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"Latar Belakang. Kebocoran mikro masih menjadi masalah utama dalam bidang kedokteran gigi karena dapat menyebabkan bakteri dan cairan mulut masuk diantara dinding kavitas dan tumpatan. Tujuan. Mengevaluasi kebocoran mikro pada tumpatan GIC Konvensionaldan RMGIC.Metode. Gigi premolar dipreparasi pada bagian oklusal dengan ukuran 3 x 3 x 2,5 mm, kemudian ditumpat dengan GIC Fuji IX, Fuji II dan Fuji II LC. Kemudian, spesimen direndam dalam akuabides, setelah 24 jam direndam dalam larutan pewarna methylene blue 1%, kemudian dipotong melintang arah bukolingual dan diamati di bawah stereomikroskop.Hasil Penelitian. Kebocoran mikro paling besar terjadi pada GIC Fuji IX, diikuti dengan Fuji II dan Fuji II LC.Kesimpulan. Terdapat kebocoran mikro pada tumpatan GIC Konvensional dan RMGIC, dimana derajat kebocoran mikro pada GIC Konvensional lebih besar dibandingkan RMGIC.

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Background. Microleakage around restoration is still a major problem in clinical dentistry, which can cause the penetration of bacteria and oral fluids between the cavity wall and the restoration. Objectives. To evaluate the microleakage of Conventional GIC and RMGIC restoration.Methods. The premolars were prepared oclusally to a size of 3 x 3 x 2,5 mm dimensions, and were filled with GIC Fuji IX, Fuji II, and Fuji II LC. Then, all specimens were stored in aquabidest, after 24 hours all specimens were immersed in 1 % methylene blue dye, then were sectioned in a buccolingual direction, and inspected under stereomicroscope.Results. GIC Fuji IX showed maximum leakage followed by Fuji II and Fuji II LC.Conclusions. The microleakage was evident in Conventional GIC and RMGIC restoration, where the microleakage degree in Conventional GIC were greater than RMGIC."

"Latar Belakang: Semen Ionomer Kaca (SIK) adalah bahan restorasi yang terdiri dari bubuk kaca kalsium fluoroaluminosilikat dan asam poliakrilik. Pada tahap awal reaksi setelah pencampuran, SIK sensitif terhadap udara dan air yang dapat menghambat reaksi pengerasan sehingga perlu perlindungan dengan material yang kedap air dan salah satunya adalah bonding agent.Tujuan: menganalisis efek bonding agent terhadap kedalaman intrusi air pada SIK.Metode: 12 spesimen SIK diameter 5 mm dan tebal 2 mm, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 tanpa pelapisan, kelompok 2 dilapis varnis, dan kelompok 3 dilapis bonding agent. Seluruh spesimen direndam dalam methylene blue 0,1% selama 24 jam dan dimasukkan dalam inkubator dengan suhu 370 C. Kemudian setiap sampel dibelah menjadi 2, yang satu sisi diukur kedalaman intrusi airnya menggunakan measuring microscope dan bagian lainnya diukur kekerasan permukaannya menggunakan Knoop Microhardness Tester. Kemudian hasilnya dianalisis secara statistik.Hasil: Pada ketiga kelompok terlihat adanya perbedaan bermakna dengan nilai kedalaman intrusi air tertinggi ada pada kelompok tanpa perlakuan dan paling rendah pada kelompok bonding agent.Kesimpulan: Aplikasi bonding agent dapat menurunkan kedalaman intrusi air pada SIK.

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Background: Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is a restorative material containing calcium fluoroaluminosilicate glass powder and polyacrylic acid. At initiation stage of reaction after mixing, GIC becomes sensitive with air and water which can inhibit setting reaction so it needs to be protected with waterproof material, the one is bonding agent.Aim: To analize bonding agent?s effect in depth of water intrusion in GIC.Method: 12 GIC speciments with 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height were divided into 3 groups: group 1 without any protecting layer, group 2 was coated with varnish, and group 3 was coated with bonding agent. All speciments were immersed in methylene blue 0,1% as long as 24 hours and was put into incubator 370 C. Then, each samples was cut off into 2 pieces, one side was measured for water intrusion using measuring microscope dan the other was measured for surface hardness using Knoop Microhardness Tester. After that, the result was analized statistical.Result: At 3 groups showed there was significant difference, the highest water intrusion depth score was group without any protecting layer and the lowest score was bonding agent?s group.Conclusion: Application of bonding agent could decrease the depth of water intrusion in GIC."

