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"Musik dapat mempengaruhi emosi dan beberapa fungsi tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh pajanan musik rock terhadap nafsu makan pada tikus galur Wistar jantan dengan metode eksperimental. Selama 15 hari, tikus diberi pajanan musik rock selama empat jam per hari, dan diukur jumlah makanan yang dikonsumsi tiap tiga hari. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan didapatkan bahwa pajanan musik rock secara signifikan berhubungan dengan perubahan nafsu makan pada tikus galur Wistar; nilai p = 0,007. Kesimpulannya, Pajanan musik rock selama empat jam dalam waktu 15 hari berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan nafsu makan tikus galur Wistar.

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Music affects emotion and some body functions. The aim of this research is to know whether rock music exposed to Wistar-strained rats is linked to their appetite using experimental method. Each rat was exposed to rock music four hours a day in 15 consecutive days and measured for their food consumption every three day. The data were analyzed statistically with independent-t test. In conclusion, rock music was significantly linked to the change of appetite on Wistar-strained rats; p value: 0.007. Rock music exposure to Wistar-strained rats for four hours in 15 consecutive days resulted in the increase of their appetite."

"Musik klasik diduga memengaruhi fisiologis modulasi melalui nafsu makan. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang secara langsung membahas efek musik klasik terhadap nafsu makan. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental pada 36 tikus galur wistar dewasa dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Satu kelompok tikus dipajankan musik klasik selama lima belas hari dan kelompok lainnya tidak dipajankan musik. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata jumlah makanan yang dikonsumsi perhari antara kedua kelompok (p = 0,148). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara pajanan musik klasik dan nafsu makan pada tikus galur Wistar.

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Classical music is hypothesized influence physiology through appetite modulation. But, there hasn`t been a study directly investigating the effect of classical music on food appetite. This study was conducted experimentally to 36 adult Wistar-Strained rats into two groups. One group rats was exposed to classical music for fifteen days and other group didn`t get music exposure. The result showed no significant difference on mean of food consumed per day between two groups (p = 0,148). The conclusion of this study is that there is no association between classical music exposure and food appetite in Wistar-Strained rats."

"Musik dapat memodulasi emosi melalui pengeluaran neurohormon. Modulasi ini berakibat pada perubahan masukan dan penggunaan energi sehingga berpengaruh terhadap berat badan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh pajanan musik rock terhadap berat badan tikus galur Wistar. Kelompok variabel diberi pajanan musik rock selama empat jam dalam 15 hari. Tiap tiga hari berat badan tikus ditimbang. Data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan. Didapatkan bahwa pajanan musik rock secara signifikan meningkatkan berat badan tikus (P=0,028). Pajanan musik rock selama empat jam dalam 15 hari meningkatkan berat badan tikus galur Wistar.

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Music can modulate emotion through neurohormones secretion. This modulation affects energy input and output, and thus body weight. This research aimed to know whether rock music influenced rats’ body weight. The variable group was exposed to rock music for four hours in 15 consecutive days. Every three days, rats’ body weight was measured. The data were analyzed using unpaired-t test. This study resulted in that rock music significantly increase rats’ body weight (P=0.028). Rock music exposure to Wistar-strained rats for four hours in 15 consecutive days resulted in the increase of their body weight."

"[ABSTRAKCuka apel telah lama digunakan untuk menekan nafsu makan dengan tujuan untuk menurunkan berat badan. Namun, belum banyak bukti penelitian ilmiah yang membuktikan pengaruh penekanan nafsu makan tersebut. Dengan demikian peneliti melakukan sebuah studi eksperimental dengan hipotesis yang akan diuji adalah efektivitas cuka apel dalam menurunkan nafsu makan tikus tidak sebaik yang dimiliki mazindol. Jenis tikus yang digunakan sebagai sampel penelitian adalah tikus Sprague Dawley dengan berat 190- 250 gram. Sampel berjumlah 24 ekor dan dibagi dalam 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol (sebagai kontrol negatif), kelompok mazindol (sebagai kontrol positif), dan kelompok cuka apel. Semua sampel mendapat perlakuan yang sama. Nafsu makan, yang ditunjukkan oleh berat sisa makanan yang diamati selama 2 minggu. Data berat sisa makanan dianalisis menggunakan uji hipotesis One Way Anova dan uji Post Hoc. Peneliti mendapati ada perbedaan bermakna secara statistik berat sisa makanan antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok cuka apel (p = 0,000) dengan uji One Way Anova dan (p = 0,000) dengan uji Post Hoc. Sementara itu, tidak adanya perbedaan bermakna terlihat pada kelompok kontrol dan mazindol (p = 0,623)dengan uji Post Hoc. Dengan demikian disimpulkan efektivitas cuka apel dalam menurunkan nafsu makan lebih baik daripada mazindol.

