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"Reformasi administrasi melalui pembentukan administrasi perpajakan modern pratama merupakan kelanjutan sekaligus duplikasi dari administrasi perpajakan modern sebelumnya, yaitu sistem administrasi perpajakan modern yang diterapkan di kantor pajak wajib pajak besar dan madya (large and medium taxpayer office). Namun demikian, administrasi pajak modern pratama memiliki perbedaan karakteristik dibanding yang lainnya. Perbedaan tersebut terletak pada prosedur kerja, jenis pajak yang diadministrasikan, wilayah kerja dan basis wajib pajak. Perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut berimbas pada perbedaan struktur organisasi, beban kerja dan pengukuran kinerja. Karena itu, walaupun reformasi administrasi perpajakan dinilai berhasil, namun efektivitas reformasi administrasi perpajakan melalui pembentukan administrasi perpajakan modern pratama belum pernah dievaluasi secara objektif. Tujuan utama setiap reformasi administrasi adalah mewujudkan keadaan yang lebih baik bagi semua pihak yang berkepentingan. Dalam administrasi perpajakan, keadaan yang lebih baik tersebut ditandai dengan peningkatan kepatuhan wajib pajak. Karena itu, pengukuran efektivitas suatu administrasi perpajakan sebaiknya dilakukan secara menyeluruh, bukan secara parsial, misalnya berdasarkan realisasi penerimaan pajak semata. Berdasarkan teori organisasi, pengukuran efektivitas yang paling tepat, menyeluruh dan integratif adalah pendekatan konstituensi strategis. Pendekatan ini mempertimbangkan semua pihak yang berperan penting dalam menentukan efektivitas administrasi perpajakan. Dalam penelitian ini, konstituen yang memiliki kepentingan strategis adalah pemerintah, pegawai dan wajib pajak. Efektivitas administrasi dari perspektif pemerintah diukur berdasarkan kemampuan administrasi perpajakan merealisasikan penerimaan pajak, meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak, dan kinerja atau efisiensi administrasi secara umum. Sedangkan dari perspektif pegawai dan wajib pajak, efektivitas administrasi diukur berdasarkan tingkat kepuasan masing-masing konstituen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari perspektif pemerintah dan pegawai, reformasi administrasi telah berjalan secara efektif. Sedangkan dari perspektif wajib pajak, reformasi administrasi belum berhasil memenuhi kepuasan wajib pajak. Hal ini ditandai oleh tingkat kepuasan wajib pajak terhadap kualitas pelayanan Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Jakarta Gambir Dua yang masih jauh dari ekspektasi dan lebih rendah dibanding tingkat kepuasan wajib pajak di kantor pajak wajib pajak besar. Reformasi yang hanya efektif dari perpektif pemerintah dan pegawai tersebut menandakan bahwa administrasi pajak setelah reformasi masih cenderung menggunakan pendekatan enforcement daripada peningkatan pelayanan. Hal ini juga menunjukkan pembentukan administrasi perpajakan modern pratama baru sekadar pembenahan internal Direktorat Jenderal Pajak. Kepatuhan sukarela yang merupakan tujuan utama reformasi administrasi perpajakan bisa diwujudkan jika administrasi pajak berhasil menekan biaya kepatuhan melalui peningkatan kualitas pelayanan. Karena hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Jakarta Gambir Dua gagal memberikan pelayanan yang memenuhi kepuasan wajib pajak, maka secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa efektivitas reformasi administrasi perpajakan melalui pembentukan administrasi perpajakan modern pratama masih rendah.

