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"The market growth of printing industry in Indonesia is followed by the emerging of new companies in this business. This phenomenon forces Ref Graphika, as incumbcnts in a middle-size company in Jakarta, to create strategy that not only to make them survive, but also to gain more pieoes of the market cake. In 2006, the company applies new strategy in the marketing section to focus on the targeted markets that still grow. Those new market are corporate and publisher. Apparently, the strategic changes that the company’s brought in 2006 somehow are not only increase their profit, but also increase its cost, especially in outsourcing cost This company is outsourcing some of their processes to the suppliers. One way to decrease the outsourcing cost is by recalculating the possibility of this process to outsource or to insource. Just before, the decision to outsource or insource a production process is only based on the machine existence in the workshop. The company invests machines one by one as they gain the Capital. Along the way, they reduce the number of process outsourced. And the question will be, is the investment decision at that time is really the best strategy? This question arose because the decision of insourcing in will lead to a long-term investment. For a growth company that has only owner’s wealth equity, the miscalculation regarding this decision might be a boomerang attack the company itself. Because once the decision of making investment has been made; those investments are hardly be liquid back. Even though there is possibility to liquid the investment, there will be lost that cannot be refundable. This thesis is try to bring up on how the decision of investments should be made through insourcing/outsourcing decision. The methods that will be bringing up in this thesis is not only specific on cost calculation, but also will consider the qualitative methods. As the cost calculation will use the relevant cost on comparing the cost different among these two altematives, the qualitative methods will include the analyzing the company’s strategy combined with other risk consideration regarding to outsourcing/insourcing consideration, such as of quality, delivery, and continuity of the process."

"The General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) is one of the company?s organs with the significant role of determining the business course and other issues related to corporate actions; as it is granted by law to the shareholders of the company. Any decision can be made in the GMS; such as determining the shareholders? unanimous concurrence on the proposed meeting agenda or even if the results of the meeting are actually contrary to such agenda caused by dissenting among themselves. However, the GMS can also pose certain obstacles in situations where one or more shareholders (that appear to be a majority shareholder) fail to act in good faith or have an internal dispute with other shareholder(s) in the company. The shareholder concerned can use such majority position to cause a dead-lock in the GMS, as a result of which the rest of the shareholder(s) are unable to make any decisions concerning the proposed GMS agenda. The aim of this article is to look at the effectiveness of Article 86 of the Indonesian Company Law for the purpose of overcoming the above described situation. The said Article 86 was formulated without considering the possibility of shareholder intentionally undertaking such unlawful measures. Moreover, the article is aimed at observing the concordance between the Indonesian Company Law and the Indonesian Procedural Law."

"Sektor konstruksi merupakan sektor industri penyumbang Pendapatan Domestik Bruto keempat terbesar di Indonesia berdasarkan data yang dilansir BPS 2021. Melihat hal tersebut industri disektor konstruksi ini memiliki pontesi yang cukup besar digali lebih jauh lagi. Pada saat ini pemerintah sedang mendukung para UMKM di sektor konstruksi untuk berkolaborasi dengan para BUMN. Salah satu metode yang digunakan dalam menjalakan proyek konstruksi sendiri adalah proyek EPC yang merupakan singkatan dari Engineering, Procurement, dan Construction. Untuk dapat memaksimalkan kesempatan tersebut diperlukan pengendalian proyek yang baik agar proyek dapat berjalan sesuai rencana. Penggunaan alat digital di nilai dapar meningkatkan efektifias dan efisiensi dari pengendalian dalam proyek konstruksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang kerangka sistem informasi pengendalian proyek EPC untuk perushaan kontraktor skala menegah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, didapatkan rancangan 10 Use Case Diagram, 21 entitas Entity Relationship Diagram, 21 tabel Relational Database, 8 Data Flow Diagram, 57 Activity Diagram untuk pengembangan kerangka dari sistem informasi pengendalian proyek EPC.

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The construction sector is the industrial sector that contributes the fourth largest Gross Domestic Product in Indonesia based on data reported by BPS 2021.  Seeing this, the construction sector industry has a fairly large number of opportunities. Currently, the government is supporting MSMEs in the construction sector to collaborate with SOEs.  One of the methods used in running construction projects itself is EPC projects which stands for Engineering, Procurement, and Construction. To be able to maximize this opportunity, good project control is needed to make sure the project can runs according to plan. The use of digital tools in value can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of control in construction projects.  This study aims to design an EPC project control information system framework for a large-scale contractor company. This study generate information system framework that consists of 10 Use Case Diagrams, 21 Entity Relationship Diagram entities, 21 Relational Database tables, 8 Data Flow Diagrams, 57 Activity Diagrams for the development of a framework of information systems EPC project control."

