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"Latar belakang: xylitol merupakan gula alkohol (polyols) dengan 5 ikatan rantai karbon yang dilaporkan bermanfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Dalam bidang kedokteran gigi, xylitol memiliki peran sebagai bahan antikaries gigi karena dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Namun, efek xylitol terhadap sel-sel pulpa gigi belum diketahui. Pulpa gigi merupakan jaringan yang sensitif terhadap paparan benda asing. Pada pulpa gigi yang terbuka, xylitol dapatmenimbulkan efek biologik sel. Tujuan: untuk mendeteksi efek paparan xylitol terhadap protein total dan profil protein medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi. Metode: sel-sel pulpa gigi didapat dari jaringan pulpa gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, kemudian dikultur dalam medium DMEM (37ºC, 5% CO2) hingga confluent. Kemudian dilakukan subkultur dengan kondisi yang sama selama semalam. Kelompok perlakuan dipaparkan xylitol dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 8%, dan 16%, tetapi kelompok kontrol tidak dipapar xylitol. Konsentrasi protein total medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi diukur dengan menggunakan Bradford protein assay pada panjang gelombang 655 nm. Sedangkan profil protein medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi dianalisis dengan teknik SDS PAGE. Hasil: rerata konsentrasi protein total (µg/ml ± SD) medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi pada kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2% (24.253,71 ± 2.363,29), xylitol 4% (21.925,42 ± 1.001,38), xylitol 8% (25.456,51 ± 4.569,45), dan xylitol 16% (26.306,66 ± 5.550,82) secara statistik dengan Oneway ANOVA lebih rendah bermakna (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol (33.395,64 ± 4.209,08). Dari hasil SDS PAGE, ternyata tidak terjadi perubahan profil protein medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi setelah pemaparan xylitol. Simpulan: konsentrasi protein total medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi menurun setelah pemaparan dengan xylitol, namun profil protein medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi tidak mengalami perubahan.

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Background: xylitol is one of sugar alcohol (polyols) with 5 carbon atoms which is reported to have benefits to our health. In dentistry, xylitol has anti-caries effect as the growth of Streptococcus mutans could be inhibited. However, the xylitol effects on dental pulp have not been known yet. Dental pulp tissue is sensitive to foreign substances. Xylitol could penetrate the exposed dental pulp and induce the biological response of the cells.

Objective: to detect the effects of xylitol on dental pulp cells determined by total protein and protein profile of culture medium of the dental pulp cells (in vitro).

Methods: dental pulp cells were obtained from healthy and freshly extracted teeth. Then, they were cultured in DMEM medium (37ºC, 5% CO2) until confluent approximately 2 days. Subsequently they were subcultured and used as samples. The treatment groups were treated with xylitol 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2 for overnight, while the control groups without xylitol. The total protein of culture medium was determined by Bradford protein assay in 655 nm. Whereas, the protein profile of culture medium were analized by SDS PAGE method.

Results: the mean of total protein? concentration (µg/ml ± SD) of culture medium in treatment groups with xylitol 2% (24.253,71 ± 2.363,29), xylitol 4% (21.925,42 ± 1.001,38), xylitol 8% (25.456,51 ± 4.569,45), dan xylitol 16% (26.306,66 ± 5.550,82) were lower than control group (33.395,64 ± 4.209,08). The comparison between the controls and treatment groups were analysed by Oneway ANOVA. All the treatment groups were signifcantly different compared with the controls (p<0,05). By SDS PAGE, the protein profile of culture medium in all treatment groups was not altered.

Conclusion: the total protein? concentration of culture medium of the dental pulp cells were decreased after treated with xylitol. However, the protein profile of culture medium of dental pulp cells was not altered."

