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"Skripsi ini membahas frekuensi distribusi komplikasi pasca ekstraksi edema dan dry socket pada pasien usia 17-76 tahun di RSGM-P FKG UI periode Januari 2003- Oktober 2008. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang bersifat retrospektif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa komplikasi pasca ekstraksi gigi berupa tidak ditemukan. Tetapi, komplikasi pasca kstraksi berupa dry socket paling banyak ditemukan pada pasien berjenis kelamin wanita yang menggunakan teknik kstraksi sederhana dan banyak ditemukan setelah dilakukan pencabutan gigi posterior.

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The focus of this study is the distribution and frequency of implication post tooth extraction (swelling and dry socket) in patient with age 17-76 years old in RSGM-P FKG UI periode of januari 2003-oktober 2008. This research is a uantitative and retrospective research with descriptive design. The result prove that swelling after tooth extraction was not found. But dry socket post toth extraction were found in women by using the simple technique of tooth extraction, and mostly found after posterior tooth extraction."

"Kehilangan gigi permanen merupakan salah satu indeks kesehatan gigi-mulut. Kehilangan gigi permanen disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang dapat dicegah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi alasan ekstraksi gigi permanen berdasarkan jenis kelamin, umur, dan elemen gigi pasien RSGM-P FKG UI periode 1 September 2011-31 Agustus 2012. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian adalah penyebab ekstraksi karies (51,3%), orthodontik (28,9%), impaksi (11,4%), penyakit periodontal (4,1%), trauma (2,3%), dan preprostetik (2,0%). Wanita lebih banyak melakukan ekstraksi (69,7%). Ekstraksi gigi permanen banyak pada usia 21-30 tahun (33,9%). Elemen gigi paling banyak diekstraksi adalah gigi premolar satu (29,5%) karena perawatan orthodontik.

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Permanent tooth loss can be caused by many factors that can be prevented. This research aims to identify distribution and frequency the reason of permanent tooth according to gender, age, and tooth element in RSGM-P FKG UI period 1st September 2011-31st August 2012. This research is retrospective descriptive study. The reasons of extraction consist of caries (51,3%), orthodontic (28,9%), impaction (11,4%), periodontal disease (4,1%), trauma (2,3%), and pre-prosthetic reason (2,0%). Extraction of permanent tooth is mostly done in females (69,7%). First premolar is the most common permanent tooth extracted (29,5%) because of orthodontic treatment. Tooth permanent extraction most widely performed in 21-30 years group (33,9%)."

"Hasil pemeriksaan dapat menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat kesulitan tindakan. Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan rekam medik bedah mulut RSGMP FKG UI periode Januari 2011?Agustus 2012. Terdapat 1573 tindakan, wanita (63,9%, p<0.05), 21-30 tahun (40.4%, p<0.05), gigi akar ganda (78,3%, p<0.05), diagnosis eruptio deficilis (29,4%, p<0.05), keluhan rasa sakit (52,5%), pasien kompromis medis (23,3%, p>0.05), hipertensi (22,3%, p>0.05), dan pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan pada 32,9% kasus. Jenis kelamin, usia, jumlah akar, dan diagnosis eruptio deficilis, fraktur, gangraena menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna, sedangkan riwayat medis, penyakit jantung, hipertensi, dan diabetes mellitus tidak menunjukkan hubungan bermakna secara statistik terhadap tingkat kesulitan.

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Examination results show related factors to difficulty level of tooth extraction. A descriptive analytical study used oral surgery medical record RSGMP FKG UI period January 2011?August 2012. There were 1573 tooth extractions, females (63,9%, p<0.05), 21-30 years (40,4%, p<0.05), multiple roots teeth (78,3%, p<0.05), diagnosed eruptio deficilis (29,4%, p<0.05), pain (52,5%), medically compromised patients (23,3%, p>0.05), hypertension (22,3%, p>0.05), and measuring blood pressure done in 32,9% cases. Sex, age, the roots typed, and diagnosed as eruptio deficilis, fracture, gangraena show significant relation, while medical history, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus show no statistically significant relation to difficulty level."

