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"In paramagmatic research one of the data collection instrument whichreleability is being questioned about its realibility is the Discourse Completion Test (DCT)...."

"Film sebagai wacana sinematik dapat menjadi media untuk membahas hasil kerja sistem linguistik, fitur audio-visual, dan efek visual lainnya dengan menggunakan pendekatan pragmatik. Makalah ini bertujuan menganalisis wacana sinematik sebuah film dokumenter berjudul Audrie and Daisy, yang menggambarkan kronologi perundungan dan kekerasan seksual yang dialami oleh dua siswi sekolah menengah bernama Audrie dan Daisy, dengan menggunakan pendekatan pragmatik. Makalah ini menjelaskan bagaimana sistem linguistik yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan bahasa pada wawancara dan investigasi, sinematografi, dan mise-en-scene pada film berhubungan satu dengan yang lain sehingga menjadikan pesan dan isi cerita menjadi bermakna. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk mendapatkan gambaran dan pemahaman mengenai unsur-unsur penting dalam film. Tujuan dari penelitian ini tidak hanya untuk menunjukkan fitur-fitur wacana sinematik tetapi juga untuk menjelaskan makna tersirat dari fitur-fitur tersebut dalam film dan menganalisis tata organisasi film. Dalam pendekatan pragmatik dan wacana sinematik, gagasan mengenai verbal (suara diegetik) dan non-verbal (suara non-diegetik) berkaitan dengan multimodalitas film yang menjadikan pesan menjadi bermakna. Selain itu, hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa film ini menggunakan pendekatan monochronicity untuk menyusun dokumen sinematografi.

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This study aimed to determine whether A movie as a cinematic discourse can be a medium for examining the work of linguistic system, audio-visual features, and other visual effects by using the pragmatic approach. This paper aims to analyze the pragmatic and cinematic discourse in a documentary movie Audrey and Daisy, which portrays the chronology of bullying and sexual assault experienced by high school students, Audrie and Daisy. This paper describes how the linguistic system which are related to the language use in the interview and investigation, the cinematography, and mise-en-scene of the movie can link to one another to make the message and the content of the story meaningful. This study employs a qualitative research method to gain insight and understanding of the significant elements of the movie. The purpose of this research is not only to point out the features of cinematic discourse but also to explain the meaning of the features in the movie and analyze the organization of this movie. Within the framework of pragmatic and cinematic discourse, the notion of verbal (diegetic sound) and non-verbal (non-diegetic sound) are connected to the multimodality of the movie to make a message purposeful. Also, the findings show that this movie utilizes the monochronicity approach to compose the cinematography document."

"Summary:Places emphasis on pragmatics and covers the core areas of the subject: context and co-text, Speech Act Theory, Conversation Analysis, Exchange Structure, Interactional Sociolinguistics, the Cooperative Principle, and Politeness Theory"

"Ilmu pragmatik sebagai bagian dari ilmu linguistik mulai berkembang di Indonesia pada awal tahun 70-an. Walaupun sudah berjalan sekitar 20 tahun belum banyak orang yang menulis maupun yang membuat penelitian mengenai pragmatik. Saya mencoba membuat penelitian mengenai konvensi pragmatik sekelompok penutur bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jerman.Masalah-masalah yang dibahas dalam tesis ini terdiri atas: bentuk-bentuk pragmatik bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jerman; persamaan dan perbedaan bentuk-bentuk pragmatik bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jerman; dan faktor-faktor pragmatik yang harus ditekankan dalam pengajaran bahasa Jerman di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah; agar diperoleh bentuk-bentuk pragmatik bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jerman; persamaan dan perbedaan bentuk-bentuk pragmatik bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jarman; juga agar diperoleh hal-hal yang harus ditekankan dalam pengajaran bahasa Jerman di Indonesia.Hasil analisis menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang harus ditekankan dalam pengajaran bahasa Jerman ialah pengungkapan makna-makna yang berlainan caranya dalam bahasa Jerman dan dalam bahasa Indonesia, antara lain, pemakaian kata Herr... tidak bisa berdiri sendiri, tidak bisa dikombinasikan dengan nama depan atau nama panggilan, tetapi dikombinasikan dengan nama keluarga. Dalam bentuk sopan santun dipakai bentuk pengandaian Konnten Sie...? serta klausa pengandaian "Es ware nett, ...." Pemakaian partikel vielleicht; mal; doch besar pengaruhnya dalam kalimat sopan santun.Juga bentuk es dan man yang tidak terdapat dalam bahasa Indonesia perlu ditekankan oleh pengajar bahasa Jerman.