"Latar Belakang: Semen Ionomer Kaca (SIK) adalah bahan restorasi yang terdiri dari bubuk kaca kalsium fluoroaluminosilikat dan asam oliakrilik. Pada tahap awal reaksi setelah dilakukan pencampuran, SIK sensitif terhadap udara dan air yang dapat menghambat reaksi pengerasan, sehingga perlu diberikan perlindungan dengan material yang kedap air dan salah satu material tersebut adalah bonding agent.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kedalaman intrusi air terhadap kekerasan SIK.Metode: 12 spesimen SIK dengan diameter 5 mm dan tebal 2 mm, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 tanpa bahan pelindung, kelompok 2 diaplikasikan varnis, dan kelompok 3 diaplikasikan bonding agent. Seluruh spesimen direndam dalam methylene blue 0,1% selama 24 jam dan di masukkan ke dalam inkubator dalam suhu 370C. Selanjutnya setiap sampel dibelah menjadi 2 bagian, pada satu bagian dilakukan pengukuran terhadap kedalaman intrusi air menggunakan measuring microscope sedangkan pada satu sisi lainnya dilakukan pengukuran terhadap kekerasan menggunakan Knoop Microhardness Tester. Kemudian hasilnya dianalisis secara statistik.Hasil: Pada tiap kelompok terdapat hubungan korelasi yang kuat antara kedalaman intrusi air dan kekerasan SIK dengan nilai korelasi -0,868 dan nilai p < 0,05 .Kesimpulan: Semakin dalam intrusi air pada SIK, semakin rendah kekerasan SIK.

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Background: Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is a restorative material consisting of calcium fluoroaluminosillicate glass powder and polyacrylic acid. At the initial reaction after mixing, GIC is sensitive to the air and water which can inhibit the setting reaction, therefore it is needed a protection by materials which are watertight and one of them is bonding agent.Aim: To analyze the relation of the depth water intrusion to the hardness of GIC.Method: 12 specimen with 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness, were divided into 3 groups: the first group wasn?t given a coating, the second group was given varnish, and the third group was given bonding agent. All specimen were soaked in methylene blue 0,1% during 24 hours and placed in incubator with 370C in temperature. Furthermore, each sample was cut into 2 parts, one part was measured to know the depth of water intrusion by measuring microscope while the other part was measured to know its hardness by Knoop Microhardness Tester. Afterwards, the result is analyzed statistically.Result: There is a strong correlation between the depth of water intrusion and the hardness of GIC in each group with correlation value -0,868 and p value < 0,05.Conclusion: The deeper the water intrusion of GIC, the lower the hardness of GIC."

"Latar Belakang: Semen Ionomer Kaca (SIK) adalah bahan restorasi yang terdiri bubuk kaca kalsium fluoroaluminosilikat dan asam poliakrilik. Pada tahap awal reaksi setelah pencampuran, SIK sensitif terhadap udara dan air yang dapat menghambat reaksi pengerasan, sehingga perlu perlindungan dengan material yang kedap air dan salah satunya adalah bonding agent.Tujuan: menganalisis efek bonding agent terhadap kekerasan SIK.Metode: 12 spesimen SIK diameter 5mm dan tebal 2mm, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 tanpa pelapisan, kelompok 2 dilapis varnis dan kelompok 3 dilapis bonding agent. Seluruh spesimen direndam dalam methylen blue 0,1% selama 24 jam dan di masukkan dalam inkubator dalam suhu 37oC. Kemudian setiap sampel dibelah menjadi 2, yang satu sisi diukur kedalaman intrusi airnya dengan measuring microscope dan bagian lainnya diukur ke kekerasan permukaannya dengan Knoop Microhardness Tester. Kemudian hasilnya dianalisis secara statistik.Hasil: Pada ketiga kelompok terlihat adanya perbedaan bermakna dengan nilai kekerasan SIK tertinggi ada pada kelompok bonding agent.Kesimpulan: Aplikasi bonding agent dapat meningkatkan kekerasan SIK.