"Latar belakang: xylitol adalah gula alkohol dengan 5 ikatan rantai karbon yang memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Dalam bidang kedokteran gigi, xylitol memiliki peran sebagai antikaries gigi karena dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans penyebab karies gigi. Namun belum diketahui efek pemaparan xylitol terhadap sel-sel pulpa gigi. Pulpa gigi merupakan jaringan yang sensitif terhadap paparan benda asing. Pada pulpa gigi yang terbuka, xylitol dapat menimbulkan efek biologik. Tujuan: untuk mendeteksi efek paparan xylitol dalam beberapa konsentrasi terhadap protein total dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi secara in vitro. Metode: sampel penelitian berasal dari sel-sel pulpa gigi sehat (tanpa karies) yang baru diekstraksi. Selanjutnya dikultur selama semalam dan dilanjutkan dengan subkultur selama semalam. Kemudian kelompok perlakuan xylitol dipaparkan xylitol dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 8%, dan 16%, sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak diberi paparan xylitol. Protein total sel-sel pulpa gigi diukur dengan menggunakan metode Bradford assay dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode SDS PAGE. Hasil: rerata konsentrasi protein total (µg/ml ± SD) sel-sel pulpa gigi kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2% (23031,305 ± 1636,87), kelompok perlakuan xylitol 4% (26380,865 ± 3278,0), kelompok perlakuan xylitol 8% (23192,574 ± 1441,39), dan kelompok perlakuan xylitol 16% (21498,481 ± 2633,37) memiliki rerata konsentrasi protein total sel-sel pulpa gigi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (19013,045 ± 2188,51) dan memiliki perbedaan bermakna berdasarkan uji statistik Oneway ANOVA. Namun, antar kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2%, 4%, 8% dan 16% tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05). Pada gambaran profil protein, tampak terjadi perubahan profil protein pada kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2% dan 8%. Simpulan: pada penelitian ini terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi protein total dan perubahan profil protein selsel pulpa gigi setelah pemaparan xylitol.

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Background: xylitol is sugar alcohol with 5 carbon atom in the molecule which has many benefits for human health. In dentistry, xylitol is an anti-cariogenic agent as it can inhibit Streptococcus mutans growth. Nevertheless, the effect of xylitol exposure to dental pulp cells has not been known yet. Dental pulp is a sensitive tissue toward exposure of several agents. In the exposed dental pulp, xylitol can cause biological effects.

Objectives: the effect of xylitol with several concentrations determined to total protein and protein profile of the dental pulp cells culture.

Methods: the dental pulp cells were obtained from healthy and freshly extracted teeth (non-caries). Furthermore, dental pulp cells were cultured overnight and then subcultured another overnight. Afterwards, xylitol treatment group was exposured by 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% xylitol, while control group was not exposured by xylitol. Total protein cells was measured by Bradford assay method and protein profile was analized by SDS PAGE.

Results: the mean of total protein (µg/ml ± SD) cells concentration? of 2% xylitol group (23031,305 ± 1636,87), 4% xylitol group (26380,865 ± 3278,0), 8% xylitol group (23192,574 ± 1441,39), and 16% xylitol group (21498,481 ± 2633,37) were statistically higher than the control group (19013,045 ± 2188,51). However, there were not significant differences between 2%, 8%, and 16% xylitol groups. From the result of SDS PAGE, it was shown that there was altered protein profile in 2% and 8% xylitol group.

Conclusions: in this research, the concentration of total protein cells were increased and the cells protein profile was altered in the dental pulp cells after xylitol exposured."