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ABSTRACTApple cider vinegar has beend used for ages in suppressing appetite in order to lose weight. Meanwhile, there are only few valid studies regarding this matter. Thereby, researcher conducted an experimental study and define the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar is not as good as mazindol for suppressing appetite as the hypothesis. Researcher used Sprague Dawley strain rats which weight are 190-250 grams as research sample. Twenty four rats devided into 3 groups, that is control group (as negative control), mazindol group (as positive control), and apple cider vinegar group. All samples given same treatment. Appetite assessed by the weight of leftovers which has been monitored for 2 weeks. The data of leftovers analyzed by One Way Anova and Post Hoc hyphoteses tests. Researcher found that there is significance difference of leftovers between control and apple cider vinegar group (p = 0,000) using One Way Anova test and (p = 0,000) using Post Hoc test. Meanwhile there is no significance difference between control and mazindol group (p = 0,623) using Post Hoc hypothesis test. In conclusion, the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar in suppressing appetite is better than mazindol.;Apple cider vinegar has beend used for ages in suppressing appetite in order to lose weight. Meanwhile, there are only few valid studies regarding this matter.Thereby, researcher conducted an experimental study and define the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar is not as good as mazindol for suppressing appetite as the hypothesis. Researcher used Sprague Dawley strain rats which weight are 190-250 grams as research sample. Twenty four rats devided into 3 groups, that is controlgroup (as negative control), mazindol group (as positive control), and apple cider vinegar group. All samples given same treatment. Appetite assessed by the weight of leftovers which has been monitored for 2 weeks. The data of leftovers analyzed by One Way Anova and Post Hoc hyphoteses tests. Researcher found that there is significance difference of leftovers between control and apple cider vinegar group (p = 0,000) using One Way Anova test and (p = 0,000) using Post Hoc test.Meanwhile there is no significance difference between control and mazindol group (p = 0,623) using Post Hoc hypothesis test. In conclusion, the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar in suppressing appetite is better than mazindol., Apple cider vinegar has beend used for ages in suppressing appetite in order to lose weight. Meanwhile, there are only few valid studies regarding this matter.Thereby, researcher conducted an experimental study and define the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar is not as good as mazindol for suppressing appetite as the hypothesis. Researcher used Sprague Dawley strain rats which weight are 190-250 grams as research sample. Twenty four rats devided into 3 groups, that is controlgroup (as negative control), mazindol group (as positive control), and apple cider vinegar group. All samples given same treatment. Appetite assessed by the weight of leftovers which has been monitored for 2 weeks. The data of leftovers analyzed by One Way Anova and Post Hoc hyphoteses tests. Researcher found that there is significance difference of leftovers between control and apple cider vinegar group (p = 0,000) using One Way Anova test and (p = 0,000) using Post Hoc test.Meanwhile there is no significance difference between control and mazindol group (p = 0,623) using Post Hoc hypothesis test. In conclusion, the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar in suppressing appetite is better than mazindol.]"