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Background: Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is a restorative material containing calcium fluoroalluminosillicate glass powder and polyacrylic acid. At the initial reaction after mixing process, GIC becomes sensitive to the air and water which can inhibit setting reaction, therefore it needs to be protected with waterproof material, such as bonding agent.Aim: Analyzing effect of bonding agent application in the hardness of GIC.Method: 12 GIC specimens with 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height were divided into 3 groups: first group were without coating, second group were coating with varnish, and third group were covering with bonding agent. All specimens were immersed in methylene blue 0,1% for 24 hours and stored into incubator 37o C. Furthermore, each sample was cut into 2 pieces, one part was measured for water intrusion using measuring microscope while the other part was measured for surface hardness using Knoop Microhardness Tester. Afterwards, the result was analized statistical.Result: At 3 groups show there was significant difference, the highest hardness score is bonding agent?s group.Conclusion: Application of bonding agent could increase the hardness of GIC."

"[Latar Belakang : Semen Ionomer Kaca Modifikasi Resin (SIKMR) merupakan salah satu material restorasi yang terdiri dari bubuk dan cairan yang kestabilannya dipengaruhi oleh shelf life. Hal ini masih belum diperhatikan oleh pengguna maupun penjual. Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh shelf life terhadap nilai kuat tekan SIKMR. Metode : 30 spesimen berbentuk silinder (d=4mm dan t=6mm) SIKMR (Fuji II LC dari GC, Tokyo) dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok berdasarkan lama penyimpanan dan dilakukan uji kuat tekan dengan universal testing machine. Data kemudian dianalisis statistik dengan uji One-Way ANOVA. Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan bermakana (p<0,05) antara ketiga kelompok SIKMR. Kesimpulan : Terdapat penurunan nilai kuat tekan seiring dengan lamanya penyimpanan, Background : Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) is one of restoration materials composed by powder and liquid that their stability is affected by shelf life. This thing hasn’t been taken as a consideration by customers or sellers. Objective : To observe the influence of shelf life on compressive strength of RMGIC. Methods: 30 cylindrical (d = 4mm and t = 6mm) specimens RMGIC (Fuji II LC of GC, Tokyo) are divided into three groups with different storage time and compressive strength tested with universal testing machine. Results were statistically analyzed with One-Way ANOVA test. Results: There are significant differences (p< 0.05) between three groups of RMGIC. Conclusion: There is a decrease in compressive strength value along with the length of storage time]"

"SIK modifikasi resin dapat mengalami penurunan kekerasan permukaan pada pH kritis rongga mulut 5,5 yang dapat dicegah dengan pemberian ion kalsium dan fosfat. Ion tersebut bersumber dari CPP ACP. Pengaplikasian CPP ACP pada SIK modifikasi resin diketahui mampu mencegah terjadinya penurunan kekerasan permukaan SIK modifikasi resin. Saat ini telah ada penggabungan propolis pada CPP ACP yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan sifat antibakteri tetapi diketahui penambahan propolis mengurangi pelepasan ion kalsium dan fosfat dari CPP ACP sehingga berpengaruh terhadap kemampuannya dalam melindungi SIK modifikasi resin dari penurunan kekerasan permukaan. Namun belum diketahui efek pengaplikasian CPP ACP yang ditambahkan propolis terhadap kekerasan permukaan SIK modifikasi resin.Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pengaruh aplikasi pasta CPP ACP dengan dan tanpa kombinasi propolis terhadap kekerasan permukaan semen ionomer kaca modifikasi resin.Metode: Tiga puluh spesimen semen ionomer kaca modifikasi resin berbentuk silinder berukuran 6 x 3 mm, di polimerisasi menggunakan LED curing unit irradiansi 700 mW/cm2, selama 20 detik kemudian disimpan selama 1 hari kering dalam inkubator. Spesimen diuji kekerasan awalnnya dengan Knoop Hardness Tester (50 g selama 15 detik) dengan penjejasan 5 kali di 5 lokasi permukaan yang berbeda kemudian diambil nilai rata-ratanya untuk mempresentasikan permukaan spesimen. Spesimen dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu spesimen tanpa dan dengan pengolesan CPP ACP yang didiamkan 30 menit dan dengan pengolesan CPP ACP propolis yang didiamkan 30 menit. Seluruh spesimen direndam dalam larutan asam laktat pH 5,5 selama 24 jam dan diuji nilai kekerasan permukaan akhirnya. Data dianalisis menunggunakan uji statistik Kruskal Wallis dan uji Post Hoc Mann Whittney.Hasil: hasil menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan awal seluruh spesimen adalah 30,68, 0,03 dan setelah diberi perlakuan kelompok A menjadi 24,96, 0,07, kelompok B menjadi 27,9, 0,01 dan kelompok C menjadi 26.5, 0,03. Pengaplikasian CPP ACP propolis pada SIK modifikasi resin menyebabkan penurunan kekerasan permukaan yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan yang hanya diaplikasikan CPP ACP.