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Administrative reform through the establishment of pratama modern tax administration is an extension and a duplication of previous modern tax administration, namely modern tax administration system that successfully applied in large and medium taxpayer office. Pratama modern tax administration, however, has different characteristic than the others. The differences lie in its work procedure, its type of the tax that must to be administered, its work regional, and its taxpayer basis. The differences have effect on organization structure, workload, and performance measurement. Therefore, although tax administration reform is claimed as success achievement, the effectiveness of tax administration reform through establishment of pratama modern tax administration is never been evaluated objectively before. The main goal of administrative reform is a better condition for all stakeholders. In tax administration, the better condition lies on the improvement of taxpayer compliance. Therefore, effectiveness measurement on tax administration should be done on comprehensive approach, not partially, base on tax revenue only, for instance. Base on organization theory, strategic constituency is the most appropriate, comprehensive and integrative approach in measurement the effectiveness. The approach is take of all actors that have important role in determining the effectiveness of tax administration into account. In this study, the constituent that have strategic interest are government, staff/officer, and taxpayer. Administration effectiveness from government perspective is measured base on the achievement of the tax administration on collect money to treasury, improvement in tax compliance and performance or efficiency of the administration generally. From staff and taxpayer point of view, administration effectiveness is measured base on their satisfaction level respectively. The study finds that from government and staff perspective, the administrative reform is running effectively. But from taxpayer point of view, the administrative reform has not fulfilled their satisfactions yet. It is shown by the level of taxpayer satisfaction on the service quality of KPP Pratama Jakarta Gambir Dua that is far below their expectations and it is lower than the level of taxpayer satisfaction at large taxpayer office (LTO). The administrative reform that is effective from the government and staff perspective only, shows that post-reform tax administration is tend to applying enforcement approach rather than improving service quality. In addition, it is shows that the establishment of pratama modern tax administration is just internal improvement of Directorate General of Taxation (DJP). Voluntary compliance, that is main goal of tax administration reform, can become into real if tax administration success in minimizing compliance gap through improving service quality. Base on the result of the study that KPP Pratama Jakarta Gambir Dua fails in delivering excellent service to meet the taxpayer satisfaction, then, generally it can be said that the effectiveness of tax administration reform through establishment of pratama modern tax administration is low."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara reformasi administrasi perpajakan dengan motivasi kerja dan antara reformasi administrasi perpajakan dengan kepuasan kerja Account Representative pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak yang telah menerapkan administrasi modern. Terdapat tiga macam Kantor Pelayanan Pajak yang sudah menerapkan sistim administrasi modern yaitu Kantor Pelayanan Pajak LTO, Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Madya dan Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama. Sebanyak 269 AR dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini.Dua hipotesis diuji: (1) Terdapat hubungan antara yang signifikan antara reformasi administrasi perpajakan dengan motivasi kerja AR pada tingkat LTO, Madya, dan Pratama, dan (2) Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara reformasi administrasi perpajakan dengan kepuasan kerja SR pada tingkat LTO, Madya, dan Pratama. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara reformasi administrasi perpajakan dengan motivasi kerja dan kepuasan kerja pada tingkat LTO, Madya, dan pratama.Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan hipotesis diterima. Hipotesis pertama teruji dengan nilai Rank Spearman sebesar 0,540 (t hitung=7,62>t tabel=1,665). Sementara hipotesis kedua teruji dengan nilai Rank Spearman sebesar 0,430 (t hitung=9,56>t tabel=1,665).Karena studi ini menunjukkan bahwa reformasi administrasi perpajakan berhubungan dengan motivasi kerja dan kepuasan kerja, maka pelaksanaannya di lapangan perlu diperbaiki secara berkelanjutan agar motivasi kerja dan kepuasan kerja AR menjadi semakin optimal.

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The research intends to put to the test the correlation between the reformation taxation administration and work motivation and also between the reformation of taxation administration and the work satisfaction of Account Representative (AR) at The Tax Service Office which have applied modern administration system. There are three kinds of the Tax Service Office which have applied modern administration system. They are; the LTO Tax Service Office, Intermediate Tax Service Office and Elementary Tax Service Office. The research has involved 269 AR.

Two hypotheses put to a test: (1) There is a significant correlation between the reformation of taxation administration and the work motivation of AR on the LTO, Intermediate and Elementary level, and (2) these is a significant correlation between the reformation of taxation administration and the work satisfactions of SR on the LTO, Intermediate and Elementary level. Therefore, it could be concluded that there is a significant correlation between the reformation of taxation administration and the work motivation and the work satisfaction on the LTO, Intermediate and Elementary level.

The result of the test shows that the hypotheses are accepted on the whole. The first hypothesis given a value of Rank Spearman 0,540 (t count = 7.62>t table = 1,665) in a test. Meanwhile the second hypothesis given a value of Rank Spearman 0,430 (t count = 9,56)t table = 1,665).