"Latihan fisik merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan belajar dan memori. Latihan fisik dapat meningkatkan kadar serotonin pada otak, termasuk hipokampus, dengan cara meningkatkan transpor triptofan yang merupakan prekursor serotonin menuju otak. Serotonin merupakan neurotransmiter yang diketahui dapat mempengaruhi berbagai fungsi otak, termasuk proses belajar dan memori. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan fisik aerobik intensitas ringan terhadap kemampuan belajar dan memori serta kadar serotonin pada hipokampus. Latihan fisik dilakukan menggunakan treadmill pada kecepatan 15 m/menit selama empat minggu, dengan durasi latihan 15 menit untuk minggu ke-1 dan 25 menit untuk tiga minggu berikutnya. Pada akhir masa perlakuan, hewan coba didekapitasi, jaringan hipokampus diisolasi dan ditimbang. Kemudian serotonin dan triptofan diekstraksi dari jaringan hipokampus, pengukuran kadar serotonin dan triptofan dilakukan dengan menggunakan HPLC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa latihan fisik aerobik intensitas ringan dapat meningkatkan performa hewan coba dalam menyelesaikan uji belajar dan memori pada perangkat water-E maze. Pada kelompok perlakuan, penurunan waktu tempuh yang signifikan terlihat pada minggu ke-1, namun hal tersebut baru terlihat pada minggu ke-4 pada kelompok kontrol. Penurunan jumlah kesalahan yang signifikan pada kelompok perlakuan terlihat pada minggu ke-2, tetapi penurunan jumlah kesalahan yang signifikan belum terlihat sampai dengan minggu ke-4 pada kelompok kontrol. Analisis statistik komparatif hasil belajar dan memori antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam hal waktu tempuh yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan uji belajar dan memori baik oleh kelompok kontrol maupun kelompok perlakuan. Jumlah kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh hewan coba pada kelompok perlakuan lebih sedikit secara signifikan pada uji belajar dan memori minggu ke-3 dan ke-4 (p<0,05). Berat total hipokampus kelompok perlakuan lebih berat secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Kadar serotonin pada hipokampus kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Kadar triptofan lebih tinggi pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol, namun perbedaan tersebut tidak signifikan secara statistik. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan kadar serotonin pada hipokampus yang diinduksi oleh latihan fisik terlibat dalam meningkatkan fungsi dan struktur hipokampus sehingga berperan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan belajar dan memori spasial.

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Physical exercise is one of the most important factors that can improve learning and memory. Physical exercise can enhance serotonin level in the brain by increasing tryptophan (serotonin precursor) transport to the brain, including the hippocampus. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that influencing many brain functions, including learning and memory.

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of low intensity of aerobic exercise on learning and memory ability and serotonin level in adult male wistar rats hippocampus. Physical exercise was done for four weeks using animal treadmill at 15 m/min in speed, 15 minutes for 1st week and 25 minutes for the next three weeks in duration. At the end of the treatment period, animals were decapitated, the hippocampus tissues were isolated and weighed. Then serotonin and tryptophan extracted from hippocampal tissue, the measurements of hippocampal serotonin and tryptophan levels were done using HPLC.

The results showed that low intensity of aerobic exercise can improve animal performance in completing the learning and memory tests on the water-E maze. The duration time to finish learning and memory test was significantly decrease at 1st week in exercised group, but it was seen at 4th week in the control group. The number of errors was significantly decrease at 2nd week in exercised group, but significant decrease in the number of errors have not been seen until the 4th week in the control group.

Statistical comparative test of learning and memory between the control group and the exercised group showed that there was no significant difference in terms of duration time needed by both groups to complete learning and memory tests (p>0,05). Statistically significant difference of error numbers had ben shown by exercised group at 3rd and 4th week (p<0,05). The total weight of the hippocampus of exercised group was significantly heavier than the control group (p<0,05). Serotonin levels in the hippocampus of exercised group significantly higher than that in control group (p<0,05). Meanwhile, triptofan levels was also higher in the hippocampus of exercised group although not significantly different.

These results indicate that the enhancement of serotonin levels in the hippocampus induced by low intensity of aerobic exercise was involved not only in improving the function and stucture of the hippocampus but also spatial learning and memory ability as well."

"Asam gelugur atau Garcinia atroviridis mengandung bahan aktif flavonoid dan asam hidroksisitrat yang dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas hipolipidemik Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak kulit dan buah G atroviridis terhadap kadar kolesterol total darah pada tikus galur Wistar yang diberi asupan tinggi lemak Dua puluh lima ekor tikus galur Wistar betina dibagi menjadi lima kelompok perlakukan secara acak Dua kelompok pertama adalah kelompok kontrol dan kelompok percobaan induksi peningkatan kadar kolesterol total dengan pemberian asupan lemak berlebih selama 21 hari Tiga kelompok lainnya adalah kelompok uji dosis yaitu tikus diberikan tambahan asupan tinggi lemak selama 21 hari pertama Kemudian 21 hari berikutnya tikus diberikan asupan ekstrak G atroviridis sambil mempertahankan asupan tinggi lemak Setelah perlakuan selesai sampel darah tikus diambil untuk pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol totalnya Kemudian dilakukan uji statistik terhadap hasil yang didapat Kadar kolesterol total kelompok uji dosis 20 mg lebih rendah secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok uji dosis 10 mg dan 30 mg Sedangkan kelompok uji dosis 10 mg tidak berbeda bermakna terhadap kelompok uji dosis 30 mg Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa asupan G atroviridis dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total darah Peningkatan dosis ekstrak tidak selalu meningkatkan efektivitas penurunan kadar kolesterol total.