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The surface hardness of Resin modified glass ionomer cement can be decrease at the critical pH of the oral cavity 5.5 which can be prevented by giving calcium and phosphate ions. These ions can be sourced from CPP ACP. Aplication CPP ACP is known to be able to prevent a decrease in the surface hardness of resin modified glass ionomer cement. Now there has been the addition of propolis to CPP ACP which functions as an antibacterial but it is known the further addition of propolis reduces ion calcium and phosphate release from CPP ACP which influences its capability in protecting RMGIC from further reduction of surface hardnes. However, the effect of CPP ACP application that added propolis is not yet known on resin modified glass ionomer cement.

Objective: this study aims to compare the effect of CPP ACP paste application with it and without a combination of propolis against the surface hardness of glass ionomer cement modified resin.

Methods: thirty specimens of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement in cylindrical shape (6 x 3 mm), 1 day dray storage in the incubator and the specimen are polymerized for 20 seconds using a 700 mW/cm irradiance LED curing unit. The initial specimens were tested for hardness with Knoop Hardness Tester (50 g for 15 seconds) with 5 times of crushing in 5 different surface locations then the average value was taken to present the specimen surface. The specimens were divided into three groups: without CPP ACP application, CPP ACP and CPP ACP Propolis application which were allowed to stand for 30 minutes. All specimens were immersed in lactic acid pH 5.5 for 24 hours and tested for final surface hardness values. Data obtained analyzed using Kruskal Wallis dan Mann Whittney.

Results: the test showed that the initial hardness of all specimens were 30,68, 0,03 and after treatment group A becomes 24,96, 0,07, group B becomes 27,9, 0,01 and group C becomes 26.5, 0,03. There was a decrease surface hardness of the resin modified glass ionomer cement before and after immersion at all groups. The initial hardness of all specimens were 30,68, 0,03 and after treatment group A becomes 24,96, 0,07, group B becomes 27,9, 0,01 and group C becomes 26.5, 0,03. The application of CPP ACP propolis to RMGIC caused."

"Semen Ionomer Kaca (SIK) Konvensional dapat mengalami diskolorasi.Untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyikatan pasta gigi terhadap tingkat diskolorasi SIK Konvensional, dilakukan penelitian terhadap 24 spesimen SIK konvensional yang disikat oleh empat jenis pasta gigi dengan lama penyikatan 1, 2 dan 4 minggu, setelah sebelumnya direndam dalam larutan kopi. Terdapat peningkatan kecerahan warna seiring lama penyikatan pada setiap kelompok. Uji antar kelompok waktu menunjukkan adanya perubahan bermakna (p<0,05) pada beberapa kelompok pasta gigi sedangkan antar jenis pasta gigi menunjukkan perubahan bermakna (p<0,05) hanya pada minggu pertama dan ketiga. Penyikatan menggunakan pasta gigi pemutih menyebabkan peningkatan kecerahan warna SIK konvensional yang sebelumnya mengalami diskolorasi karena kopi.

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Discoloration can also happen to restorative material, such as Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (Conventional GIC). To identify the effect of brushing with whitening toothpaste to discoloration level of conventional GIC, twenty-four specimens were first immersed in coffee, then brushed by four different toothpastes. There were increase of lightness at longer time of brushing in every specimens. Test between time groups showed significant changes (p<0,05) only in some toothpaste groups and also significant changes (p<0,05) between toothpaste groups only in the first and third week. Whitening toothpaste can decrease discoloration level of stained conventional GIC."