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Pragmatics is a discipline that has been developed since in the early 1970s. Although it has been over 20 year now, not many people have written nor showed an interest in this area. This Thesis is an attempt to study the pragmatic convention of a group of speakers both in the Indonesian and German language.The problems discussed in this thesis are as follows: the differences and similarities of pragmatic forms in both Indonesian and German; and pragmatic factors that should be emphasized in the teaching of Indonesian and German. The purpose of this study is to obtain the pragmatic forms in Indonesia, the similarities and differences in pragmatic form in both Indonesian and German; and to find the factors that should be emphasized in teaching of German-in IndonesiaThe finding in this analysis shows that the factors that should be emphasized in the teaching of German the differences in the expression of meanings in Indonesian and German, for example, the word `Herr' which cannot occur in isolation, and cannot be use with forenames or nicknames, but it should occur with Emily names. The polite form in German uses the conditional forms `Konnten Sle.... ?' and the conditional clause `Es ware nett '. The Use of the particles `vielleicht, mil, dock' has a great effect the polite forms. Also the forms `es' and `man' that do not exist in Indonesian should be emphasized by the teacher of German."

""Pragmatics is the study of human communication: the choices speakers make to express their intended meaning and the kinds of inferences that hearers draw from an utterance in the context of its use. This Handbook surveys pragmatics from different perspectives, presenting the main theories in pragmatic research, incorporating seminal research as well as cutting-edge solutions. It addresses questions of rational and empirical research methods, what counts as an adequate and successful pragmatic theory, and how to go about answering problems raised in pragmatic theory. In the fast-developing field of pragmatics, this Handbook fills the gap in the market for a one-stop resource to the wide scope of today's research and the intricacy of the many theoretical debates. It is an authoritative guide for graduate students and researchers with its focus on the areas and theories that will mark progress in pragmatic research in the future"--"

""Pragmatics is the study of human communication: the choices speakers make to express their intended meaning and the kinds of inferences that hearers draw from an utterance in the context of its use. This Handbook surveys pragmatics from different perspectives, presenting the main theories in pragmatic research, incorporating seminal research as well as cutting-edge solutions. It addresses questions of rational and empirical research methods, what counts as an adequate and successful pragmatic theory, and how to go about answering problems raised in pragmatic theory. In the fast-developing field of pragmatics, this Handbook fills the gap in the market for a one-stop resource to the wide scope of today's research and the intricacy of the many theoretical debates. It is an authoritative guide for graduate students and researchers with its focus on the areas and theories that will mark progress in pragmatic research in the future"-- Provided by publisher."Pragmatics is the study of human communication: the choices speakers make to express their intended meaning and the kinds of inferences that hearers draw from an utterance in the context of its use. This Handbook surveys pragmatics from different erspectives, presenting the main theories in pragmatic research, incorporating seminal research as well as cutting-edge solutions. It addresses questions of rational and empirical research methods, what counts as an adequate and successful pragmatic theory, and how to go about answering problems raised in pragmatic theory. In the fast-developing field of pragmatics, this Handbook fills the gap in themarket for a one-stop resource to the wide scope of today's research and the intricacy of the many theoretical debates. It is an authoritative guide for graduate students and researchers with its focus on the areas and theories that will mark progress in pragmatic research in the future"-- Provided by publisher.Contents Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction: pragmatic objects and pragmatic methods Kasia M. Jaszczolt and Keith Allan; Part I. Problems and Theories: 2. Research paradigms in pragmatics Mira Ariel; 3. Saying, meaning, and implicating Kent Bach; 4. Implying and inferring Laurence R. Horn; 5. Speaker intentions and intentionality Michael Haugh and Kasia M. Jaszczolt; 6. Context and content: pragmatics in two-dimensional semantics Berit Brogaard; 7. Contextualism: some varieties François Recanati; 8. The psychology of utterance processing: context vs. salience Rachel Giora; 9. Sentences, utterances, and speech acts Mikhail Kissine; 10. Pragmatics in update semantics Henk Zeevat; 11. The normative dimension of discourse Jaroslav Peregrin; 12. Pragmatics in the (English) lexicon Keith Allan; 13. Conversational interaction Michael Haugh; 14. Empirical investigations and pragmatic theorising Napoleon Katsos; Part II. Phenomena and Applications: 15. Referring in discourse Arthur Sullivan; 16. Propositional attitude reports: pragmatic aspects Kasia M. Jaszczolt; 17. Presupposition and accommodation in discourse Rob van der Sandt; 18. Negation Jay David Atlas; 19. Connectives Caterina Mauri and Johan van der Auwera; 20. Spatial reference in discourse Luna Filipović; 21. Temporal reference in discourse Louis de Saussure; 22. Textual coherence as a pragmatic phenomenon Anita Fetzer; 23. Metaphor and the literal/nonliteral distinction Robyn Carston; Part III. Interfaces and the Delimitation of Pragmatics: 24. Pragmatics in the history of linguistic thought Andreas H. Jucker; 25. Semantics without pragmatics? Emma Borg; 26. The syntax/pragmatics interface Ruth Kempson; 27. Pragmatics and language change Elizabeth Closs Traugott; 28. Pragmatics and prosody Tim Wharton; 29. Pragmatics and information structure Jeanette K. Gundel; 30. Sociopragmatics and cross-cultural and intercultural studies Istvan Kecskes; 31. Politeness and pragmatics Marina Terkourafi."