Since the study shows that the reformation of taxation administration has a correlation to the work motivation and satisfaction then it is necessary to improve continually its implementation in the sphere so that it can increase the AR work motivation and satisfaction more optimally."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan masa depan reformasi administrasi perpajakan dalam rangka mewujudkan administrasi perpajakan yang diinginkan di masa depan, yaitu menuju Good Governance. Masa depan yang diproyeksikan, ditentukan oleh kegiatan yang ada dan orang atau institusi yang berperan dalam reformasi administrasi perpajakan, sehingga skenario administrasi perpajakan dapat tercapai. Proses deskriptif untuk menaksir masa depan ini disebut sebagai perencanaan ke depan (forward process). Hasil yang diinginkan dicapai dilakukan dengan menerapkan berbagai kebijakan untuk mempengaruhi para pelaku untuk menghilangkan segala masalah ke arah masa depan ini. Proses normatif atau perspektif ini disebut perencanaan balik (backward process), Dalam rangka mencapai keefektifan yang lebih besar dalam perencanaan, kedua proses itu dapat dikombinasikan. Perencanaan ke depan-balik tersebut dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut. Pertama, masa depan yang mungkin terjadi diproyeksikan melalui perencanaan ke depan (forward). Lalu suatu masa depan yang mungkin terjadi diproyeksikan melalui perencanaan ke depan. Kedua, masa depan yang mungkin terlaksana dan diinginkan, dihipotesiskan, dan kebijakan yang perlu untuk mencapainya ditetapkan melaiui perencanaan balik (backward).Proses perencanaan ini menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Pendekatan AHP dilakukan secara analisis dengan menggunakan program komputer Expert Choice. Data isian kuesioner tersebut akan diolah lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan software Evaluation and Choice. Hasil dari software tersebut akan dianalisis untuk menguji hipotesis yang diajukan pada awal penelitian ini. Pendekatan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) dapat membantu pemecahan yang kompleks dengan mempergunakan data primer yang melibatkan tenaga ahli. Di samping itu, pertimbangan utama pemakaian AHP dalam karya akhir ini adalah untuk menampung sebanyak-banyaknya aspirasi yang ada daiam era reformasi yang berpengaruh pada semua sektor dan kegiatan di Indonesia. Model AHP merupakan model perencanaan yang demokratis dan desentralisasi serta bersifat bottom up. Sifat demokratis ditunjukkan Iewat proses konsensus dalam penentuan persepsi dari kelompok responden, dan selain pemerintah, pihak Iain juga diikutsertakan sehingga ada demokratisasi dalam proses pengambilan keputusan.Kerangka teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsep pajak dan pelayanan publik, reformasi administrasi, reformasi administrasi perpajakan, reformasi administrasi perpajakan menuju good governance, dan reformasi administrasi perpajakan di beberapa negara. Konsep reformasi administrasi perpajakan menuju good governance merupakan kerangka acuan untuk memperbaiki kerusakan dasar institusional pengelolaan maupun distribusi berbagai sumber daya yang ada dalam masyarakat. Paradigma good governance menekankan arti penting kesejajaran hubungan antara institusi negara, pasar, dan masyarakat. Usaha perwujudan good governance dilakukan melalui sinergi antara Iain institusi negara/pemerintah, swasta, dan masyarakat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam rangka mencapai masa depan yang mungkin terjadi yang diproyeksikan melalui perencanaan ke depan (forward) diketahui bahwa pihak yang paling berperan dalam reformasi administrasi perpajakan adalah pihak Direktorat Jenderal Pajak dengan salah satu kegiatan utama yang tengah dilaksanakannya yang dapat mendorong terwujudnya administrasi perpajakan berbasis teknologi informasi adalah Sistem Administrasi Perpajakan modern (SAPM). Berdasarkan hasil backward process dari para responden diketahui bahwa untuk mencapai administrasi perpajakan yang diinginkan di masa depan yaitu administrasi perpajakan berbasis teknologi informasi tersebut diperlukan kebijakan restitusi pajak tanpa pemeriksaan dalam rangka mengatasi masalah yang cukup mendesak yang dapat menganggu tujuan yang diharapkan, yaitu permasalahan rumitnya prosedur perpajakan. Melalui penerapan forward-backward planning dengan menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) diharapkan dapat mewujudkan reformasi administrasi perpajakan yang diinginkan bersama sehingga perpajakan di Indonesia dapat berjalan dengan baik, aman, dan selaras dengan kepentingan semua pihak."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai pelaksanaan kewajiban pasca pengampunan pajak dan Pengungkapan Aset Sukarela dengan Tarif Final (Pas Final) ditinjau dari asas kemudahan administrasi dengan studi kasus Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Jakarta Gambir Tiga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis penerapan kewajiban pasca pengampunan pajak dan Pas Final ditinjau dari asas kemudahan administrasi serta mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaannya di KPP Pratama Gambir Tiga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, menyimpulkan bahwa pengalihan dan realisasi investasi dan penempatan harta tambahan, Pas Final, dan pengawasan pasca pengampunan pajak sudah memenuhi keempat asas kemudahan administrasi, sedangkan pelaporan berkala harta tambahan belum sepenuhnya memenuhi dikarenakan pelaporan secara elektronik (e-reporting) belum memenuhi asas certainty. Kendala yang dihadapi Wajib Pajak yaitu saat validasi macro pada softcopy formulir laporan harta dan gangguan jaringan server atau traffic, sedangkan kendala yang dihadapi fiskus yaitu sulitnya mengawasi jenis harta tertentu yang mobilitas kepemilikannya mudah berpindah dan perbedaan lokasi Wajib Pajak dengan lokasi harta. Saran yang diberikan antara lain DJP disarankan untuk menerbitkan peraturan pelaksana mengenai e-reporting, menambah kapasitas bandwith, dan melakukan pengawasan khusus kepada Wajib Pajak yang mengikuti pengampunan pajak. Di sisi lain, Wajib Pajak disarankan untuk menyampaikan laporan berkala harta tambahan jauh hari sebelum jatuh tempo pelaporan.