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyikatan dengan dantanpa pasta gigi charcoal terhadap kekerasan permukaan material restorasi semenionomer kaca modifikasi resin. Metode penelitian: Dalam penelitian ini digunakansemen ionomer kaca modifikasi resin Fuji II LC. Sejumlah 24 spesimen berbentuksilinder dengan ukuran diameter 6 mm dan tebal 2 mm yang dipolimerisasi denganmenggunakan LED light cured LEDMAX-Hilux selama 20 detik dengan irradiansi 800mW/cm2. Setelah polimerisasi, spesimen direndam dalam akuades pada suhu 37Cselama 24 jam. Spesimen diukur kekerasan permukaan awal dengan dengan KnoopMicrohardness tester Shimatzu HMV-G21 DT yang diindentasikan dengan beban 50 gfselama 15 detik. Selanjutnya, specimen dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (n=8) denganperlakuan penyikatan dengan akuades, pasta gigi tanpa charcoal Colgate TotalProfessional Clean®, dan pasta gigi dengan charcoal Colgate Total Charcoal DeepClean® selama 4 menit 40 detik setara satu bulan penyikatan dengan beban 150 grammenggunakan Oral-B DB4010 Advance Power Battery Toothbrush. Spesimen kemudiandibersihkan dengan ultrasonic cleaner selama 20 detik dan diuji kekerasan permukaanakhir. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way Anova untuk menilai perbedaankekerasan permukaan antara kelompok penyikatan. Hasil: Semen ionomer kacamodifikasi resin yang diberikan penyikatan dengan akuades, pasta gigi tanpa charcoal,dan pasta gigi charcoal menunjukkan peningkatan kekerasan permukaan yang signifikanantar kelompok (p<0,5). Peningkatan kekerasan permukaan paling tinggi terjadi padapenyikatan dengan pasta gigi charcoal. Kesimpulan: Semen ionomer kaca modifikasiresin setelah penyikatan menggunakan pasta gigi yang mengandung charcoal memilikikekerasan permukaan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan pasta gigi yang tidak mengandungcharcoal

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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of brushing with and without

charcoal toothpaste to surface hardness changes of resin modified glass ionomer cement.

Method: Resin modified glass ionomer cement Fuji II LC was used in this study. 24

specimens of 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thinkness with disk-shaped were prepared

and polymerized using LED light cured LEDMAX-Hilux in 20 seconds with irradiance

800 mW/cm2. After polymerization, specimens were immersed in 37C aquadest solution

for 24 hours. Specimens were measured initial surface hardness using Knoop

Microhardness tester Shimatzu HMV-G21 with 50 gf indentation in 15 seconds.

Futhermore, specimens were divided into three groups (n=8); brushed using distilled

water (group A), toothpaste without charcoal Colgate Total Professional Clean® (group

B), and toothpaste with charcoal Colgate Total Charcoal Deep Clean® (group C) for four

minutes and 40 seconds (equivalent to a month brushing) using Oral-B DB4010 Advance

Power Battery Toothbrush with a load of 150 gr. Specimens were cleaned with ultrasonic

cleaner in 20 seconds and were measured for final surface hardness. Data were anylized

using One Way Anova to assess the significant differences between brushed groups.

Result: The value of surface hardness of resin modified glass ionomer cement specimens

were increased significantly between groups (p<0,05). The enhancement of surface

hardness value of charcoal toothpaste was highest between brushed groups. Conclusion:

It was concluded that resin modified glass ionomer cement specimens after brushed with

charcoal toothpaste have a higher surface hardness than toothpaste without charcoal"

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 42-45Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is fluor containing restorative material which can inhibit carious lesion. This study was performed too observe salivary fluoride change in artificial saliva. Twenty premolars were restored with GIC and immersed in Fusayama artificial saliva (15 ml, pH 6,8) for l, 2, and 3 days. Unrestored part of teeth was coated with varnish. Fluor contents measurement were performed by taking 5 ml of artificial saliva of each group and being measured with spectrophotometer. The result showed that the highest fluor contents (3,317 ± 0.168) was on the 1st day of immersion and significantly decreased in the second and third day (2,267 ± 0,72 ± 1,455 ± 0,186, alternatively). lt was concluded that fluor was released from GIC restoration and the release was decreased with time."