"Latar belakang: Ekstraksi gigi merupakan tindakan yang sangat kompleks sehingga dibutuhkan banyak keterampilan dan pengetahuan khusus. Dan hal tersebut dipelajari dalam pendidikan kedokteran gigi. Indonesia memiliki 32 universitas baik negeri maupun swasta yang menyediakan program sarjana dan profesi kedokteran gigi, termasuk Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Salah satu modul utama dalam kurikulum pendidikan Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia adalah pembelajaran teknik ekstraksi gigi. Dan saat ini belum diketahui gambaran persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran teknik ekstraksi gigi di Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif potong lintang pada 404 mahasiswa menggunakan kuesioner tentang persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran teknik ekstraksi yang pernah dipakai sebelumnya. Hasil: Setiap angkatan menunjukkan variasi penilaian yang berbeda terhadap pembelajaran teknik ekstraksi gigi. Mayoritas mahasiswa yang menggunakan model pelatihan praklinik menganggapnya sebagai persiapan yang berguna untuk tindakan ekstraksi gigi pada pasien. Sebagian besar mahasiswa merasa bahwa pengetahuan mereka tentang anatomi dan kesiapan mereka untuk menghadapi komplikasi saat ekstraksi terhitung kurang. Selain itu, mayoritas mahasiswa merasa telah dilatih dengan baik dan merasa puas dengan pelayanan pendidikan yang diberikan dalam pembelajaran teknik ekstraksi gigi. Kesimpulan: terdapat beberapa perbedaan persepsi antar angkatan 2014 – 2017 terhadap pembelajaran teknik ekstraksi gigi di Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia

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Background: Tooth extraction is a very complex procedure that requires a lot of special skills and knowledge. This is taught in dentistry education. Indonesia has 32 public and private universities that provide undergraduate and professional dental programs, including the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia. One of the main modules in the education curriculum of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia is learning tooth extraction techniques. And currently, there is no known description of student perceptions of learning tooth extraction techniques at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive study on 404 students using a questionnaire about student’s perceptions of learning extraction techniques that had been previously used. Results: Each batch students showed a different variation in the assessment of learning tooth extraction techniques. The majority of students who use the preclinical training model consider it a useful preparation for dental extraction in patients. Most of the students felt that their knowledge of anatomy and their readiness to deal with complications during extraction was lacking. In addition, the majority of students felt that they had been properly trained and were satisfied with the educational services provided in learning tooth extraction techniques. Conclusion: There are several differences in perceptions between 2014 - 2017 students batches of learning tooth extraction techniques at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia"

"Skripsi ini membahas frekuensi distribusi perdarahan dan dry socket pada pasien usia 17-76 tahun di Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut - Pendidikan Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia periode Januari 2003 ? Oktober 2008. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang bersifat retrospektif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa tidak ditemukan komplikasi pasca ekstraksi berupa perdarahan, namun ditemukan kasus komplikasi pasca ekstraksi berupa dry socket, dimana komplikasi ini terjadi pada pasien berjenis kelamin perempuan, pada tindakan ekstraksi dengan teknik ekstraksi sederhana, dan terjadi pada tindakan ekstraksi gigi di regio posterior.

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The focus of this study is the distribution and frequency of bleeding and dry socket post tooth extraction, in patients with age 17-76 years old at RSGM-P Faculty of Dentistry University of Indonesia, period of January 2003 - October 2008. This research is a quantitative and retrospective research with descriptive design. The results prove that bleeding after tooth extraction was not found in this research, meanwhile dry socket post tooth extraction were found in women, by using the simple technique of tooth extraction, and found in the posterior region of tooth extraction. "

"Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan mendapatkan ukuran rata-rata rahang kelompok Deutero Melayu pada mahasiswa Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Cetakan rahang mahasiswa diambil dan dibuat model rahang. Kemudian dilakukan pengukuran pada model tersebut dalam milimeter. Yang diukur adalah : panjang rahang dan lebar rahang, serta panjang lengkung gigi. Kemudian dicari ukuran rataratanya. Selain dari itu, dibedakan Pula bentuk rahang yang persegi dan yang oval. Dari gambaran bentuk lengkung rahang yang didapat,ternyata bentuk lengkung rahang yang oval, persegi, dan rata-rata ( gabungan oval dan persegi ), tidak menunjukkan banyak perbedaan, bila dikaitkan dengan ukuran sendok cetak yang sesuai. Hasil penelitian didapatkan ukuran rata-rata rahang,yang terdiri dari panjang rahang, lebar rahang, dan panjang lengkung rahang."