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ABSTRACTThis research discusses the application of post tax amnesty obligations and Pas Final in terms of ease of administration principle with study case in Tax Office Jakarta Gambir Tiga. The purpose of this research is to analyze the application of post tax amnesty obligations and Pas Final in terms of ease of administration principle as well as knowing the obstacles faced in the application at Tax Office Jakarta Gambir Tiga. This research uses a qualitative method, concludes that the application of post tax amnety obligations and Pas Final have not fully met the ease of administration principle because the policy of online reporting (e-reporting) has not met certainty principle, but it has met the other principles which are convenience, efficiency, and simplicity. The obstacles faced by the taxpayer when they file the report by online (e-reporting) is macro validation on softcopy form often errors and for tax authorities is when conducting taxpayer and assets supervision there is difficulty in monitoring certain types of assets whose ownership mobility is easy to move and also the difference of taxpayer location with the location of the assets. Directorate General of Taxes should release an additional regulation for e-reporting, increase the bandwidth capacity, and distinguish and classify supervision between taxpayer who participated in tax amnesty with those who do not. While for taxpayer, they should report far before the due date."

"Untuk meningkatkan pelayanan dan meningkatkan kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, Direktorat Jenderal Pajak menerapkan teknologi informasi dalam prosedur pemungutan pajak, melalui e-SPT, e-payment (MP3), e-registration, dan yang terbaru adalah layanan e-filing.Penelitian ini meneliti pengaruh penerapan modernisasi sistem administrasi perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Adapun pengaruh sistem administrasi dimaksud akan dipisahkan masing-masing aspeknya terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak, yaitu e-payment, e-SPT, e-filing dan e-registration; baik secara bersama-sama ataupun parsial.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan berlandaskan teori penerapan teknologi informasi, terutama pada organisasi pemerintah. Selain itu jugs digunakan teori kepatuhan Wajib Pajak.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei, dengan menyebarkan kuesioner pada Wajib Pajak di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) Dua. Metode pengambilan sample yang digunakan adalah Cluster Sampling. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan metode regresi berganda.Berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh dari keempat variabel independen secara simultan (bersamasama) terhadap kepatuhan Wajib Pajak di KPP PMA Dua_ Selain itu terbukti adanya pengaruh signifikan secara parsial dari variabel e-SPT, e-filling, e-registration dan e-payment terhadap kepatuhan Wajib Pajak di KPP PMA Qua. Dalam hal ini variabel e-SPT memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, dibandingkan variabel independen yang lain.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan apabila Direktorat Jenderal Pajak, khususnya Kantor Pelayanan Pajak KPP PMA Dua ingin meningkatkan kepatuhan Wajib pajak dalam jangka pendek, maka dapat memprioritaskan pada penerapan e-SPT. Hal ini pada dasarnya telah dilakukan oleh KPP PMA Dua dengan pembentukan Satgas Penerimaan SPT Tahunan. Langkah serupa perlu diiakukan pada aspek lain dari penerapan teknologi informasi, agar mendapatkan respon yang lebih besar dari Wajib Pajak. Selain itu jugs perlu dilakukan sosialisasi pada masyarakat luas menyangkut pelaksanaan sistem teknologi informasi dalam administrasi perpajakan.Selain itu disampaikan saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya agar menguji variabel-variabel lain yang diperkirakan berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Variabel lain yang dapat diuji pengaruhnya terhadap kepatuhan Wajib Pajak diantaranya : kode etik aparat pajak, kinerja account representative, tarif pajak dan sebagainya.

