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"Masyarakat adat mendiami dan tersebar di seluruh dunia dari Kutub Utara sampai dengan Pasifik Selatan, mereka berjumlah sekitar 370 juta. Sebaran wilayah tempat tinggal mereka mencangkup 22 persen dari permukaan bumi yang secara kebetulan merupakan daerah di mana 80 persen konsentrasi keanekaragaman hayati dunia berada. Masyarakat adat memiliki keterikatan yang erat dengan alam. Keterikatan itu menjadikan mereka memiliki sikap hidup, cara pandang dan budaya yang sangat menghargai alam. Praktek kehidupan mereka selaras dengan upaya menjaga keanekaragaman hayati. Hukum Internasional melalui Konvensi Keanekargaman Hayati mulai mengapresiasi dan memberikan perlindungan kepada hak masyarakat adat atas keanekaragaman hayati. Meski demikian, praktek‐praktek perampasan hak atas tanah, wilayah, dan biopiracy masih marak terjadi. Masyarakat adat juga sampai saat ini masih berjuang untuk mendapatkan pengakuan penuh atas hak menentukan nasib mereka sendiri karena dengan adanya pengakuan hak inilah mereka tidak hanya dapat menjamin keberlangsungan mereka tetapi juga dapat meneruskan sumbangsih positif mereka dalam menjaga lingkungan dan keanekaragaman dunia. Melihat kesenjangan antara pengakuan dan perlindungan hukum dengan praktik yang terjadi atas hak masyarakat adat di bidang keanekaragaman hayati, skripsi ini berupaya memberikan gambaran bagaimana hukum internasional melindungi hak masyarakat adat di bidang keanekaragaman hayati? Bagaimana negara‐negara seperti Brazil, Kamerun, Australia dan Malaysia melindungi hak tersebut bagi masyarakat adat di negara mereka masing‐masing? Kemudian bagaimana Indonesia melindungi hak keanekaragaman hayati masyarakat adatnya?

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Indigenous Peoples live and dwell stretch from north pole to southern pacific, approximately there are about 370 milions of them. They live in areas that cover 22 percents of earth surfaces, where apparently 80 percents of biological diversities concentrated. Indigenous peoples have strong and long ties with mother earth. The strong‐connection induces their ways of live, paradigms and cultures in so that they cherish, preserve and honor the nature. Their daily life practices intact with biodiversity preservation. Through the Convention of Biological Diversity, international law has begun to apreciate and protect Indigenous Peoples' Biodiversity Right. Nevertheless, practices of lands dispossession, miss‐appropriations of their traditional knowledges, biopiracy, existed until this very day. Meanwhile, Indigenous Peoples have been struggling to seek full acknowledgement of their self‐determination right, because with the recognition, they are not just may preserve their existance but also continue their positive contributions in preserving and protecting the environments and the world's biodiversity. Knowing the imbalance between the recognition, and protection of laws and negative practices against indigenous peoples right on biodiversity, this paper would like to draw how does international law protect indigenous peoples rights on biodiversity? How do international communities, specifically Brazil, Cameroon, Australia and Malaysia protect their Indigenous Peoples' Rights on biodiversity? Then, how Indonesia protecting such rights?"

"Studi Keankaragaman Hayati Di Situs Song Keplek Punung Pegunungan Sewu, Kabupaten Pacitan, Jawa TimurPasca Sarjana Biologi-FMIPAUI,2000Penelitian fosil polen dan spora di Danau Wuyang Warak dan Kerta Gebang Kawasan karst Pegunungan Sewu, Jawa Timur, dilakukan pada 3 periode, yaitu : 20 - 23 Desember 1997, 26 28 April 1998, dan tanggal 7 - 8 Maret 1999. Pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukan dengan teknik pengeboran sampai kedalaman ± 6 m. Di setiap lokasi diambil masing-masing dua contoh tanah. Pengamatan polen dan spora menggunakan mikroskop binokuler transmisi merek Leits dengan perbesaran 1.250 kali. Determinasi dilakukan pada foto polen menggunakan buku- buku acuan ; Erdtman (1943 & 1986), Hyde & Adams (1958), Kapp (1969), Huang (1972), Moore & Webb (1978), Morley (1977), Murillo & Bless (1978) dan foto-foto koleksi laboratorium eksploitasi LEMIGAS, Jakarta serta preparat dan slide yang telah teridentifikasi.Hasil identifikasi fosil polen dan spora mengindikasikan bahwa di daerah penelitian pernah menjadi habitat bagi tumbuhan mangrove, back mangrove, hutan rawa air tawar, hutan hujan pegunungan bawah, hutan hujan pegunungan atas dan bawah, serta riparian.Masyarakat di kawasan karst Kecamatan Punung Pegunungan Sewu mengupas lapisan kapur pada lahan yang datar dan setengah miring untuk dijadikan sawah dan kebun serta menanam jenis tanaman yang dianggap mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi tanpa mernperdulikan kemampuan medium tumbuh. Pola eksploitasi pertanian tradisional yang ada yaitu pola pertanian di Pulau Jawa yang intensif dan pola di luar Pulau Jawa dengan cara tebas bakar dan masa kosong.Pola pertanian di kawasan karst Pegunungan Sewu berkembang akibat adanya pertambahan penduduk, pemekaran pemukiman dan daerah pertanian yang menggunakan pola bertani intensif dengan memanfaatkan daerah-daerah marginal atau hutan lindung.