"Latar belakang: xylitol adalah gula alkohol berantai karbon lima (polyol) yang banyak digunakan sebagai pemanis alami dalam bentuk permen karet untuk mencegah karies gigi. Xylitol memiliki efek antikaries karena dapat menghambat pertumbuhan S. mutans yang merupakan salah satu agen utama penyebab karies gigi, menurunkan pembentukan plak dan meningkatkan remineralisasi gigi. Pulpa gigi berperan penting bagi vitalitas gigi. Pada pulpa gigi yang terbuka, xylitol dapat berpenetrasi dan menimbulkan efek biologik pada sel. Tujuan: untuk mendeteksi efek xylitol terhadap viabilitas dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi (in vitro). Metode: sel-sel pulpa gigi didapat dari gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, dan dikultur dalam medium kultur DMEM (37°C, 5% CO2) hingga confluent. Selanjutnya sel-sel tersebut disubkultur pada kondisi yang sama selama semalam di 24-wellplate. Setelah itu kelompok perlakuan dipaparkan xylitol dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 8% dan 16%. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak diberi xylitol. Viabilitas sel diukur dengan MTT assay. Sedangkan profil protein dianalisis dengan SDS PAGE. Hasil: rerata optical density (OD) kelompok xylitol 2% (1,784 ± 0,052), 4% (2,465 ± 0,057), 8% (2,168 ± 0,162), dan 16% (1,912 ± 0,148) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (1,566 ± 0,069). Uji statistik Oneway ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa seluruh kelompok perlakuan berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol (p<0,05). Persentase viabilitas sel diperoleh dari rerata optical density. Viabilitas sel kelompok xylitol 2% (113,92%), 4% (157,40%), 8% (138,44%), dan 16% (122,09%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (100%). Dari hasil SDS PAGE, tampak perubahan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi. Simpulan: terdapat peningkatan viabilitas sel dan perubahan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi setelah pemaparan xylitol.

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Background: xylitol is five carbon sugar alcohol (polyol) which is used as natural sweetener in chewing gum to prevent dental caries. Xylitol has anticaries effect as it can inhibit the growth of S. Mutans, one of the main etiology of dental caries, decrease plaque formation, and increase tooth remineralization. Dental pulp has an important role in dental vitality. In exposed dental pulp, xylitol can penetrate and induce biological response of the cells. Objective: to detect the effects of xylitol to cell viability and protein profile of dental pulp cells (in vitro). Method: dental pulp cells were obtained from healthy and freshly extracted teeth, and were cultured in DMEM (37°C, 5% CO2) until confluent. Subsequently, they were subcultured in same condition overnight on 24-well plate. Afterwards, the treatment groups were exposed by 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% xylitol. Whilst, the control group was not exposed by xylitol. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Whereas, the protein profile was analized by SDS PAGE. Results: the mean of optical density of treatment group with xylitol 2% (1,784 ± 0,052), 4% (2,465 ± 0,057), 8% (2,168 ± 0,162), and 16% (1,912 ± 0,148) were higher than control group (1,566 ± 0,069). Statistical test Oneway ANOVA showed that all the treatment groups were significantly different compared with the control (p<0,05). The percentage of cell viability was obtained from the mean of optical density. The cell viability of xylitol 2% (113,92%), 4% (157,40%), 8% (138,44%), dan 16% (122,09%) were higher than control group (100%). From SDS PAGE, there was protein profile alteration. Conclusion: there was an increased of cell viability and the alteration of protein profile of dental pulp cells after treated with xylitol."

"Latar belakang: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) merupakan salah satu monomer yang terkandung dalam bahan tambal resin komposit. Jika resin komposit mengalami polimerisasi tidak sempurna, TEGDMA dengan mudah terlepas ke dalam rongga mulut dalam beberapa menit hingga jam setelah penambalan, kemudian berpenetrasi mencapai pulpa. TEGDMA yang terlepas dilaporkan bersifat sitotoksik. Tujuan: Menentukan efek TEGDMA (4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM) terhadap protein total dan profil protein medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi. Metode: Sel-sel pulpa didapat dari jaringan pulpa gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, kemudian dikultur pada medium kultur DMEM. Setelah sel kultur tampak confluent (±2 malam), dilakukan subkultur yang kemudian digunakan sebagai sampel pada penelitian ini. Selanjutnya, kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi pada kelompok perlakuan masing-masing dipapar TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM. dan diinkubasi pada suhu 37°C, 5% CO2 selama 24 jam. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak dipaparkan TEGDMA. Konsentrasi protein total medium kultur diukur menggunakan Bradford protein assay lalu dibaca dengan microplate reader pada panjang gelombang 655 nm. Kemudian, identifikasi profil protein medium kultur dilakukan dengan metode SDS PAGE. Hasil: Nilai rerata konsentrasi protein total medium kultur (µg/ml ± SD) kelompok perlakuan TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM berturut turut adalah 28635.85 ± 2373.39, 35288.41 ± 3469.47, dan 38199.79 ± 2752.47. Nilai-nilai tersebut lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol 27073.83 µg/ml ± 2772.46. Analisis statistik one way ANOVA menunjukan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok perlakuan TEGDMA 8 mM dan 12 mM dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Hasil identifikasi profil protein medium kultur menunjukan tampak perubahan profil protein pada setiap kelompok setelah pemaparan TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM. Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini konsentrasi protein total medium kultur meningkat dan profil protein medium kultur mengalami perubahan setelah pemaparan TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM pada sel-sel pulpa.