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To improve service and to improve tax compliance, Directorate General of Taxes applies information technology in imposition procedure, through e-SPT, e-payment (MP3), e-registration, and the newest service that is e-filing.This research analyzes the influence of applying modern system in tax administration system toward tax compliance. Influence of administration system will be dissociated by each of its aspect toward tax compliance; that are e-payment, e-SPT, e-filing and e-registration; either simultaneously or partially.This research is based on theory of implementation of information technology, especially for government. Beside that theory is also used theory of tax compliance.This research use survey method, by propagating questionnaires for taxpayer in KPP PMA Dua. Method to take the samples is by cluster sampling. Data obtained in this research analyzed with statistical method that is multiple regression.According to the data analysis as result of this research is concluded that there are significant influences from four independent variables simultaneously toward tax compliance in KPP PMA Dua. There is also found partial significant influence from variable e-SPT, e-filling, e-registration and e-payment to tax compliance in KPP PMA Dua. In this case, variable of e-SPT have biggest influence to tax compliance, compared to other independent variables.As consequence of this result, is suggested that if Directorate General of Taxes, especially KPP PMA Dua wish to improve tax compliance in short-range, hence can emphasize on applying of e-SPT. This matter basically have been conducted by KPP PMA Dua by forming Task Force for Acceptance of Annual SPT. Similar step require to be conducted at other aspect of application of information technology, so that it will get larger respon from taxpayer. Besides, it is also necessary to conduct socialization concerning implementation of information technology system in taxation administration.Based on the result of this research, is suggested that for research hereinafter to be testing other variables which estimated have an effect on tax compliance. Other variables that are able to test to tax compliance, among others are : code of conduct for tax officer, performance of account representative, tax rate and etcetera."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang dampak reformasi perpajakan terhadap efisiensi sistem pemungutan pajak Indonesia. Dengan teknik pengolahan data panel, maka akan diperoleh perubahan-perubahan rasio pajak (tax ratio) untuk tiap jenis pajak (PPh Non Migas, PPN, PBB, Cukai, Bea Masuk, Pajak Ekspor, Pajak Lainnya). Dari hasil pembentukan model ekonometrika diperoleh bahwa reformasi perpajakan tahun 2000 mempunyai dampak paling signifikan dalam peningkatan efisiensi sistem pemungutan pajak Indonesia jika dibandingkan dengan reformasi-reformasi perpajakan tahun 1983 dan 1994. Meskipun reformasi perpajakan berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan efisiensi sistem pemungutan pajak, namun jika dilihat dari pertumbuhan rasio pajak dan penerimaan pajak itu sendiri cenderung mengalami perlambatan. Kondisi ini memberikan indikasi bahwa perlu dilakukan langkahlangkah perbaikan di masa mendatang terkait dengan pelaksanaan reformasi perpajakan tersebut. Untuk mengusulkan strategi-strategi yang perlu dilakukan untuk memperbaiki proses reformasi perpajakan di masa mendatang dilakukan analisis kualitatif deskriptif dengan alat analisis SWOT.

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This thesis discussed about the impact of the tax reforms on the efficiency of the Indonesia tax system. By using data panel method, the change of tax ratio for each kind of tax (PPh Non Migas, PPN, PBB, Cukai, Bea Masuk, Pajak Ekspor and Pajak Lainnya) was able to calculated. From the econometric model, the conclusion was the tax reform 2000 was the most significant to improve the efficiency of the Indonesia tax system. Although the tax reforms can improve the efficiency of the Indonesia tax system but the indication of the slight growth of the tax ratio and tax revenue could be used as a signal for tax authority to make improvement for the next tax reforms. For this purpose, this thesis also discussed how to rebuild the next tax reform by using SWOT analysis to formulate the strategies needed as an improvement."