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Asam gelugur or Garcinia atroviridis contains active ingredients such as flavonoids and hydroxycitric acid which have been reported to have a hypolipidemic activity This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of G atroviridis fruit and skin extract on total cholesterol level of rats fed a high fat diet Twenty five female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups The first two groups are the control group and hyperlipidemia induction group fed with high fat diet for 21 days The rest three groups are dose trials in which rats were fed with high fat diet for the first 21 days And for the next 21 days rats were given G atroviridis extract in three different doses which were 10 mg 20 mg and 30 mg while maintaining high fat diet After all the interventions were done blood samples were obtained for laboratory analysis The results are processed using Post Hoc test Total cholesterol of G atroviridis extract 20 mg dose trial group showed significantly lower results compared with 10 mg dan 30 mg dose group However results from 10 mg dose group are not significantly different compared with 30 mg dose group This study has shown that dietary intake of G atroviridis may decrease total cholesterol level Increased dose of G atroviridis extract does not guarantee an increase in effectiveness of decreasing total cholesterol level."

"PCSK9 berperan dalam regulasi homeostasis kolestrol dimana meningkatkan kadar LDL-C dengan mendegradasi reseptor LDL (LDL-R). Penelitian mengenai obat inhibitor PCSK9 masih dikembangkan namun metode uji in vivo yang memfasilitasi PCSK9 sangat terbatas terlebih di Indonesia. Maka dilakukan pembuatan model hewan tinggi PCSK9 menggunakan tikus tipe wild yang diinduksi diet tinggi fruktosa mengikuti penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada hamster dan mencit. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tikus wistar jantan dengan menginduksi diet tinggi fruktosa (HFD) sebanyak 3mL/200grBB selama 3, 4, dan 5 minggu. Plasma dan jaringan ginjal diambil setiap durasi 3, 4 dan 5 minggu dan kadar PCSK9 diukur menggunakan uji ELISA. Sementara ekspresi PCSK9 ginjal dianalisis menggunakan metode western blot. Tikus kelompok HFD menunjukkan kadar PCSK9 plasma yang meningkat signifikan (p<0,05) terhadap kelompok kontrol durasi 3 dan 4 minggu. Durasi optimal peningkatan kadar PCSK9 plasma pada tikus adalah 4 minggu yang menghasilkan kadar PCSK9 sebesar 1389,02 ng/mL. Sementara kadar PCSK9 ginjal menurun signifikan (p<0,05) terhadap kelompok kontrol durasi 3 dan 4 minggu. Ekspresi mature PCSK9 ginjal kelompok HFD lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol.

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PCSK9 plays a role in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis which increases LDL-C levels by degrading LDL receptors (LDL-R). Research on PCSK9 inhibitor drugs is still being developed but in vivo test methods that facilitate PCSK9 are limited, especially in Indonesia. Therefore, an animal model for high PCSK9 was created using wild-type rats induced by a high-fructose diet following research that had been conducted on hamsters and mice. This research was conducted on male Wistar rats by inducing a high fructose diet (HFD) of 3mL/200grBW for 3, 4, and 5 weeks. Plasma and kidney tissue were collected every 3, 4 and 5 weeks and PCSK9 levels were measured using the ELISA test. While kidney PCSK9 expression was analyzed using western blot method. The HFD group rats showed significantly increased plasma PCSK9 levels (p<0.05) compared to the control group for 3 and 4 weeks duration. The optimal duration of increasing plasma PCSK9 levels in rats is 4 weeks which results in PCSK9 levels of 1389.02 ng/mL. Meanwhile, kidney PCSK9 levels decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group for 3 and 4 weeks duration. The expression of kidney mature PCSK9 in the HFD group was higher than the control group."