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Background: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is one of monomer that contained in composite resin restoration. TEGDMA could be released from composite resins to the oral cavity following incomplete polymerization in a few minutes to hours after the placement of restoration, and then the monomers of TEGDMA could penetrate the dental pulp. TEGDMA that released was reported has cytotoxic effects.

Objectives: To determine the effect of TEGDMA (4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM) on total protein and protein profile of culture medium of the dental pulp cells.

Methods: The pulp cells were isolated from the pulp of the freshly extracted teeth, and cultured in culture medium of DMEM. After the cells visually confluent (±2 nights), subcultured to be used as samples. Afterwards, the cells culture in treatment group were treated with TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2 for 24 hours. Whereas, in control group without TEGDMA exposure. The concentration of total protein in culture medium was measured by Bradford protein assay then were read by microplate reader in 655 nm. Then, the protein profile of culture medium was identified by SDS PAGE method.

Result: The mean of total protein of culture medium (µg/ml ± SD) on treatment groups of TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM were 28635.85 ± 2373.39, 35288.41 ± 3469.47, and 38199.79 ± 2752.47 were higher than the controls 27073.83 ± 2772.46. One way ANOVA statistic analysis showed that treatment group of TEGDMA 8 mM and 12 mM were significant different compared with the control group (p<0,05). The protein profile of culture medium was altered after TEGDMA exposure.

Conclusion: In this research the total protein of culture medium was increased and its protein profile was altered after exposure of TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, and 12 mM to dental pulp cells."

"Latar belakang: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) merupakan salah satu monomer yang terkandung dalam resin komposit. Jika polimerisasi resin komposit tidak sempurna, TEGDMA dapat terlepas ke dalam rongga mulut dalam beberapa menit hingga jam dan dapat berpenetrasi mencapai pulpa. TEGDMA dilaporkan bersifat toksik terhadap sel dan jaringan rongga mulut. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek TEGDMA terhadap sel-sel pulpa gigi ditentukan berdasarkan viabilitas dan profil protein sel pulpa (in vitro). Metode: Sel-sel pulpa berasal dari jaringan pulpa gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, kemudian dikultur dalam DMEM (37o C, 5% CO2) sampai confluent (± 2 malam). Selanjutnya dilakukan subkultur dengan kondisi yang sama selama 1 malam pada 24-wellplate. Kemudian pada kelompok perlakuan dipaparkan TEGDMA dengan konsentrasi 4 mM, 8 mM dan 12 mM selama 24 jam; sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak dipaparkan TEGDMA. Viabilitas sel diukur dengan menggunakan MTT assay dan hasilnya dibaca dengan microplate reader (490 nm), sedangkan gambaran profil protein dideteksi dengan menggunakan SDS-PAGE dan diinterpretasikan dengan menggunakan Gel Doc. Hasil: Rerata optical density (OD) ± SD kelompok perlakuan TEGDMA 4 mM (1,71 ± 0,08); 8 mM (1,59 ± 0,11); dan 12 mM (1,50 ± 0,16) lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (1,81 ± 0,11). Uji statistik One Way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa nilai rerata OD kelompok TEGDMA 8 mM dan 12 mM berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0.05). Profil protein sel mengalami perubahan setelah pemaparan TEGDMA. Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini viabilitas sel menurun dan terjadi perubahan profil protein sel setelah pemaparan TEGDMA.