"ABSTRAKA tax reform was made by the Government of Indonesia in 1984. However, inefficiency seem to be still prevalent in the Indonesian tax system. Comparison with other countries during the period 1991 to 1994, for example, indicates that the Indonesia tax ratio is in a lower position. This thesis is intended to study the effect of the 1984 tax reform on the efficiency of the Indonesian tax system. The level of taxation model calculates the tax ratio needed when the rate of economic growth has been determined. This model basically uses the Harrod models on economic growth as a starting point and modifies it by including tax variables. Tax capacity model correlates selected macro economic variables to the tax variables to obtain the optimum capacity of collecting tax. The tax elasticity model correlates tax elasticity with other selected economic variables. The important thing in this model is the effort to separate the growth of the tax into automatic and discretionary one. Optimization model has basically the same features with the tax capacity model, i.e., to find out the optimum tax function using certain selected variables. In the optimization model, however, objectives and constraints which are not considered in the tax capacity model are included. The general equilibrium model includes the tax variables into the economic general equilibrium model. The econometric model developed in this thesis is basically a tax capacity type of model. The efficiency of tax system in this study is developed using the concept of optimum "input-process-output" relationship. Output is the optimum tax collection. Input will be represented by selected economic variables. Taxes are assessed on economic activities. These activities will be reported in the macroeconomic information system where those selected economic variables are part of them. In addition to input-output relationship, the growth of taxes may also be affected by a discretionary variables (process factor). The discretionary variables, include, among others, tax policy, tax administration, tax personnel and environment. In this econometric tax modeling, the discretionary variables will be represented by a dummy variables representing tax reform. The approach used in this study will be, first, to develop a simultaneous econometric model. The improvement on the Indonesia tax system will be tested using the model above through its dummy variable. The selected economic variables will be classified into group of activities which consist of: (1) aggregate demand; (2) balance of payment; (3) monetary; (4) government budget and; (5) aggregate supply. Variables Y (Gross domestic product), C (Consumption), I (Investment), X (Export), M (Import) and GR (Government Revenue) are selected from the aggregate demand. The balance of the payment group will be represented by X (Export) and M (Import). The monetary and government budget are represented by M2 (supply of money which indicates the economy's liquidity) and the government revenue. The aggregate supply will be represented by Y (Gross Domestic Product), number of employment (N) and Investment (I). Description of symbols in the equations could be found in the main chapters of this thesis. In addition to the econometric model, a non statistical analysis will also be made to support the statistical evaluation. The analysis comprises of qualitative, quantitative and correlative analysis. The qualitative analysis compares the substance of the new law against the old one. It is concluded, based on this analysis, that tax paid by the taxpayers may not decrease, although less tariff was introduced under the new law. This statement applies both for income as well as value added taxes. This conclusion has the implication that the increase in the government tax revenues will be dependent upon tax administration and law enforcement. Besides, the taxpayers' awareness and compliance will also play a role in the growth of tax revenue. The quantitative analysis focuses on the growth and structural changes of tax revenue. There are two variables evaluated i.e., the tax revenue itself and the number of taxpayers. The average annual growth rate of tax revenue per taxpayer is 5.7% for income tax and 57.5% for value added tax. 61% of the growth rate of income tax is primarily due to the increase in the member of taxpayers while the remaining 39% is due to increase in the volume of activities. The value added tax has the reverse situation. The growth rate of value added tax is primarily due to increase in volume of activities (91 %) and the remainder is caused by the increase of taxpayers. Based on this analysis certain preliminary findings could be drawn: (1) value added tax collection is more efficient than the income tax or; (2) the effective tax rate of value added tax is higher than the income tax. The growth analysis indicates that the value added tax grew faster than income tax. The annual growth rate of income tax were 30% and 23.5% respectively for 10 years before and after tax reform. On the other hand, the percentages for value added tax were 24% ten years before tax reform and 37.5% ten years after that. The consequences of the different growth rate above were the changes in the structure of tax revenue. Direct taxes as a proportion to total tax revenue decreased from 41% during the period of 10 years before tax reform to 40% ten years after that. The proportion of income tax also decreased from 37.5% to 36.5% during the same period. Value added tax, on the other hand, has a different situation. The proportion of value added tax to total tax revenue has been increasing from 19% during 10 years before tax reform to 35.5% ten years after that. Meanwhile, the proportion of indirect taxes to total revenue increased from 59% to 60% during the same period. The correlative analysis was done by relating tax revenue with selected economic variables i.e., Gross Domestic Product (Y), Export (X), Import (M), and supply of money (MD). Three types of taxes were evaluated i.e., income tax, value added tax and total tax revenue. Two method of analysis were used i.e., ratio analysis and point of elasticity. The conclusions reached based on the above analysis are: a. The increment of value added tax revenue due to tax reform was higher than the increment of income tax. b. Tax reform causes tax structure more regressive. c. Tax reform seems to increase the efficiency of the Indonesia tax system. The above conclusion is supported by data such as the fact that ratio of income tax to gross domestic product has increased from 2.54% ten years before tax reform into 3.31% ten years later. The percentages for value added tax were 1.32% before tax reform and 3.23% ten years later. The point elasticity of income tax t0 gross domestic product has increased from 1.12 to 1.42 during the same period. The related numbers for value added tax are 0.08 and 2.35, respectively. The statistical test performed, using time series data of 1973174 to 1993194, concluded that the model is not fit to be used for estimation. Revision to the model, using logarithmic form, come up with the new one as follows: (1) In Typph = 5,75 - 1,25 In Y-0,11 In I.2 + 0,54 In X + 0,40 In MD (0,00) (0,00) (0,01) (0,00) (0,00) Calculated F: 0,00 Adj. R-Squared: 0,79 (2) In TYPPN = 0,36 In 1.2 + 0,38 In X - 0,82 In M + 0,14 In MD - 0,25 TR (0,00) (0,00) (0,00) (0,01) (0,07) Calculated F: 0,00 Adj. R-Squared: 0,87 (3) In TYOT = 4,56 - 0,80 In Y + 0,55 In X (0.00) (0,00) (0,00) Calculated F: 0,00 Adj. R-Squared: 0,76 (4) In C 0,90 In Y (0,00) Calculated F: NIA Adj. R-Squared: 0,96 (5) In I = -3,33 + 1,18 In Y (0,00) (0,00) Calculated F: 0,00 Adj. R-Squared: 0,99 (6) In X = 0,80 In MIGAS (0,00) Calculated F: N/A Adj. R-Squared: 0,87 (7) In M = 0,88 In Y (0,00) Calculated F: NIA Adj. R-Squared: 0,96 (8) In MD = -9,21 - 0,45 In r + 2,07 In Y (0,00) (0,01) (0,00) Calculated F: 0,00 Adj. R. Squared: 0,95 (9) In GR = 2,42 + 0,93 In FA (0,00) (0,00) Calculated F: 0,00 Adj. R-Squared: 0,99 (10) In Y = 0,17 In N + 0,82 In I (0,00) (0,00) Calculated F: 0,00 Adj. R-Squared: 0,99 It should be noted that with such revision, the type of the model has been changed from tax capacity to tax elasticity model. Significant results were obtained for all equation in the model during the statistical test using Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR). Interpretation of the coefficients of the tax equations in the revised model concludes that: a. Income tax has a negative elasticity relationship with gross domestic product (Y) and Investment two years lag (L2). Elasticities between income tax and export (X) and supply of money (MD) are positiive. b. Value added tax has a negative relationship with import (I) and tax reform (TR). Positive elasticity was obtained between value added tax and two years lag investment (L2), export (X) and supply of money (MD). c. Other taxes has a negative elasticity relationship with gross domestic product (Y) and a positive relationship with export (X). The implication of the above results can be summarized below: a. Tax reform has an effect on the collection of income tax. The growth of this tax was basically due to automatic growth instead of discretionary one. Meanwhile, although tax reform has an effect on the collection of value added tax, the effect was negative, meaning that tax reform did not improve the efficiency of the tax system. b. The growth of income tax did not have a relationship with the growth of gross domestic product and two years lag of investment. This is an abnormal situation which could be interpreted that the efficiency of the income tax collection can still be improved. The positive relationship between the growth of income tax and export and supply of money is deemed to be appropriate. c. Value added tax grew negatively if it is related to the growth of import. Additionally, this model indicates that the growth of value added tax does not have any relationship with the growth of gross domestic product. These two phenomena seem to be abnormal. It could be an indication that the efficiency of the value added tax collection can still be improved. The positive relation between values added tax and export, two years lag investment and supply of money is deemed to be appropriate. d. Other tax has a negative relation with the growth of gross domestic product. Efficiency improvement is still probable with this kind of tax. Positive relationship with export is deemed to be appropriate. This study comes up with certain recommendations as follows: 1. The efficiency of income and value added tax collection can still be improved. Improvement should be made on tax administration, law enforcement and certainty and clarity on rules and regulation. 2. The policy on final withholding on income tax should be implemented prudently. This policy may cause the tax system more regressive. The tax object selected should be focused on those related to individual taxpayers rather than corporate taxpayers. Additionally, the final tax withholding should be assessed on the lower income group representing the mass taxpayers. 3. Tax model should be used in the projection of tax revenue. By doing this, more justification could be provided when determining. the target for tax revenue. Additionally, this model could be used as a tool for analyzing the effects of any policies issued by the Government relating to the variables (sectors) included in the model. Preferably the tax model should be combined with the general equilibrium model of the Indonesian macro economy. 4. Tax reform has been proven as being able to increase tax revenue. It is recommended that similar reforms could be made on other taxes and non tax revenue. Attention should be made on non tax revenue, because there is a great potential to develop revenue from this sector. Pricing of the Government services should be reconsidered. At present the pricing of such services does not consider the cost of providing it mainly because it is assumed that the cost would be recovered through taxes. In the context of globalization, however, reconsideration of government services pricing is a must. By doing this, the efficiency of the whole economy may be increased. It should be noted, however, that a cross subsidy concept should also be considered in the pricing process. 5. This study also indicates that the structure of tax revenue is becoming more and more regressive. Attention should be made on income tax. Tax collection efficiency should be improved. The tax payers awareness and compliance program should be focused on this tax. The extensification program should always be continued. Meanwhile, tax rules and regulation should always be kept updated. Law enforcement should be focused on middle class individual (corporate) tax payers. 6. This study also conclude that the tax reform does not have a significant impact to the efficiency of income tax collection system. The learning period needed to reach optimum condition need to be extended. It is therefore recommended that fundamental changes should be avoided. Efforts should continually be made on the improvement of the present system, both internally and externally. The internal improvement includes updating of rules and regulations, computerization of data system and procedures and staff development. External improvement includes, extensification program, law enforcement and integration with other supporting systems such as legal and accounting. We hope that this study will benefit the readers and stimulate other more comprehensive studies to be made."