"Diabetes melitus adalah sindrom metabolik yang banyak diderita oleh masyarakat di Indonesia. Diabetes melitus dapat terjadi karena gangguan sekresi insulin atau gangguan pada reseptor insulin. Gangguan sekresi insulin pada diabetes melitus disebabkan oleh kerusakan pankreas, yang terjadi salah satunya akibat penumpukan stres oksidatif. Daun Tectona grandis adalah salah satu bahan herbal yang dikatakan memiliki efek antidiabetik. Penelitian mengenai pengaruh ekstrak daun Tectona grandis dengan histopatologi pankreas belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan total sampel sebanyak 30 sampel yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, yakni kelompok kontrol normal (tanpa perlakuan), kontrol positif (diabetes dengan metformin), kontrol negatif (diabetes tanpa perlakuan), perlakuan 1 (diabetes dengan pemberian ekstrak daun jati 200 mg/kgBB), perlakuan 2 (diabetes dengan pemberian ekstrak daun jati 400 mg/kgBB), dan perlakuan 3 (diabetes dengan pemberian ekstrak daun jati 800 mg/kgBB). Organ pankreas akan dibaca di bawah mikroskop dengan perbesaran 100 dan 200 kali untuk diamati jumlah pulau Langerhans, ukuran pulau Langerhans, dan sel yang mendominasi pulau Langerhans. Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan tidak adanya pengaruh signifikan antara pemberian ekstrak etanol daun Tectona grandis dengan histopatologi organ pankreas (p>0.05).

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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that is suffered by many people in Indonesia. Diabetes mellitus can occur due to impaired insulin secretion or insulin receptor disorders. Impaired insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus is caused by damage to the pancreas, one of which occurs due to accumulation of oxidative stress. Tectona grandis leaf is one of the herbal ingredients that are said to have antidiabetic effects. Research on the effect of Tectona grandis leaf extract on pancreatic histopathology has never been done. This research is an experimental study with 30 samples divided into 6 groups, normal control group (without treatment), positive control (diabetes with metformin), negative control (diabetes without treatment), treatment 1 (diabetes with extract 200 mg/kgBW), treatment 2 (diabetes with extract 400 mg/kgBW), and treatment 3 (diabetes with extract 800 mg/kgBW). The pancreas organ will be read under a microscope with 100 and 200 times magnification to observe the number of islets of Langerhans, the size of the islets of Langerhans, and the cells that dominate the islets of Langerhans. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was no significant effect between the administration of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Tectona grandis and the histopathology of the pancreas (p>0.05)."

"Protein sangat berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tubuh. Mutu protein ditentukan oleh kandungan asam aminonya, terutama asam amino esensiil. Umumnya protein hewani mengandung asam amino esensiil yang lebih lengkap dibandingkan protein nabati.Cacing tanah merupakan salah satu jenis hewan yang mempunyai potensi sebagai sumber protein bermutu tinggi yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan. kandungan protein cacing tanah berkisar 64-72% dari berat keringnya, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tepung ikan dan tepung daging serta memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik, karena mengandung asam amino esensiil yang tinggi dan lengkap (Gaddie & Douglas; Catalan).Selain menghasilkan bahan baku makanan sumber protein hewani dan pupuk organik berkualitas tinggi, usaha budidaya cacing tanah membantu mengurangi timbulnya pencemaran lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh limbah organik (Catalan).Penelitian eksperimental pada 60 ekor tikus putih jantan galur "Wistar" berumur 21 hari selama 9 minggu, yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok dan masing-masing diberi makanan dengan campuran tepung cacing tanah dan tepung ikan berbeda. Kelompok R-0, diberi makanan basal (mengandung 12% tepung ikan) sebagai kontrol, kelompok R-1, diberi makanan percobaan 1 (mengandung 3% tepung cacing' tanah dan 9% tepung ikan), kelompok R-2, diberi makanan percobaan 2 (mengandung 6% tepung cacing tanah dan 6% tepung ikan), kelompok R-3 diberi makanan percobaan 3 (mengandung 9% tepung cacing tanah dan 3% tepung ikan) dan kelompok R-4 diberi makanan percobaan 4 (mengandung 12% tepung cacing. tanah). Secara keseluruhan, makanan percobaan dibuat dengan kadar protein yang sama, yaitu t 25%.Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap, terdiri atas 5 perlakuan yang diulang 4 kali. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan metode Sidik Ragam (Uji F) untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh perlakuan, serta analisis signifikansi dengan metode Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan untuk mengetahui tingkat perbedaan di antara perlakuan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung cacing tanah 9% dan tepung ikan 3W dalam ransum dapat meningkatkan produktivitas tikus yang sangat bermakna. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh tingginya pertumbuhan dan Nilai Nisbah Efisiensi Protein.Sedangkan penggunaan tepung cacing tanah sebagai sumber protein hewani tunggal sebanyak 12% dalam makanan, mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan pertumbuhan dan Nilai Nisbah Efisiensi Protein yang sangat bermakna, diduga adanya kekurangan atau / dan ketidak seimbangan Kalsium dan Fosfor.