"One species of the red algae (Rhodophyceae) resulted from carrageenan is Eucgeuma cottonii. This algae is cultured intensively in Madura island espicially in district of Sumenep in village of Pekandangan - Buto. Production of E. cottonii in Sumenep - Madura rised over the last years but extraction of carrageenan has not been performed extensively. Unfortunately, it has been exported to abroad in dried from used as raw materials either food or non food industry. The objective of this research is to stydy the influence of extraction method of carrageenan on its quality. The best carrageenan quality was resulted by the modification of extraction metod by using cold alkali treatment so this method can be considered as alternative methods. The carrageenan quality that serulted from this methods is one the standard suggested by food and agriculture Organization,"

"Aloe vera is a traditional wound healing medicine. We hypothesized acemannan, a polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera gel, could affect bone formation. Primary rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were treated with various concentrations of acemannan. New DNA synthesis, VEGF, BMP-2, alkaline phosphatase activity, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin expression, and mineralization were determined by [(3)H] thymidine incorporation assay, ELISA, biochemical assay, western blotting, and Alizarin Red staining, respectively. In an animal study, mandibular right incisors of male Sprague-Dawley rats were extracted and an acemannan treated sponge was placed in the socket. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks, the mandibles were dissected. Bone formation was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and histopathological examination. The in vitro results revealed acemannan significantly increased BMSC proliferation, VEGF, BMP-2, alkaline phosphatase activity, bone sialoprotein and osteopontin expression, and mineralization. In-vivo results showed acemannan-treated groups had higher bone mineral density and faster bone healing compared with untreated controls. A substantial ingrowth of bone trabeculae was observed in acemannan-treated groups. These data suggest acemannan could function as a bioactive molecule inducing bone formation by stimulating BMSCs proliferation, differentiation into osteoblasts, and extracellular matrix synthesis. Acemannan could be a candidate natural biomaterial for bone regeneration."

"Injeksi PGE2 pada mukosa bukal bersamaan dengan tekanan ortodonti dapat mempercepat pergerakan gigi. Namun metode ini mempunyai kekurangan yaitu resorpsi tulang alveolar dan akar gigi yang besar serta rasa sakit. Gel digunakan sebagai media penghantar, menggantikan bentuk injeksi. Stabilitas PGE2 dalam gel, efek aplikasi gel PGE2 pada pergerakan gigi, konsentrasi RANKL pada GCF dan serum serta resorpsi tulang alveolar dan resorpsi akar gigi belum pernah diketahui. Penelitian ini eksperimental laboratorium in vitro untuk uji stabilitas gel PGE2 lyophillized dan in vivo pada Macaca fascicularis. Mukosa bukal kaninus kanan dioleskan gel PGE2, sedangkan kaninus kiri dioleskan gel tanpa PGE2, keduanya disertai tekanan ortodonti, pada awal, jam kedua dan keempat, selama dua menit. Pengolesan gel, pengukuran pergerakan gigi, pengambilan darah dan GCF, dilakukan setiap minggu. Macaca dieuthanasia, dinekropsi lalu dibuat sediaan histologi dan dievaluasi dengan TRAP. Gel PGE2 lyophillized tidak stabil, sehingga dibuat resenter paratus. Gel PGE2 dapat mempercepat pergerakan gigi 1,8 kali, RANKL dan resorpsi tulang alveolar lebih besar dari kontrol, serta resorpsi akar sama dengan kontrol. Gel PGE2 mempunyai prospek sebagai medikasi topikal untuk mempercepat pergerakan gigi ortodontik.

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The injection of PGE2 on buccal mucosa along with orthodontic force could accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. Nevertheless, this method also has adverse effects such as pain, over resorption of the alveolar bone and root structure. PGE2 gel to substitute the necessity of injection. Hence, the effect of PGE2 gel on the rate of tooth movement and RANKL concentration in GCF and blood serum also alveolar bone and root resorption is yet to be determined.

This study was an experimental laboratory in vitro to know the stability of PGE2 gel lyophillized and in vivo in Macaca fascicularis. PGE2 gel was applied on buccal mucosa of right canine along with orthodontic force and non- PGE2 gel on left canine on beginning, second, and fourth hour each for two minutes. Gel application, tooth movement measurement, blood sample, and GCF were done every week. Macaca euthanized, and made histology ​​ and evaluated by TRAP. PGE2 gel was made resenter paratus due to instability.

Results showed that PGE2 gel enhanced tooth movement 1.8 times, RANKL and alveolar bone resorption were greater than control and root resorption was similar to control. PGE2 gel had a good prospect as topical medication to enhance tooth movement in orthodontics."