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"As a sea passage, the Malacca straits and Singapore Straits are very important to international shipping because it provides the shortest sea raoute between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean...."

"Malacca Strait, as one of the strategic straits in world trade, often face various nontraditional security threats. In accordance with United Nations Convention on the Law of The Sea (UNCLOS), littoral states such as Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia are obligated to maintain the security in Malacca Straits, to ensure that world trades and world economic are not disrupted. This study analyzes how the Malacca straits patrol (MSP) framework is formed by littoral states in order to maintain the security stability in Malacca Strait. The authors employ qualitative method through literature study. The obtained data were analyzed using the theory of defense cooperation and concept of defense diplomacy. The results of the study conclude that MSP, which is consisted of the Malacca Straits Sea Patrol (MSSP), "Eyes-in-the-Sky" Combined Maritime Air Patrols (EiS), and the MSP Intelligence Exchange Group (IEG), is classified as a defense diplomacy activity in the form of multilateral contacts between military officials and multilateral military exercises aimed at increasing mutual trust and defense capabilities of each country."

"ABSTRAKReklamasi pantai yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Singapura telah merubah daratan dan bentuk garis pantai Singapura. Singapura telah melakukan kegiatan reklamasi sejak tahun 1966. Reklamasi yang dilakukan oleh Singapura berkaitan dengan Konvensi PBB tentang Hukum Laut Tahun UNCLOS 1982, sebagai referensi untuk negara-negara yang mengalami masalah atau konflik mengenai wilayah laut. Pada September 2003, Malaysia mengajukan permohonan penegasan Provisional Measures atau perintah interim sesuai dengan Pasal 290 dari Konvensi PBB tentang Hukum Laut Tahun 1982, International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea ITLOS berhak menentukan perintah provisional jika dianggap perlu untuk mempertahankan hak dari suatu pihak/negara, atau untuk mencegah ancaman yang serius bagi lingkungan maritim yakni perintah untuk menentukan batas-batas wilayah, berkaitan dengan kegiatan reklamasi pantai oleh Singapura yang mengancam hak-hak Malaysia di wilayah perbatasan yang memisahkan Malaysia dan Singapura.

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ABSTRACTCoastal reclamation by the Singapore government has changed the shores and shapes of Singapore 39 s coastline. Singapore has undertaken reclamation activities since 1966. Reclamation undertaken by Singapore relates to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UNCLOS , as a reference for countries experiencing problems or conflicts over marine areas. In September 2003, Malaysia filed a request for affirmation of the Provisional Measures or interim order in accordance with Article 290 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea ITLOS has the right to set provisional orders if deemed necessary to defend the right of an Or to prevent serious threats to the maritime environment to set boundaries, in connection with Singapore 39 s coastal reclamation activities that threaten Malaysia 39 s rights in the border region that separates Malaysia and Singapore."

"This paper presents a study of sustainable rating systems for sustainable housing that have been developed by various countries around the world. The objective of this study is to develop aframework for a rating system for housing development by taking into account local requirements. There are numerous sustainable rating systems for buildings and groups of buildings that have been developed and rating tools like Comprehensive Assessment System forBuilding Environmental Efficiency (CASBEE), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), British Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), Green Building (GB) Tool and Green Star influential in the development of otherrating systems. Malaysia has recently launched a rating system for buildings called the Green Building Index (GBI). However, Malaysia hasyet to introduce a rating system for measuring sustainable practices in housing development. Hence, this paper reviews some available toolsrelated to the rating of housing developments for the purpose of developing one for Malaysia. Important factors for developing a tool for measuring sustainability practices should includesustainability criteria that relates to the environment, society, economics, site/land use, communication, and transportation. An index for measuring sustainability in housing development will be developed to suit the local context. The formulated index will take into consideration the parameters in sustainable housing developed by various systems around the world. The index, called A Comprehensive Assessment System for Sustainable Housing (CASSH), will be available for further testing. "

"The regime of navigations for the straits of Mallaca (and Singapore) would be the regime of "Transit passage" as stipulated in Part III of the 1982 UNCLOS...."