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Background: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is one of monomer contained in composite resin. If the polimerized was incomplete TEGDMA could bereleased into oral cavity in minutes to hours and could penetrate to the dental pulp. Itwas reported that TEGDMA has cytotoxic effects to cells and tissues in oral cavity.

Objectives: To determine the toxic effect of TEGDMA on dental pulp cells culture based on cell viability and Protein Cell Profile.

Methods: The pulp cells were isolated from the pulp tissue of the freshly extracted teeth, cultured in DMEM (37o C, 5% CO2) until confluent (± 2 nights). Afterwards, subcultured with the same condition overnight in 24-wellplate. Then, the treatment groups were treated with TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM for 24 hours, whereas in control group without TEGDMA exposure. The optical density of cell viability was measured by MTT assay then it was read with microplate reader in 490 nm. The protein cell profile was identified by SDS-PAGE method and analyzed by Gel Doc.

Results: Mean optical density ± SD of TEGDMA treatment group 4mM (1,71 ± 0,08), 8mM (1,59 ± 0,11), and 12 mM (1,50 ± 0,16) were lower than the control group (1,81 ± 0,11). One Way ANOVA analysis showed that TEGDMA treatment group 8 mM and 12 mM had significant differences compared with the control group (p<0,05). The protein profile of cells was altered after TEGDMA exposure.

Conclusion: In this research the cell viability was decreased and the protein profile of cells was altered after TEGDMA exposure."

"Latar belakang: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) merupakan salah satu monomer yang terkandung dalam bahan tambal resin komposit. Jika polimerisasi tidak sempurna, TEGDMA dapat dengan mudah terlepas ke dalam rongga mulut beberapa menit hingga jam setelah penambalan, dan dapat berpenetrasi ke dalam pulpa. TEGDMA yang terlepas dilaporkan bersifat toksik terhadap jaringan dan sel tubuh.Tujuan: menentukan efek TEGDMA terhadap protein total dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi.Metode: sel-sel pulpa didapat dari jaringan pulpa gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, kemudian dikultur pada medium kultur DMEM. Setelah sel kultur tampak confluent (±2 malam), dilakukan subkultur dari kultur primer tersebut, yang kemudian diinkubasi kembali pada suhu 37° C dan 5% CO2 selama 1 malam pada 24- well plate. Kemudian dilakukan pemaparan TEGDMA dengan konsentrasi 4mM, 8mM dan 12mM, selama 24 jam, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak dilakukan pemaparan TEGDMA. Penentuan konsentrasi protein total sel pulpa dilakukan dengan menggunakan Bradford protein assay. Profil protein sel pulpa diidentifikasi dengan teknik SDS-PAGE. Analisa berat molekul protein sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan Gel Doc (Band Analysis Quick Guide).Hasil: Rerata konsentrasi protein total sel (µg/ml ± SD) pada kelompok perlakuan dengan TEGDMA 4mM (22762,27±3385,87) dan 8mM (20268,44±1701,14) memiliki nilai dibawah kelompok kontrol (24253,77±3072,88). Sedangkan kelompok perlakuan dengan TEGDMA 12mM (23706,51±3214,52) memiliki nilai konsentrasi protein total sel di atas kelompok 4mM dan 8mM, namun masih tetap di bawah kelompok kontrol. Berdasarkan uji statistik dengan one way ANOVA, hanya kelompok TEGDMA 8mM yang memiliki perbedaan rerata konsentrasi protein total sel yang bermakna (p=0.037) terhadap kelompok kontrol. Selanjutnya dari gambaran profil protein yang terbentuk pada gel elektroforesis, tampak perubahan profil protein sel pada setiap kelompok setelah paparan TEGDMA.Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini terjadi penurunan konsentrasi protein total sel dan perubahan profil protein sel pulpa gigi setelah pemaparan TEGDMA dengan konsentrasi 4mM, 8mM, dan 12mM.

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Background: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is one of monomer that contained in composite resin restoration. When polymerization is incomplete, this compound could leache into oral cavity in minutes to hours after the restoration, and could penetrate the dental pulp. TEGDMA has been reported to be cytotoxic to the tissues and cells.Objective: to determine the effects of TEGDMA on total protein and protein profile of the dental pulp cells.Methods: the dental pulp cells were collected from the dental pulp tissues of the freshly extracted teeth, and cultured in culture medium of DMEM. After the growth of cultured cells was confluent (±2 nights), the cells were subcultured then incubated (37°C, 5% CO2) overnight in 24-well plate. Afterwards, the cells were exposed to TEGDMA with concentrations of 4mM, 8mM, and 12mM, for 24 hours, meanwhile in control group without TEGDMA exposure. The concentration of total cell protein was measured by Bradford protein assay. The protein profile of the dental pulp cells were identified by SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of sample protein was analyzed by Gel Doc (Band Analysis Quick Guide).Results: The mean of total cell protein concentration (µg/ml ± SD) on treatment groups of 4mM TEGDMA (22762,27±3385,87) and 8mM (20268,44±1701,14) were lower than the controls (24253,77±3072,88). Whereas, the total cell protein concentration of treatment group of TEGDMA 12mM (23706,51±3214,52) was higher than the treatment groups with TEGDMA 4mM and 8mM, but it was still lower than the controls. According to one way ANOVA statistic test, only the treatment group with TEGDMA 8mM was significantly lower than the controls (p=0.037). Furthermore, the protein profile identified by electrophoresis gel, showed the profile alteration after TEGDMA exposure.Conclusion: In this research the total cell protein concentration was decreased and the protein profile of the dental pulp cells was altered after exposure with TEGDMA 4mM, 8mM, and 12mM."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menginvestigasi efektivitas dental pulp stem cells DPSCs dalam menginduksi proses regenerasi jaringan pada defek tulang kelinci New Zealand dengan menilai kadar alkaline phosphatase ALP dan gambaran histologis. Defek kritis dibuat pada tulang femur kelinci dan transplantasi DPSCs dilakukan terhadap kelompok perlakuan, sedangkan defek pada kelompok kontrol dibiarkan kosong. Pada minggu ke-2 dan ke-4 pasca tindakan operatif, dilakukan pengukuran kadar ALP dalam serum menggunakan colorimetric assay. Setelah 4 minggu, kelinci dikorbankan dan dilakukan analisis terhadap gambaran histologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada minggu ke-2, kelompok kelinci yang diberi perawatan dengan DPSCs memiliki kadar ALP yang lebih tinggi 157,925 ?U daripada kelompok kontrol 155,361 ?U dan peningkatan terjadi di minggu ke-4 dengan nilai yang lebih besar pada kelompok DPSCs 169.750 ?U dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol 160.406 . Evaluasi histologis menunjukkan bahwa sejumlah lamela tulang dan osteosit mengisi area defek dari kelompok DPSCs. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa transplantasi DPSCs efektif dalam menginduksi dan mempercepat progresivitas regenerasi jaringan.

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This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of dental pulp stem cells DPSCs to induce bone regeneration in New Zealand rabbits by assessing the level of alkaline phosphatase ALP and histological view. The critical defect was created in the left femoral bone of the rabbits and transplantation of DPSCs was conducted to the treated group while the defect in the control group was left empty. In 2nd week and 4th week postoperative, ALP level in rabbits serum were measured using colorimetric assay. After 4 weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed and analyzing of histological views were conducted.

The results showed that in the 2nd week, rabbit treated DPSCs group had higher level of ALP 157,925 U than the control group 155,361 U and increasing occured in the 4th week with greater score in DPSCs group 169.750 U compared to the control group 160.406 U . Histological evaluation revealed that the amount of bone lamellae and osteocytes filled the defect area of DPSCs group. Therefore, transplantation of DPSCs are effective to induce and accelerate bone regeneration by raising ALP level and forming new bone tissue."

"ABSTRAKDisertasi ini membahas modifikasi mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) menjadi nanopartikel mineral trioksida (NMT) dan menentukan potensi NMT tersebut dengan cara menganalisis aktivitas proliferasi dan diferensiasi sel punca mesensimal pulpa gigi serta maturasi sel ke arah odontoblas. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain eksperimental laboratorik Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa a) NMT meningkatkan proliferasi dan tidak toksis terhadap DPSC dan SHED; b) NMT meningkatkan aktivitas ALP khususnya pada SHED; c) NMT meningkatkan aktivitas OC khususnya pada DPSC; d) NMT meningkatkan aktivitas DSPP pada DPSC dan SHED; e) NMT meningkatkan jumlah deposit kalsium dan matrik ekstrasellular pada DPSC dan SHED.

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ABSTRACTThe Dissertation discussed the modification of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to nanoparticle mineral trioxidea (NMT) and determining NMT potential by analyzing the proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and maturation activities to odontoblasts. The quantitative research used experimental laboratory design. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that a) NMT increased cells proliferation and was not toxic to DPSC and SHED; b) NMT increased ALP activities, especially on SHED; c) NMT increased OC activities, especially on DPSC; d) NMT increased DSPP activities on DPSC and SHED; e) NMT increased the quantity of calcium deposit and extracellular matrix on DPSC and SHED."

"Latar Belakang : Sel stromal yang dapat digunakan untuk regenerasi pada defek tulang diantaranya adalah Dental Pulp Stromal Cells (DPSC) dan Stromal Cells from Human Exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Pada penelitian yang sudah ada, ditemukan bahwa terdapat differentially expressed genes (DEGs) pada beberapa gen homeobox salah satunya gen CUX1 yang mengalami penurunan ekspresi pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum dibandingkan subjek normal. Gen CUX1 atau Cut-like-homeobox 1 merupakan faktor transkripsi yang berperan dalam kontrol proliferasi dan diferensiasi. Validasi DEGs perlu dilakukan untuk memahami bagaimana gen diekspresikan dalam subjek yang sehat dan sakit serta dapat digunakan untuk memperoleh wawasan mengenai suatu penyakit. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini ditujukan untuk memvalidasi gen homeobox CUX1 sehingga dapat mengetahui karakteristiknya pada sel DPSC dan SHED pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum serta membandingkannya dengan DPSC subjek normal. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi karakteristik sel stromal gigi permanen (DPSC) dan sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung (SHED) pasien celah bibir dan palatum dan pasien normal melalui ekspresi gen homeobox CUX1. Metode: Sampel RNA DPSC subjek normal, DPSC CLP, SHED CLP diperoleh dari bahan biologis tersimpan Laboratorium Biologi Oral Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji ekspresi gen CUX1 dengan quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Hasil : Tidak terdapat perbedaan ekspresi gen CUX1, baik antara DPSC subjek normal dengan DPSC CLP (p = 0,839) dan antara DPSC CLP dengan SHED CLP (p = 0,411). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan karakteristik sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen dan gigi sulung pada subjek normal dengan subjek celah bibir dan palatum melalui ekspresi gen homeobox CUX1 sehingga dapat digunakan untuk perawatan rekayasa jaringan menggantikan autologous bone graft.