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Situs Song Keplek is one of the pre-historic sites which is located at Kecamatan Punung apart the Sewu mountain limestone formation right in the border of Central and East Java provinces.

The limestone formation of the Sewu mountain had undergone several physiographic transformations since the Pleistocene time or from two million years ago up to the present.

This study is intended to describe past ecosystem Situs Song Keplek based on fossilized pollens and spores escavated from the sites and present floral composition of the situs.

The research was carried (conducted) out in three different visits on December 20 - 23, 1997; April 26 - 28 1998, and March 7 - 8 1999.

The fossil samples were taken from the bottom or the sediment of Wuyang Warak lake which is still watered up until today and Kerta Gebang lake which is only seasonally watered. The study identified 53 species of 29 families of plants. In Wuyang Warak lake, it was found 29 species of angiosperms and 9 species of pteridophytes with high frequency of Monoprites annulatus (83 pollens), followed by Cyatides sp. (50 spores), Blechnum fraxineum (46 spores), Lycopodium elavatum (28 spores), Podocarpus amaurus (28 pollens), and Lycopodium microphyllum (27 spores). In Kerta Gebang lake, there were 17 species of angiosperms and 18 species of pteridophytes with high frequency of Monoprites annulatus (210 pollens), followed by Podocarpus amaurus (163 pollens), Pteris ensiformis (17 spores), Selaginella sp. (11 spores), and Mimosa sp. (10 pollens).

Sorensen similarity indeks reveals an index of 24% similarity of pollens and spores between two lakes.This figure indicates that the two locations were different in term of their floral compositions which were probably due to their different physiographic environment altitude during the past.

Approximately about 10000 years ago, the sites probably composed of the mangrove back mangrove fresh water tropical rain forest and riparian ecosystems.

The incontinuity of the vegetation pattern in the area could be related to the change of the climate as well as by the presence of human being in the environment since long time.

The findings of Wuyang Warak and Kerta Gebang lakes show a similarity with those of Julianto (1994) who conducted a research in Nampol formation, Jaten formation, and Andjarwati (2000) who conducted a research in Situs Kali Banjar and Situs Gua Tabuhan. The pollen and spore fossils found in Jaten formation concisted of 53 species and 5 families of plants, while in Jaten formation concisted of 32 species and 5 families of plants, in Situs Kali Banjar, the pollen and spore fossils were from 21 familiesof plants and in Situs Gua Tabuhan were from 16 families of plants.

Karst vegetation of the Sewu mountain is not various and mostly composed of wild bushes grows covering the slope of the hill. This is because the people replace the formely existing forest with vegetation of economic value.

Our record on the Baduy practice of agriculture, indicates that traditional wisdom contribute to the conservation of the environment as well as the variety of the local plants and forest. The slash and burn practice of agriculture does not disturb the soil surface, hence proverigation of the soil is prevented."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian fosil polen dan spora d1 Danau Wuyang Warak dan Kerta Gebang Kawasan karst Pegunungan Sewu Jawa Timur d1lakukan pada 3 penode ya1tu 20 - 23 Desember 1997 26 - 28 April 1998 dan tanggal 7 - 8 Maret 1999 Pengamb1lan contoh tanah d1lakukan dengan tekmk pengeboran sampa1 kedalaman ± 6 m 01 set1ap lokas1 d1amb1l mas1ng-mastng dua contoh tanah Pengamatan polen dan spora menggunakan m1kroskop b1nokuler transm1s1 merek Le1ts dengan perbesaran 1 250 kah Determinas1 d1lakukan pada foto polen menggunakan buku- buku acuan Erdtman (1943 & 1986) Hyde & Adams (1958) Kapp (1969) Huang (1972) Moore & Webb (1978) Morley (1977) Murillo & Bless (1978) dan foto-foto koleks1 laboratonum eksplo1tas1 LEMIGAS Jakarta serta preparat dan slide yang telah tendent1fikas1 Has1l 1dent1f1kas1 fos1l paten dan spora mengind1kas1kan bahwa d1 daerah peneht1an pernah menJad1 habitat bag1 tumbuhan mangrove back mangrove hutan rawa air tawar hutan huJan pegunungan bawah hutan hujan pegunungan atas dan bawah serta npanan Masyarakat d1 kawasan karst Kecamatan Punung Pegunungan Sewu mengupas lap1san kapur pada lahan yang datar dan setengah mmng untuk d1Jad1kan sawah dan kebun serta menanam Jems tanaman yang d1anggap mempunya1 rnla1 ekonom1 tmgg1 tanpa memperduhkan kemampuan medium tumbuh Pola eksplo1tas1 pertaman trad1s1onal yang ada ya1tu pola pertarnan d1 Pulau Jawa yang mtens1f dan pola d1 luar Pulau Jawa dengan cara tebas bakar dan masa kosong Pola pertaman d1 kawasan karst Pegunungan Sewu berkembang ak1bat adanya pertambahan penduduk pemekaran pemuk1man dan daerah pertaman yang menggunakan pola bertam mtens1f dengan memanfaatkan daerah-daerah marginal atau hutan hndung."