and so on. To check blood glucose that is usually done invasively taking blood both in the laboratory and with a glucometer measuring device. Because it is still using the blood in checking is still very vulnerable, especially in the process of taking it then the authors look for non invasive methods to see the content of glucose in the blood, in addition the article Jefferson, Chernington, Goodman, 2001 explains the relationship between the movement of the pulse with glucose content. Blood because the underlying writer to do this research.

In this study the authors use laser speckle pattern for movement readings by speckle pattern method can be seen patterns of movement microscopically an object that illuminated by laser. The purpose of this study was to see the correlation of laser pattern spekle that was illuminated into the area around the pulse to the glucose content in the blood where this movement would be read by the CCD camera. From such movements, graphs such as electrocardiograph ECG , the average of the maximum peaks of the graph can be correlated with the glucose content in the blood Beiderman, et al., 2011 . From the data that has been obtained, the movement of the speckle tends to increase in accordance with the rise in glucose in the blood."

"Laser merupakan sumber cahaya yang memiliki sifat koheren dan intensitas yang tinggi dibanding dengan sumber cahaya yang lain. Apabila permukaan kasar disinari oleh sinar laser maka akan terbentuk pola-pola speckle, hal ini terjadi karena adanya hamburan sinar laser pada permukaan kasar. Pola laser speckle menyimpan banyak informasi, salah satunya adalah tingkat kekasaran permukaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat kekasaran permukaan pada suatu logam, untuk itu dibuat perangkat sederhana untuk pengambilan citra spekle yang terdiri dari sumber laser dan kamera CMOS . Untuk mengolah pola speckle digunakan pengolahan gambar digital dengan menggunakan analisis grey level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM). Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah logam nickel yang diproses dengan cara gerinda (flat grinding). Untuk mengkalibrasi sistem pengukuran digunakan 6 spesimen standar dari Insize Surface Roughness Comparator dengan tingkat kekasaran permukaan berbeda. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukan adanya korelasi yang baik antara tingkat kekasaran dan fitur Contrast dan Homogeneity yang dihasilkan oleh analisis GLCM. Pengujian keakuratan dan kepresisian dari sistem pengukuran ini juga telah dilakukan dalam penelitian ini, dengan tingkat akurasi mencapai 96% dan kepresisian sebesar 97%. Selain mempunyai kepresisian dan keakuratan yang relatif baik, sistem pengukuran ini memiliki beberapa kelebihan lain, yaitu mempunyai sifat non-kontak, portabel, dan mudah digunakan.

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Speckle patterns will be formed, this occurs because of the scattering of laser light on a rough surface. The speckle laser pattern holds a lot of information, one of which is the level of surface roughness. This research study aims to measure the level of surface roughness in a metal plate. For that purpose, a simple system has been developed to acquire laser speckle images generated from a metal surface that is illuminated by laser. This system consists of laser sources and CMOS cameras. In order to process the speckle patterns, a digital image processing algorithm is used based on Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) analysis. The sample used in this study is nickel metal which is processed by flat grinding. To calibrate the measurement system used 6 standard specimens with different surface roughness levels. The results obtained show a good correlation between the level of roughness and contrast features generated by the GLCM analysis. The testing for the accuracy and precision of this measurement system has also been carried out in this study, with accuration rate up to 96% and 97% of precision rate.This measurement system has several other advantages, which are non-contact, portable and easy to use."

"Ketika suatu permukaan disinari sinar laser, akan terbentuk pola speckle berupa titik-titik gelap dan terang yang terdistribusi secara acak sesuai bidang permukaan. Sehingga, permukaan yang berubah akan menghasilkan pola speckle yang berbeda pula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi perubahan permukaan logam akibat proses korosi dengan perubahan pola speckle, sehingga dapat memperkirakan ketahanan logam dan mengamati karakteristik permukaan karena proses korosi secara kualitatif. Logam yang digunakan adalah besi, baja karbon, dan stainless steel dan direndam dalam larutan HNO3 0.1 M. Citra pola speckle setiap 10 menit ditangkap kamera CMOS dan diolah menggunakan metode 2-D Coefficient Correlation dan GLCM. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara perubahan permukaan logam akibat proses korosi dengan nilai koefisien dari metode 2-D Coefficient Correlation serta esktraksi fitur contrast dan homogeneity dari metode GLCM. Tingkat kepresisian masing-masing metode tidak kurang dari 97.3% dan 91.1%. Analisis 2-D Coefficient Correlation dapat digunakan untuk memperkirakan ketahanan logam terhadap korosi dimana logam yang paling tahan korosi adalah stainless steel, disusul dengan baja karbon, lalu besi. Sedangkan, Fitur contrast dan homogeneity GLCM dapat digunakan untuk merepresentasikan karakteristik permukaan logam yang berubah, namun sulit digunakan untuk memperkirakan ketahanan logam karena jenis korosi yang terjadi pada penelitian ini berbeda untuk setiap jenis logam.