"Semen Ionomer Kaca (SIK) konvensional dapat mengalami penurunan kekerasan permukaan pada pH 5,5 sehingga membutuhkan pemberian ion kalsium dan fosfat yang dapat ditemukan pada CPP-ACP untuk mencegah penurunan kekerasan. Penelitian terhadap CPP-ACP tengah dilakukan dengan penambahan propolis yang ditujukan untuk menambah sifat antimikroba. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya diketahui bahwa penambahan propolis pada CPP-ACP menyebabkan ion kalsium dan fosfat yang dilepaskan berkurang sehingga mungkin memengaruhi kemampuannya dalam mencegah penurunan kekerasan SIK konvensional. Namun belum diketahui efek CPP-ACP apabila ditambahkan propolis pada SIK konvensional.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pengaruh CPP-ACP dengan dan tanpa kombinasi propolis terhadap kekerasan permukaan SIK konvensional.Metode: Tiga puluh spesimen SIK konvensional berbentuk silinder dengan diameter 6mm dan tebal 3 mm dibuat dan diletakkan dalam inkubator selama 24 jam. Spesimen lalu dilakukan pengujian kekerasan awal menggunakan Vickers Micro Hardness Tester dengan indenter Knoop, setiap spesimen diberikan indentasi dengan beban 50 g selama 15 detik sebanyak 5 kali diposisi berbeda pada permukaan dan diambil rata-rata untuk merepresentasikan seluruh permukaannya. Spesimen kemudian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (masing-masing 10 spesimen), yaitu yang tanpa diaplikasikan CPP-ACP, yang diaplikasikan CPP-ACP, dan yang diaplikasikan CPP-ACP propolis. Spesimen yang diaplikasikan CPP-ACP atau CPP-ACP propolis didiamkan selama 30 menit di dalam inkubator. Spesimen kemudian direndam dalam asam laktat pH 5,5 selama 24 jam lalu diuji kekerasan akhirnya.Hasil: Kekerasan awal didapat sebesar 74,51±1,82KHNdan setelah perendaman pada kelompok tanpa diaplikasikan CPP-ACP menjadi 40,82±0,71KHN, kelompok yang diaplikasikan CPP-ACP menjadi 57,94±1,40KHN dan kelompok yang diaplikasikan CPP-ACP propolis menjadi 52,01±1,23KHN. Terdapat penurunan bermakna (p<0,05) antara kekerasan sebelum dan setelah perendaman di semua kelompok dan terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) pada kekerasan antar kelompok dengan uji One-way ANOVA dan post hoc Tamhane.Kesimpulan: Pengaplikasian CPP-ACP dengan kombinasi propolis pada SIK konvensional menyebabkan penurunan kekerasan permukaan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan yang hanya CPP-ACP.

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Conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) can be decreased in surface hardness at critical pH (5,5) so calcium and phosphate ions, which can be found in CPP-ACP, are needed to prevent it. Research about CPP-ACP were being developed by adding propolis to increase antimicrobial properties. However, study before stated that the addition of propolis into CPP-ACP could be decreasing ions release so probably decreasing its ability to prevent conventional GICs surface hardness reduction. But the effect of CPP-ACP if were added with propolis toward conventional GIC not yet known.

Aims: This study aims to compare the effect of CPP-ACP with and without propolis on conventional GICs surface hardness.

Methods: Thirty specimens of conventional GIC, 6mm in diameter and 3 mm in thick were prepared and saved in incubator for 24 hours. Specimens initial surface hardness were measured by Vickers Micro Hardness Tester with Knoop indenter. Each specimen was indented using 50 g weigh in 15 seconds for five times on different spot to represent all the surface hardness of the specimen and the mean value was calculated. Specimens then divided into three groups (each group contain 10 specimens), which were without CPP-ACP, applicated with CPP-ACP and applicated with CPP-ACP propolis. CPP-ACP or CPP-ACP propolis were applicated to conventional GIC and kept for 30 minutes in incubator. After that, specimens were immersed in lactic acid pH 5,5 for 24 hours and the final surface hardness were tested. The surface hardness values then were analyzed using One Way Anova and Post Hoc Tamhane test.

Result: Initial surface hardness value was 74,51±1,82KHN, and decreased after immersion. The final surface hardness value become 40,82±0, 71KHN on without CPP-ACP group, 57,94±1, 40KHN on with CPP-ACP group, and 52,01±1, 23KHN on with CPP-ACP propolis group. There were statistically significant (p<0.05) in specimens hardness reduction between before and after immersion in all groups and in hardness differences between groups after immersion.

Conclusion: Application of CPP-ACP combined with propolis on conventional GIC caused greater surface hardness reduction compared to CPP-ACP without propolis."