"Additive Manufacturing (AM) adalah metode manufaktur yang menciptakan komponen dengan bentuk kompleks melalui penambahan material layer-by-layer. Meskipun memiliki banyak keuntungan, AM juga memiliki keterbatasan seperti ruang kerja terbatas, yang tergantung pada ukuran bed printer, dan orientasi pencetakan yang memerlukan optimasi untuk mencapai dimensi yang akurat dan mechanical properties dari komponen yang dicetak. Salah satu solusi untuk masalah ini adalah dengan membagi komponen menjadi dua atau lebih bagian untuk dicetak. Hal ini memerlukan perancangan sambungan untuk bagian yang dicetak, sehingga dapat dirakit kembali menjadi bentuk aslinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi metode dan desain terbaik untuk sambungan tersebut. Desain sambungan dioptimasi menggunakan finite element analysis (FEA) untuk memastikan integritas struktural. Penelitian ini juga mengeksplorasi penggunaan Inventor API untuk mengotomatisasi pembuatan bentuk sambungan berdasarkan desain yang dioptimisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desain sambungan yang dioptimalkan memiliki nilai maksimum stress yang lebih tinggi namun tetap berada dalam area safety factor, yang memiliki arti desain dapat untuk digunakan dalam manufaktur komponen berukuran besar dalamadditive manufacturing (AM).

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a manufacturing method that creates components with complex shapes by adding material layer by layer. Despite its advantages, AM has limitations such as a restricted working envelope, which is dependent on the printer bed size, and variable printing orientation that requires optimization to achieve accurate dimensions and mechanical properties of the printed components. One solution to these issues is to divide the component into two or more parts for printing, allowing the final printed component to match the original design. This requires designing joints for the printed parts, enabling them to be reassembled into the original shape. The objective of this research is to identify the best methods and designs for these joints. The joint designs are optimized using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to ensure structural integrity. The study also explores the use of Inventor API for automating the generation of joint shapes based on the optimized designs. Results indicate that the optimized joint designs exhibit higher maximum stress but remain within the safety factor area, confirming their suitability for use in manufacturing large dimensional parts in additive manufacturing (AM)."

"3D Printing adalah metode manufaktur aditif yang menciptakan objek 3D dari model digital. Objek dibuat secara layer-by-layer dengan material seperti plastik, logam, atau bahan organik pada sebuah bed printer. Untuk objek yang lebih besar dari ukuran bed printer, mereka dibagi menjadi beberapa bagian dan disambung menggunakan metode interlocking. Penelitian ini menguji empat jenis balok (U beam, I beam, bar beam, dan hollow beam) yang terbuat dari bahan High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) dengan tiga jenis pembebanan (lentur, aksial, dan puntir). Mekanisme interlocking menggunakan pengunci male-to-female dengan variasi panjang pengunci male. Analisis tegangan dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Autodesk Inventor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mekanisme terbaik: U beam - panjang male locker 10 cm dengan posisi pengencang 5 cm dari pangkal; bar beam dan I beam model 1 - panjang male locker 10 cm dengan posisi pengencang 1,67 cm dari pangkal; H model 2 - panjang male locker 20 cm dengan posisi pengencang 13,33 cm dari pangkal; dan hollow beam - panjang male locker 5 cm dengan posisi pengencang 1,67 cm dari pangkal. Panjang dan posisi ini menghasilkan faktor keamanan terbesar, sehingga cocok untuk aplikasi dengan beban tersebut.

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3D Printing is an additive manufacturing method that creates 3D objects from a digital model. Objects are built layer-by-layer using materials like plastic, metal, or organic matter on a printer bed. For objects larger than the printer bed, they are divided into sections and joined using interlocking methods. This research tested four types of beams (U beam, H beam, bar beam, and hollow beam) made from High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) material with three types of loading (bending, axial, and torsion). The interlocking mechanism used male-to-female locking with variations in the male locker length. Stress analysis was conducted using Autodesk Inventor software. Results showed the best mechanisms: U beam - male locker length of 10 cm with the fastener position 5 cm from the base; bar beam and H beam model 1 - male locker length of 10 cm with the fastener position 1.67 cm from the base; H beam model 2 - male locker length of 20 cm with the fastener position 13.33 cm from the base; and hollow beam - male locker length of 5 cm with the fastener position 1.67 cm from the base. These lengths and positions yielded the largest safety factors, making them suitable for applications with those loads."