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The role of protein in body growth and development has been known. Its quality pointed by essential amino acids content. Generally, animal contain these proteins more complete than plant.

Earthworm starch is one of animals which is potential as grade A protein source but has not widely used. The content is 64-72% of its net weight, higher than fish starch or meat starch, and with better quality essential amino acids. Besides being raw material of high quality animal protein source, cultivation of earthworm diminishing environmental pollution by organic waste products.

Experimental study on 6O Wistar derived rats of male sex, age 21 days, has been done for 9 weeks; divided into 5 groups, each was feeded by different mix of earthworm starch and fish starch. R-O group got basal food of 12% fish starch as control, R-1 group had trial food 1 of 3k earthworm starch and 9W fish starch, R-2 group took trial food 2 (6% earthworm starch and 6% fish starch), R-3 group got trial food 3 (9$ earthworm starch and 3% fish starch) and R-4 group had trial food 4 contained 12% earthworm starch. As a whole, trial nutrition had the same (12%) protein content.

The experimental design reffered to complete randomized design, consists of 5 experiments repeated 4 times. Data collected was analyzed by random print method (F trial) to know how far was the treatment influence; and also significancy analysis with Duncan Double distance experiment to find out the difference in every treatment. The result show that composition of 9% earthworm starch and 3% fish starch in nutrition can enhancing rats productivity significantly as shown by the high growth and Protein efficiency ratio.

The utilization of earthworm starch as 12% single animal protein source in nutrition, lowering the growth and protein efficiency ratio significantly, may be of lacking or imbalance in Calcium and Phosphor concentration."

"Hipoksia hipobarik merupakan kondisi ketika konsentrasi oksigen mengalami penurunan seiring bertambahnya ketinggian. Fenomena ini dapat memicu stres oksidatif melalui peningkatan produksi radikal bebas yang menyerang komponen molekuler. Pemaparan hipoksia hipobarik intermiten (HHI) disinyalir dapat melatih kemampuan adaptasi jaringan sehingga menjadi lebih toleran terhadap kondisi hipoksia. Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan 30 tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok yang mendapat perlakuan selama 1, 7, 14, 21, dan 28 hari. Pemberian pajanan hipoksia hipobarik setara 10.000 kaki (523 mmHg) dilakukan setiap hari selama satu jam dengan menggunakan hypobaric chamber. Kadar malondialdehid (MDA) setiap sampel kemudian diukur dengan melakukan metode Wills yang dibaca dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 530 nm. Rata-rata kadar MDA secara perlahan mengalami penurunan pada kelompok yang terpajan hipoksia hipobarik intermiten ketika dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang terpajan hipoksia hipobarik akut. Meskipun uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa perubahan ini tidak signifikan, pajanan hipoksia hipobarik intermiten setara 10.000 kaki selama satu jam per hari dapat memengaruhi kadar MDA di jaringan paru tikus Sprague-Dawley.

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A condition known as hypobaric hypoxia occurs when the concentration of oxygen falls with increasing altitude. This phenomenon can trigger oxidative stress through increased production of free radicals, which damage molecules. It is believed that exposure to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) can train tissue adaptation mechanisms, increasing the tissues' tolerance to hypoxic environments. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were utilized in this experiment as they were split into six groups: the control group and the groups that were exposed to IHH for 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Using a hypobaric chamber, exposure to hypobaric hypoxia equal to 10,000 feet (523 mmHg) was done once a day for an hour. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of each sample were measured using the Wills method which was read using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 530 nm. Compared to the acutely exposed to hypobaric hypoxia group, the average MDA level gradually decreased in the group that was exposed to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. Despite the insignificant result, exposure to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia equivalent to 10,000 feet for one hour per day can affect MDA levels in the lung tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats."