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"The ability of native bacteria to utilize diesel fuel as the sole carbon and energy source was investigated in this research...."

"Many microorganisms capable of degrading petroleum components have been isolated and few of the seem to be important for petroleum biodegradation in natural environments...."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pH pertumbuhan optimum dari 3 strain Acetobacter xylinum yang dimiliki oleh Universitas Indonesia Culture Collection, yaitu strain UICC-B,UICC-P, dan UICC-T. Substrat fermentasi berupa limbah cair tahu yang ditambahkan dengan 12,5% sukrosa (gala pasir) dan 0,5% NH4H2PO4 yang disterilisasi pada suhu 115°C selama 5 menit. Substrat dibagi atas 4 kelompok yang masing-masing diatur sehingga mempunyai pH awal 4,5 ; 5,0 ; 5,5 ; atau 6,0. Ke dalam setiap kalompok substrat fermentasi diinokulasikan dengan 105 (vlv) Axylinum UICC-B, UICC-P, atau UICC-T. Biakan diinkubasi pada suhu ruang selama 14 hari untuk strain UICC-P dan UICC-T sedangakan strain MCCB diperpanjang hingga 21 hari.. Pertumbuhan diukur melalui ketebalan nata yang terbentuk. Pada akhir fermentasi dilakukan juga pengukuran pH substrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketebalan rata rata strain UICC-P (1,384 -1,514cm) dan. UICC-T (0,910 - 1,132 cm) lebih besar dari ketebalan rata rata UICC-B (0,420 - 0,978 cm), walaupun waktu inkubasi UICC-B telah diperpanjang. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa strain UICC-P merupakan strain terunggul dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dalarn industri fermentasi nata. Pertumbuhan ke dua strain, UICC-P dan UICC-T, tidak dipengaruhi oleh pH awal substrat fermentasi sedangkan strain UICC-B walaupun pertumbuhannya lambat, tampak akan tumbuh lebih baik pada pH di atas pH 5, 0."

"Bakteriosin dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri terutama yang memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat dengan bakteri penghasil. Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) telah diketahui dapat menghasilkan bakteriosin yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba. Bakteriosin berpotensi digunakan sebagai komplemen antibiotika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi serta mengkarakterisasi aktivitas bakteriosin dari BAL galur Leuconostoc dengan optimasi pH dan suhu inkubasi. Penelitian dilakukan melalui penentuan zona hambatan menggunakan metode difusi agar cara sumuran dan penentuan potensinya berdasarkan metode Konsentrasi Hambat Minimal (KHM). Bakteri indikator yang digunakan adalah Leu. mesenteroides TISTR 120 dan JCM 6124, Staphylococcus aureus FNCC 0047, Listeria monocytogenes FNCC 0156, Escherichia coli FNCC 0183, Pseudomonas aeruginosa FNCC 0063, Salmonella typhi FNCC 0165 dan Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0061. Katalase, Tripsin dan Protease K digunakan sebagai uji konfirmasi berdasarkan hasil skrining pengujian aktivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Leu. mesenteroides MBF7-17 dan MBF2-5 menghasilkan bakteriosin yang hanya dapat menghambat Leu. mesenteroides TISTR 120 dan JCM 6124. Hasil penentuan potensi bakteriosin berdasarkan KHM dari BAL penghasil bakteriosin pada pH dan suhu inkubasi optimum yaitu pH 6 dan 32°C adalah 90% untuk Leu. mesenteroides MBF2- 5 dan 80% untuk Leu. mesenteroides MBF7-17.

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Bacteriocin can inhibit bacteria mostly those which have close relationship to the producer bacteria. Lactid Acid Bacteria (BAL) are known to produce bacteriocins which have function as antimicrobial activity. Bacteriocin has potentially been used as antibiotic complement.

This research aimed to isolate and characterize bacteriocins activity from Leuconostoc strains. Optimization of pH and incubation temperature have also been carried out.

This research used well diffusion agar method and bacteriocin potency assay by performing MIC. Bacterial indicators that used in this research are Leu. mesenteroides TISTR 120, and JCM 6124, Staphylococcus aureus FNCC 0047, Listeria monocytogenes FNCC 0156, Escherichia coli FNCC 0183, Pseudomonas aeruginosa FNCC 0063, Salmonella typhi FNCC 0165 and Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0061. Catalase, Trypsin and Protease K were also used following the screening assay for confirmation test.

Results showed that both Leu. mesenteroides MBF2-5 and MBF7-17 possessed bacteriocin activity although against both Leu. mesenteroides only, the TISTR 120 and JCM 6124 indicators strains. Result for bacteriocin potency assay of bacteriocin producer LAB i.e. Leu. mesenteroides MBF2-5 and MBF7-17 by performing MIC done at optimation pH incubation temperature, i.e. pH 6 and 32°C, showed value of 90% and 80%, respectively."

"Among twenty one isolates, obtained from "aren" (Aretga Rinnata) vinegar, 10 isolates were identified as acetic acid bacteria, belong to genus Acetobacter. Isolates no. 12 was used as inoculum for vinegar fermentation. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Y-17) was provided by University of Indonesia Culture Collection.Two hundred fifty grams of pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel was boiled for 1.5 hours and then filtered to obtain the extract. Aquadest was added into substrate to obtain 1 litre of extract and then added with 15% or 20% castor sugar. Substrate was sterilised at 121°C for 10 minutes.Fermentation was carried out in syrup bottle containing 540 ml substrate. Approximately 60 ml of starter containing mix-culture with diffrent ratio of 1 day old S. cer visiae (106 cfu/ml) and 5 days old Acetobacter sp. no.12 {10 cfu/ml) was inoculated into the substrate. The ratio of yeast cells to bacteria were follow: (1:1); (2:1); (3:1} or (4:1). Fermentation was set up in room temperature (3O -- 32°C for 1 month. The concentration of acetic acid was titrated with standarised NaOH.Result of this study showed that substrate with 15% sugar yielded (1.1 - 1.4)% acetic acid. The average acetic acid concentration from substrate with 20% sugar were (0.44 - 0.89%). It was concluded that substrate with 15% sugar gave higher concentration and the best ratio of starter was (1 : 1)."

"[Pada akhir tahun 2012 diperkirakan bahwa 3.3 juta pengungsi di dunia tinggal di kamp penampungan sementara. Persediaan bahan bakar masak kepada kamp-kamp sering kali mengalami kekurangan, sehingga penggungsi terpaksa untuk mendapatkan bahan bakar melalui penebangan liar pohon disekitar kamp. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk men-design system digestasi anaerobik sebagai alternatif sumber bahan bakar. Digestasi anaerobic pada temperatur tinggi (>50°C) mempunyai kecepatan reaksi lebih tinggi dengan memerlukan energi agitasi lebih kecil. Design yang di ajukan oleh penelitian ini adalah sistem digestasi anaerobik semi-batch yang dioperasikan pada temperature 55°C. Design yang diajukan di modelkan menggunakan model IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) pada temperatur operasi normal 35°C dan 55°C. Analisa Monte-Carlo juga dilakukan untuk menetukan kestabilan model terhadap perubahan feed masuk ke reaktor. Hasil model menunjukan bahwa digester yang dioperasikan pada temperature tinggi (55°C) menghasilkan produksi biogas lebih tinggi dengan volume reactor lebih kecil. Penelitian ini jika diterapkan dengan benar dapat menyediakan alternatif sumber bahan bakar bagi pengungsi di berbagai belahan dunia.;It is estimated by year?s end of 2012 that 3.3 million refugees across the world is living in planed/managed camp. Supply of cooking fuel by aid agencies to these camps has not always meet demands and has resulted in refugees resorting to dangerous practice of deforestation. The aim of the project is to design an alternative method of producing cooking fuel to these camps by using anaerobic digestion, anaerobic digestionconducted at elevated temperatures of (>50°C) has been observed to have faster rate of fermentation while requiring less agitation. The design proposed by the project is a semi-batch anaerobic digester operated at a temperature of 55°C. The IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) was used to model the behaviour of the digesters operating at both 35°C and 55°C. While using a Monte-Carlo analysis approach, to observe the digester sensitivity to varying feed inputs. The proposed design was analysed to be cost appropriate while still producing a higher yield of biogas compared to digesters operated at lower temperatures of 35°C. If applied this design could be used to provide a healthier and more sustainable source of cooking fuel for refugee camps across the world., It is estimated by year’s end of 2012 that 3.3 million refugees across the world is living in planed/managed camp. Supply of cooking fuel by aid agencies to these camps has not always meet demands and has resulted in refugees resorting to dangerous practice of deforestation. The aim of the project is to design an alternative method of producing cooking fuel to these camps by using anaerobic digestion, anaerobic digestionconducted at elevated temperatures of (>50°C) has been observed to have faster rate of fermentation while requiring less agitation. The design proposed by the project is a semi-batch anaerobic digester operated at a temperature of 55°C. The IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) was used to model the behaviour of the digesters operating at both 35°C and 55°C. While using a Monte-Carlo analysis approach, to observe the digester sensitivity to varying feed inputs. The proposed design was analysed to be cost appropriate while still producing a higher yield of biogas compared to digesters operated at lower temperatures of 35°C. If applied this design could be used to provide a healthier and more sustainable source of cooking fuel for refugee camps across the world.]"

"Latar Belakang: Pada tanggal 12 Maret 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) mengumumkan penyakit Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) sebagai pandemi yang disebabkan oleh virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infeksi virus dapat menyebabkan kolonisasi organ yang terinfeksi akibat penurunan respon imun oleh patogen akibat penurunan respons imun serta masuknya bakteri patogen melalui akses yang diperantarai oleh mikroorganisme oportunis. Hingga saat ini telah banyak studi yang membahas COVID-19 dari aspek epidemiologi dan karakteristik klinis namun informasi terkait infeksi sekunder akibat bakteri pada COVID-19 masih terbatas.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dengan dengan menelusuri data rekam medis pasien yang memiliki riwayat perawatan pneumonia COVID-19 di ruang isolasi Pinere RSUP Persahabatan sejak 1 Januari 2021 - 31 Desember 2021. Total sampel pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 111 pasien.Hasil Penelitian: Total pasien pneumonia COVID-19 yang dirawat di ruang isolasi Pinere selama tahun 2021 yaitu sebanyak 718 pasien. Pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi adalah sebanyak 111 pasien. Karakteristik pasien pneumonia COVID-19 didominasi oleh jenis kelamin laki-laki, median usia 53 tahun, lama rawat 11 hari, status gizi obesitas, belum divaksin, derajat keparahan sedang, penggunaan antivirus remdesivir, antibiotik levofloksasin, azitromisin dan kortikosteroid. Terdapat pertumbuhan bakteri pada 41,5% hasil biakan yang terdiri dari gram negatif (38,8%) dan gram positif (2,7%). Klebsiella pneumoniae merupakan bakteri gram positif terbanyak yang tumbuh, sedangkan Enterococcus faecalis merupakan satu-satunya gram positif yang tumbuh. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara hasil biakan patogen saluran napas terhadap luaran pasien pneumonia COVID-19 (nilai p=0,738). Derajat keparahan tidak berhubungan dengan hasil biakan, tetapi berhubungan dengan luaran pasien pneumonia COVID-19.Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara hasil biakan patogen saluran napas terhadap luaran pasien pneumonia COVID-19.

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Background: World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus on March 12, 2020. Viral infections can cause colonization of infected organs due to decreased immune response and entry of pathogenic bacteria through access mediated by opportunistic microorganism. Until now, there have been many studies discussing COVID-19 from the aspect of epidemiology and clinical characteristics, but information regarding secondary infections caused by bacteria in COVID-19 is still limited.

Methods: The design of this study is cross-sectional by tracing the medical record data of patients who had a history of treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia in the Pinere isolation ward of Persahabatan General Hospital from January 1st 2021 to December 31st 2021. The total sample in this study was 111 patients.

Result: The total number of COVID-19 patients treated in the Pinere isolation room during 2021 is 718 patients. Patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were 111 patients. The characteristics of COVID-19 patients were dominated by male, median age 53 years, length of stay 11 days obesity, not yet vaccinated, moderate severity, use of antiviral remdesivir, antibiotics levofloxacin, azithromycin and corticosteroid. There was bacterial growth in 41,5% of culture results consisting of gram negative (38,8%) and gram positive (2,7%). Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most gram positive bacteria that grows, while Enterococcus faecalis is the only gram positive that grows. There was no relationship between the results of respiratory tract cultures and the outcomes of COVID-19 patients (p value = 0.738). The severity of COVID-19 is not associated to culture results, but is associated to the patient’s outcome.

Conclusion: There was no relationship between the results of respiratory tract cultures and the outcomes of COVID-19 patients."