"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh sebuah perusahaan konstruksi Indonesia yang berusaha melaksanakan ekspansi ke luar negeri untuk mengembangkan pasarnya. Perusahaan konstruksi ini telah melaksanakan proyek konstruksi di berbagai negara di kawasan Afrika dan Asia Tenggara, diantaranya Aljazair, Timor Leste dan Brunei Darussalam. Risiko-risiko yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan ini di luar negeri lebih tinggi dari pada ketika menjalankan proyek konstruksi di Indonesia. Selain risiko yang bersifat teknikal, juga terdapat risiko-risiko dari bidang lain seperti dalam bidang ekonomi, sosial, politik, dan budaya.Oleh karena itu, Penulis ingin meneliti dampak risiko keuangan dan politik seperti tingkat pajak, tingkat risiko politik, dan tingkat bunga terhadap cost of capital dalam foreign direct investment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dari ketiga variabel tersebut terhadap cost of capital. Masih terdapat faktor-faktor lain seperti risiko sistematis (beta), risk premium, dan risk free rate yang ikut mempengaruhi perhitungan.

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The background of this research comes from an Indonesian construction company who has made its efforts to expand its business internationally. This construction company has gone through several projects in countries of African and South East Asia Territory, which are Algeria, Timor Leste, and Brunei Darussalam. Risks faced by this company are higher than facing risks in Indonesia. Beside technical risks, there are risks in other domain, for example in economy, social, political, and cultural risks.The researcher examines the effects of financial and political risks like tax rate, political risk premium, and interest rate towards cost of capital of its foreign direct investment. The results show that there are no significant relationship between the three variables and the cost of capital. There are other factors like systematic risk (beta), risk premium, and risk free rate which also affected the calculation."

"Proses dispersi pigmen merupakan proses paling penting dan kompleks pada manufaktur tinta cetak. Sebuah perusahaan manufaktur tinta cetak multinasional memproduksi tinta cetak melalui produk setengah jadi atau intermediate yang kemudian dikonversi menjadi tinta cetak siap pakai. Pigmen konsentrat merupakan intermediate dengan proses manufaktur yang paling kompleks karena melibatkan proses dispersi pigmen. Namun, selama periode 2019-2021 nilai persentase Right First Time produksi pigmen konsentrat ada di bawah 70%. Analisis penyebab cacat untuk meningkatkan kualitas pigmen konsentrat sulit dilakukan karena banyaknya faktor yang terlibat dalam prosesnya. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, penggunaan metode Data Mining pada dunia industri telah banyak diteliti. Salah satu aktivitas industri yang dilakukan dengan metode Data Mining adalah klasifikasi kualitas. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pemodelan klasifikasi kualitas tinta cetak berdasarkan proses dispersi pigmen menggunakan Decision Tree, C4.5 dan CART. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan kerangka kerja QM-CRISP-DM merujuk pada penelitian Schafer et al. (2018). Data didapatkan dari logbook produksi dan database ERP perusahaan dari tahun 2019-2021. Model dibuat dengan menggunakan 15 variabel independen dengan target variabel kehalusan partikel, cacat atau tidak cacat. Penggunaan metode over-sampling dengan metode cross-validation menghasilkan akurasi tertinggi, yaitu 83.33%. Perbaikan proses guna mendapat produk yang tidak cacat diajukan berdasarkan model yang telah dibuat.

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The pigment dispersion process is the most important and complex process in printing ink manufacturing. A printing ink manufacturing company produces ink through semi-finished or intermediate products. Pigment concentrate is an intermediate with the most complex manufacturing process because it involves a pigment dispersion process. However, during the 2019-2021 period, the percentage value of the Right First-Time percentage of concentrated pigment production is below 70%. Analysis of the causes of defects to improve the quality of pigment concentrates is difficult because of the many factors involved in the process. Along with technological developments, the use of Data Mining methods in the industrial world has been widely studied. One of the industrial activities carried out using the Data Mining method is quality classification. In this study, a modeling of the quality classification of printing ink based on the pigment dispersion process was carried out using Decision Tree, C4.5 and CART. This research was conducted using the QM-CRISP-DM framework referring to the research of Schafer et al. (2018). The data is obtained from the production logbook and the company's ERP database from 2019-2021. The model is made using 15 independent variables with particle fineness as target variable, defect and not defect. Model with balanced dataset by SMOTE and trained by cross-validation method showed accuracy at 83.33%. Furthermore, improvement actions were proposed based on the constructed model"