"Perjalanan pelaksanaan reformasi perpajakan di Indonesia tidak hanya terjadi pada tahun 1985 tetapi juga dilanjutkan dengan reformasi perpajakan dalam bidang organisasi Direktorat Jenderal Pajak. Pada dasamya reformasi administrasi perpajakan yang dilakukan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pajak pada tahun 1985, 1994, 1997 dan 2000 temyata belum berubah struktur organisasi yang Iebih ramping tetapi hanya melakukan penambahan seksi dan sub seksi.Kelemahan administrasi perpajakan tersebut disebabkan oleh belum optimalnya upaya reformasi administrasi yang dilakukan khususnya berkaitan dengan reformasi struktur, prosedur, strategi dan budaya sehingga reformasi administrasi yang dilakukan selama masih terfokus pada reformasi administrasi dari aspek reorganisasi dengan memperbesar struktur organisasi, memperbanyak jumlah pegawai dan memperbesar jalur prosedur.Hampir seluruh kehidupan perseorangan dan perkembangan dunia bisnis dipengaruhi oleh ketentuan peraturan peruandang-undangan perpajakan. Pengaruh tersebut kadang-kadang cukup berarti, sehingga bagi para eksekutif komponen pajak merupakan komponen yang harus mendapat perhatian yang serius dan merupakan factor yang menentukan bagi lancarnya suatu bisnis. Perencanaan pajak (tax planning) memerlukan suatu langkah-langkah yang tepat agar tax planning dapat berjafan baik dan tentu saja tidak menyimpang dari tujuannya.Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut di atas, maka pokok masalah dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut; Bagaimana pelaksanaan sistem administrasi perpajakan modern pada KPP Wajib Pajak Besar dan Sejauh mana pengaruh system administrasi perpajakan modern terhadap Perencanaan Pajak (Tax Planning) Wajib Pajak Hal ini menjadi pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penulis.Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menjelaskan dan menguraikan peran system administrasi perpajakan modern pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Wajib Pajak Besar dalam upaya meningkatkan kepatuhan Wajib Pajak melalui perencanaan perpajakan. Sedangkan metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian tesis ini adalah metode analisis regresi sederhana, Analisis yang dilakukan bersifat analisis kuantitatif.Dari analisis diketahui dalam mengukur hubungan antara Penerapan Sistem Administrasi Perpajakan Modern mempunyai hubungan positif yang kuat dengan Manajemen Perpajakan Wajib Pajak. Nilai signifikansi memberikan arti bahwa hubungan kedua variabel adalah signifikan. Penerapan Sistem Administrasi Perpajakan Modern memberikan pengaruh terhadap Manajemen Perpajakan Wajib Pajak.Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah Pelaksanaan sistem administrasi perpajakan modern mempunyai keunggulan dan perbedaan yang sangat besar. Adanya pemisahan fungsi yang jelas antara fungsi pelayanan, pengawasan, pemeriksaan, keberatan dan pembinaan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari penerapan Sistem Administrasi Perpajakan Modem memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar terhadap Manajemen Perpajakan Wajib Pajak.Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan adanya faktor lain diluar sistem administrasi perpajakan modern, yang dapat meningkatkan wajib pajak dalam memenuhi kewajibannya, fiskus harus mencari faktor lain tersebut. Peran system administrasi perpajakan modern perdu ditingkatkan lebih optimal tanpa melupakan aspek penegakan hukum.