"Penelitian isolasi bertahap telah dilakukan untuk mendapatkan bakteri pendegradasi fraksi jenuh, aromatik, resin, dan aspal. Isolasi dilakukan terhadap lima sampel tanah terkontaminasi minyak dari Sumatera Selatan. Medium isolasi menggunakan soil extract diperkaya oil recovery atau oil recovery sisa degradasi (OSD) sebagai satu-satunya sumber karbon dan energi sesuai tahapan isolasi. OSD setiap akhir tahap isolasi difraksinasi menggunakan analisis SARA untuk mengetahui fraksi jenuh, aromatik, resin dan aspal. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan enam isolat bakteri terpilih berdasarkan kecepatan degradasi tertinggi pada setiap tahap, satu isolat bakteri pendegradasi fraksi jenuh yaitu Mycobacterium sp. T1H2D4-7 dengan laju degradasi 0,0199 mg/jam dan kepadatan 8,4x10 6cfu/g dari tahap I. Isolat T2H1D2-4 teridentifikasi sebagai Pseudomonas sp. merupakan bakteri pendegradasi fraksi aromatik dengan laju degradasi 0,0141 mg/jam dan kepadatan 5,1x10 6cfu/g diperoleh pada tahap II. Dua isolat yaitu Micrococcus sp. T3H2D4-2 dan Pseudomonas sp. T1H1D5-5 merupakan bakteri pendegradasi fraksi resin yang masing-masing mempunyai laju degradasi 0,0088 mg/jam dengan kepadatan 5,6x10 6cfu/g, dan 0,0089 mg/jam dengan kepadatan 5,7x10 6cfu/g diperoleh dari tahap III. Isolasi tahap IV diperoleh dua isolat yaitu Pseudomonas sp. T4H1D3-1 dan Pseudomonas sp. T4H3D5-4 yang merupakan bakteri pendegradasi fraksi aspal, masing-masing mempunyai kecepatan degradasi 0,0057 mg /jam dengan kerapatan 5,6x10 6cfu/g, dan 0,0058 mg/jam dengan kerapatan 5,7x10 6cfu/g.

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Sequential isolation has been conducted to obtain isolates of saturated, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene fractions degrading bacteria from oil contaminated sites. Five soil samples were collected from South Sumatera. These bacterial isolates were obtained using soil extract medium enriched with oil recovery or remaining-oil recovery degradated (ROD) as sole carbon and energy sources according to the isolation stage as the isolation medium. ROD at the end of every isolation stage analyzed oil fractions by use of the SARA analysis method. Six isolates of bacteria have been selected, one isolate was fraction satu rates degrading bacteria that are Mycobacterium sp. T1H2D4-7 at degradation rate 0.0199 mgs/h with density 8.4x10 6cfu/g from stage I. The isolate T2H1D2-4, identified as Pseudomonas sp. was fraction aromatics degrading bacteria at accelerate 0.0141 mgs/h with density 5.1x10 6cfu/g are obtained at stage II. Two isolates namely Micrococcus sp. T3H2D4-2 and Pseudomonas sp. T1H1D5-5 were fraction resins degrading bacteria by accelerate 0.00 88 mgs/h at density 5.6x10 6cfu/g and 0.0089 mgs/h at density 5.7x10 6 cfu/g are obtained at stage III. Isolation of stage IV has been obtained two isolates Pseudomonas sp. T4H1D3-1 and Pseudomonas sp. T4H3D5-4 were fraction asphaltenes degrading bacteria by accelerate 0.0057 mgs/h at density 5.6x10 6cfu/g and accelerate 0.0058 mgs/h at density 5.7x10 6cfu/g."

"Bakteri pendegradasi hidrokarbon dapat diisolasi dari daerah yang tercemar hidrokarbon. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi bakteri pendegradasi hidrokarbon dan untuk mengetahui kemampuan isolat bakteri dalam mendegradasi senyawa hidrokarbon. Isolat bakteri B2 telah diisolasi dari sampel tanah pelabuhan Muara Angke. Pengukuran pertumbuhan dilakukan menggunakan metode Total Plate Count TPC dan analisa kemampuan degradasi hidrokarbon dilakukan dengan GC/MS. Hasil pengukuran pertumbuhan menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri B2 dapat tumbuh dalam medium dengan penambahan minyak diesel 1 v/v. Jumlah kenaikan koloni yang terbentuk dari 1,9x107 CFU/mL pada jam ke 0 menjadi 2,04x108 CFU/mL setelah inkubasi selama 120 jam. Hasil GC/MS menunjukkan 9 senyawa hidrokarbon yang terdegradasi adalah dodekana sebanyak 77,68, tridekana sebanyak 75,89, tetradekana sebanyak 62,86, pentadekana sebanyak 36,68, heksadekana sebanyak 48,77, heptadekana sebanyak 42,24, nonadekana sebanyak 37,11, tetrakosana sebanyak 42,01 dan naftalena sebanyak 69,36 . Karakterisasi bakteri dilakukan berdasarkan pengamatan mikroskopik, makroskopik dan reaksi biokimia. Hasil dari karakterisasi bakteri menunjukan bahwa isolat bakteri B2 diperkirakan berasal dari genus Bordetella.