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Background : Stromal cells that can be used to regenerate bone defects include Dental Pulp Stromal Cells (DPSC) and Stromal Cells from Human Exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). In existing studies, it was found that there are differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in several homeobox genes, one of which is the CUX1 gene, which has decreased expression in cleft lip and palate patients compared to normal subjects. The CUX1 or Cut-like-homeobox 1 gene is a transcription factor that plays a role in the control of proliferation and differentiation. It is necessary to validate DEGs to understand how genes are expressed in healthy and diseased subjects and can be used to gain insight into a disease. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the homeobox gene CUX1 to determine its characteristics on DPSC and SHED in cleft lip and palate patients and compare them with DPSC from normal subjects. Objective : To evaluate the characteristics of Dental Pulp Stromal Cells (DPSC) and Stromal Cells from Human Exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in cleft lip and palate and normal subject through the expression of the CUX1 homeobox gene. Methods : RNA samples from normal subject’s DPSC, cleft lip and palate subject’s DPSC and cleft lip and palate subject’s SHED were obtained from stored biological material in the Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia. Then, the CUX1 gene expression test was performed using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Result : There was no difference in CUX1 gene expression, both between DPSC in normal subjects and DPSC in cleft lip and palate subjects (p = 0.839) and between DPSC in cleft lip and palate subjects and SHED in cleft lip and palate subjects (p = 0.411). Conclusion : There were no differences in the characteristics of the dental pulp stromal cells and Stromal Cells from Human Exfoliated deciduous teeth between normal subjects and cleft lip and palate subjects through the expression of the CUX1 homeobox gene so that it can be used for tissue engineering treatment to replace autologous bone graft."

"Latar Belakang: Sumber sel stromal yang paling ideal digunakan dalam rekayasa jaringan adalah sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen (DPSC) dan sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung (SHED) dikarenakan sifat proliferasinya yang tinggi. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, dinyatakan bahwa terdapat peningkatan ekspresi gen homeobox salah satunya yaitu gen ALX4 sebagai pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum dengan subjek normal. Gen ALX4 adalah gen homeobox dibawah famili Alx dan memiliki peran langsung dalam perkembangan dan pembentukan kepala serta wajah serta mentranslasi protein yang meregulasi perkembangan dan proliferasi sel, pendewasaan dan diferensiasi sel, pergerakan sel, dan pertahanan sel. Namun, karakteristik DPSC dan SHED dilihat dari ekspresi gen ALX4 pada subjek normal dan pasien celah bibir dan palatum belum diketahui. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi karakteristik DPSC dan SHED subjek normal dan pasien CLP berdasarkan ekspresi gen ALX4. Metode: DPSC subjek normal, DPSC pasien celah bibir dan palatum, dan SHED pasien celah bibir dan palatum diperoleh dari bahan biologis tersimpan Laboratorium Oral Biologi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Selanjutnya ekspresi gen ALX4 dan housekeeping gene GAPDH diuji dengan two step quantitative RT-PCR (RT-PCR). Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan ekspresi gen ALX4 baik diantara DPSC subjek normal dengan DPSC CLP (p=0,407) maupun DPSC CLP dengan SHED CLP (p=0,145). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan karakteristik sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen dan sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung pada subjek normal dengan pasien celah bibir dan palatum berdasarkan ekspresi gen ALX4.

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Background: The most ideal sources of stromal cells used in tissue engineering are dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) due to their high proliferative properties. In previous studies, it was stated that there was an increase in the expression of homeobox genes (differentially expressed genes (DEGs), one of which was the ALX4 gene as in cleft lip and palate patients with normal subjects. The ALX4 gene is a homeobox gene under the Alx family and has a direct role in the development and formation of the skull and human face, along with the ALX4 proteins that regulate cell development and proliferation, cell maturation and differentiation, cell movement, and cell defence. However, the characteristics of ALX4 gene expression in DPSC and SHED in normal and cleft lip and palate patients are not known. Objective: To evaluate and compare the characteristics of Dental Pulp Stromal Cells (DPSC) and Stromal Cells from Human Exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in cleft lip and palate and normal subjects by the expression of the ALX4 homeobox gene. Methods: DPSC of normal subjects, DPSC of CLP patients, SHED of CLP patients were obtained from stored biological material in the Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia. Then, the examination of ALX4 gene expression was tested by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Results: There was no difference in ALX4 gene expression between DPSC in normal subjects and DPSC in cleft lip and palate subjects (p=0,407) and between DPSC in cleft lip and palate subjects and SHED in cleft lip and palate subjects (p=0,145). Conclusion: There were no differences in the characteristics of the pulp stromal cells of permanent and primary teeth in normal subjects with cleft lip and palate subjects through the expression of the ALX4 gene."