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Tax reform application period in Indonesia is not only hold in 1985 but also continued by ax reform in organization section of tax directorate general. Basically, tax administration reform executed by tax Directorate general in 1985. 1994, 1997 and 200, in fact I has not been changed to make more simple of organization structure but just adding sections and sub sections.

Those tax administration weaknesses because of not optimizing effort of administration reform execution, especially relating to structure reform, procedure, strategy and culture, there for administration reform recently still focusing on administration reform from reorganization aspects and enlarging organization, structure, enlarging quantity of employees and enlarging procedure line.

Pursuant to the above mentioned there is has a fixed a new system and organized in tax administrative modern system and how far the administration modern system influences tax planning taxpayer. It becomes a prime case in the research, which is being done by author.

The goals of the research are to explain and elaborate on how far the tax administration modern system influences tax planning taxpayer. While research method used in writing the thesis is simple regression analysis method, Analysis characteristic is Quantitative analysis.

From the analysis is known that measuring relation between the administration modem systems have positive relation to tax planning taxpayer. It is significant and it is means that relations two variable is significant. Applied the administration modem system give influences to tax planning taxpayer.

Summary of the research is applied the administration modem system have a big advantage different. There is a have a split of a clearly function between services, controlling, audit, objection and education. It is can be see at applied the administration modern system given a enough contribution to tax planning taxpayer.

Recommendation of the research is have the other factor out of the administration modern system can improve taxpayer compliances. Fiscal has to searches another factor. The administration modem system must be improved optimal without forget law enforcement aspect."