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When a surface is illuminated by a laser beam, a speckle pattern will form in the form of dark and bright spots which are randomly distributed according to the surface area. So that the changing surface will produce a different speckle pattern. This study aims to see the correlation of changes in metal surface due to the corrosion process with changes in speckle patterns, so that it can qualitatively estimate metal resistance and observe surface characteristics due to the corrosion process. The metal used were iron, carbon steel, and stainless steel which were immersed in 0.1 M HNO3 acid solution. Every 10 minutes, speckle pattern images were captured using a CMOS camera and processed using 2-D Coefficient Correlation and GLCM methods.

The results obtained showed a correlation between metal surface changes due to the corrosion process with the coefficient values of the 2-D Coefficient Correlation method and extraction features of contrast and homogeneity from GLCM method. The precision rate of each method is not less than 97.3% and 91.1%. Analysis of 2-D Coefficient Correlation can be used to estimate metal resistance where the most corrosion-resistant metal is stainless steel, followed by carbon steel, then iron. Meanwhile, the GLCM contrast and homogeneity features can be used to represent changing metal surface characteristics, but it is difficult to estimate metal resistance because the type of corrosion that occurs in this study is different for each type of metal."

"INTISARI Telah dilakukan pengukuran suhu nyala api dengan fotografi speckle. Pala speckle direkam pada Kodak Technical Pan Film dengan menempatkan pembakar antara difuser dan film. Pemotretan dilakukan dua kali pada film yang sama (double exposure), yaitu sebelum dan sesudah ada nyala api. Dengan. adanya perbedaan indeks bias dalam nyala api dan medium, maka kedua pola acak speckle yang direkam bergeser satu terhadap yang lain. pergeseran rekaman ini dapat bersifat celah ganda setelah film tersebut dicuci. Dengan pengamatan pola interferensi yang terjadi, suhu bagian nyala api dapat ditentukan dengan cara membandingkan terhadap suhu referensi. Pada percobaan ini digunakan nyala api dari gas elpiji yang dihubungkan engan pembakar Meker. Kesalahan pengukuran suhu nyala api lebih kecil dibanding perekaman tanpa lensa"

"ABSTRACT

Probing of the atmospheric parameters have been done by many scientists since a century ago up to present with various techniques. A simple system of laser radar without using any collimated beam but a reflected mirror as transmitter and a small cassegranian type (10.5 an in diameter) telescope as receiving was constructed to investigate the relative Mie backscattering coefficient by utilizing a nitrogen laser as a light source in the range of measurement bellow 1 Km. The backscattered light received by the receiving telescope is converted into electric current by photomultiplier and is shown and known as "A scope" display on an oscilloscope. SNR of the signal from photomultiplier was increased by using a boxcar integrator and its output could be recorded with XY recorder."

"ABSTRACTLaser induced thin film production (LITFP) technique was employed for making plumbum (Pb) thin film by nitrogen laser deposition in miniature scale. The energy of nitrogen laser operated at 12.5 kv, 90 torr was 3.5 mj with 5 ns pulse duration, thus producing peak power at around 0.7 MW. Pb plasma of 1 cm diameter was generated in each laser bombardment, producing thin film above the glass substrate. The thin film characteristics were measured by means of their thickness and surface morphology using scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was proved that there was a linear relationship between the number of laser shots and film thickness."

"Kopling antara amplifier permukaan miring dan fiber taper lens-ended diselidiki secara teori. Penelitian teori didasarkan pada model gelombang bidang tiga dimensi yang dihitung melalui pergeseran fasa akibat permukaan iring. Kopling diselidiki berkenaan dengan parameter-parameter berkas dari pandu gelombang amplifier lens-ended, dan juga berkenaan dengan posisi fiber. Terjadinya rugi-rugi kopling karena permukaan miring dan karena variasi dari uji lens yang terbaik, rugi untuk permukaan miring 10° ditemukan lebih kecil dari 0.5 dB dibandingkan amplifier permukaan normal.

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The coupling between angled-facet amplifiers and tapered lens-ended fibers is investigated theoretically. The theoretical investigation is based on a three-dimensional plane wave model which accounts for the phase differences introduced by the angled facets. The coupling is investigated with respect to the beam parameters of the amplifier wave guids and the tapered lens-ended fiber, and also with respect to the fiber position. For optimized lens radii the excess loss for 0l0° facet angle is found to be less than 0.5 dB compared to a normal facet amplifier."

"ABSTRACTThe frequency dobled Rd: YAG laser (532 nm/10ns, 15mj/pulse) uses a pulsed, frequency dobled; which provides a monochromatic, energy source with extremely high peak power and to has capability to develop of latent fingerprint on various surface. In the porous surfaces, this laser to has superiority, the compared with the development another methods, like powder and chemical method in latent fingerprint development. The high peak power of the laser causes Palmar sweat: contain a variety compounds, among them amino acids, oils, enzymes, vitamins and other chemicals with in the print to fluoresce. Some latent fingerprints will fluoresce in their natural state during exposure to this laser energy. The natural state fluorescing prints make can be documented and recording by high-resolution TV cameras and monitor for maximum sensitivity. The next step, the compare latent fingerprints products with visible impression by comparable instruments, see patterns of the friction ridges and be found same amount of their galton detail. "