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Hydrocarbon degrading bacteria can be isolated from hydrocarbon pollutedarea. The objectives of this experiment are to isolate hydrocarbon degrading bacteriaand to study the capability of bacterial isolate B2 in degrading hydrocarbon. BacterialIsolate B2 was isolated from Muara Angke soil in Bushnell Haas medium with 1 diesel fuel v v . Calculation of bacteria growth used the total plate count method whileanalysis of hydrocarbon degrading capability was examined by GC MS. The resultsshowed that bacteria B2 isolate was able to grow in media with addition of 1 dieselfuel v v. The total number of CFUs grew from 1,9x107 until 2,04x108 CFU mL.

The result showed the degradation of 9 compounds, namely dodecane 77,68, tridecane75,89, tetradecane 62,86, pentadecane 36,68, hexadecane 48,77, heptadecane 42,24, nonadecane 37,11, tetracosane 42,01 and napthalene69,36 . Bacteria characterization was carried out by microscopic and macroscopicobservation and biochemical reaction. Characteritation showed that bacteria B2isolate is probably a member of the Genus Bordetella."

"Biosurfaktan merupakan senyawa aktif permukaan yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme dan memiliki kemampuan untuk menurunkan tegangan permukaan tegangan antar muka dan menstabilkan emulsi Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MD4 12 telah diteliti mampu menghasilkan biosurfaktan Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimal produksi biosurfaktan menggunakan metode permukaan respon Penelitian tahap awal dilakukan dengan pemilihan sumber karbon dan nitrogen terbaik Sumber karbon yang digunakan adalah minyak tanah solar pelumas jagung sawit kelapa sedangkan sumber nitrogen yang digunakan adalah yeast extract tepung ikan tepung kedelai NH4 2SO4 NaNO3 dan NH4NO3 Komposisi medium dan kondisi lingkungan untuk produksi biosurfaktan dioptimasi dengan metode statistik yaitu Plackett Burman untuk memilih faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan dan Central Composite Design CCD untuk optimasi faktor tersebut terhadap produksi biosurfaktan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak jagung dan yeast extract merupakan sumber karbon dan nitrogen terbaik berdasarkan penurunan tegangan permukaan tertinggi Faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan tegangan permukaan berdasarkan Plackett Burman adalah minyak jagung yeast extract dan MgSO4 7H2O Kondisi optimal berdasarkan prediksi CCD adalah minyak jagung 2 78 yeast extract 5 94 g l dan MgSO4 7H2O 1 18 g l dengan tegangan permukaan sebesar 34 18 dyne cm Hasil validasi kondisi optimal menghasilkan tegangan permukaan sebesar 35 10 dyne cm sedangkan tegangan permukaan sebelum optimasi adalah 40 dyne cm Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa optimasi dapat menurunkan tegangan permukaan sebesar 12 25.

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Biosurfactant are surface active agent produced by microorganisms and had the ability to decrease surface tension interfacial tension and emulsion stabilization Biosurfactant of B amyloliquefaciens MD4 12 has been reported in previous study The aim of this study was to obtain optimum conditions biosurfactant production using response surface methodology Early stage research was carried out by selection of the best carbon and nitrogen sources Carbon sources used were kerosene diesel fuel lubricant corn palm and coconut while the nitrogen sources used were yeast extract fish meal soy flour NH4 2SO4 NaNO3 dan NH4NO3 Medium composition and the culture conditions for the biosurfactant production by B amyloliquefaciens MD4 12 were optimized by using Plackett Burman design to find out the significant factor and Central Composite Design CCD to optimize the significant factors that influence the production of biosurfactant The results showed that yeast extract and corn oil were the best carbon and nitrogen source for biosurfactant production The Plackett Burman design found corn oil yeast extract and MgSO4 7H2O have significant effect on decrease surface tension The optimum condition of CCD predictions were 2 78 corn oil 5 94 g l yeast extract and 1 18 g l MgSO4 7H2O can decrease surface tension to 34 18 dyne cm Validation result of optimal condition showed surface tension of 35 10 dyne cm while surface tension before optimization was 40 dyne cm This showed that optimization can decrease surface tension by 12 25."