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"Optimal operstion of system has become a part of important step for succesfull business ini chemical industres such as pulp and paper mills. The cost of energy in such mill may contributeup to 18% of manufacturing cost. A steam balance may be used to predict an optimal process condition and to understand operation constraints. Steam balance can be easily developed by any process engineer and simulation can be performed in a common electronic spreadsheet. This paper is aimed as an introduction to prepare a steam balance in spesific plant."

"In order to review the structure and characteristic of pressure sensitive label (PSL), the examination of 32 PSL smples has been carried out. The results of visual examination show that PSL is a laminate, consist of label paper layering by adhesive and coated release-paper. The test results showed that the basis weight of PSL is 171.3 - 220.7 g/m2 with the caliper of 0.1680 - 0.2348 mm. The basis weight is correlated well with caliper anfa adhesiveness, but isit not with tensile strength, stretch, and tear strength. The ash content is at least 10 % which means that paper components of PSL contain onorganic filler."

"Treatment of pulp bleaching effluent using Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and Suspended Carrier Biofilm (SCB) systems have been carried out. Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and Suspended Carrier Biofilm (SCB) reactors were run on the Hydraulic. Retention Time (HRT) of 12 hours, respectively. Micronutrient solution containing some traces elements was added into feed wastewater of UASB reactor to accelerate the growth of granular sludge. Sludge characteristics of UASB and activeted sludge reactors were observed and analyzed. Settling rate of granular reactor was also measured. Effluent of UASB reactor was treated further in Susoended Carrier Biofilm (SCB) reactor. Concentration of COD, TSS and AOX parameters both influent and effluent of UASB reactor as well as suspended carrier biofilm (SCB) reactor were analyzed. Result revealed that UASB reactor run on the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 12 hours could remove COD up to 90 % and AOX up to 84 %. Addition of micronutrient solution has accelerated the growth of granular sludge. Dark-brownesh color of granular sludge with the diameter of 1-4 mm having settling rate of 70-120 m/hr has been formed. SCB reactor as post-treatment could remover COD of 85%, TSS of 73 % and AOX of 76%. Sequential UASB and SCB reactor could increase the effectivity of pulp and paper mill wastewatertreatment with the removal of dissolved and suspended organic pollutant more than 94%."

"The organic complex compound contained in pulp and paper's mill wastewater such as lignin and cellulose is difficult to be degraded, that causes low biodegradability of aerobic microorganism in high organic loading rate actinated sludge system. Xylanase and cellulase aplication experiment on activated sludge system process had taken in batch process, aimed to enchance organic complex com[pound's biodegradation effectivity. The experiment used a combination of pulping's wastewater (black liquor) and paper's mill waste to have COD+1500 mg/L. The treatment variations are: activated sludge concentrations (MLSS), enzyme dosages, and residence time. Activated sludge concentrations are MLSS 0, 2000, and 4000 mg/L, xylanase and cellulase's dosages are control, 50 and 100 ppm. and residence time are 12, 18, and 24 hours. This experiment yield highest COD reduction of 35,55% in activated sludge with 50 ppm xylanase application, where 50,96% reached with 100 ppm cellulase application, both occurred in MLSS 2000 mg/L and residence time 24 hours. Compared with control whose only reached COD reduction of 31,12 %, xylanase enchanced the reduction 4,43 % when cellulase enhanced 19,84%."

"Utilization of paper mill sludge from waste treatment plnt for compost have been proven able to improve the quality of land and crop productivity and also uncontaminate the environment. But to produce the compost on a large scale, industry still not yet implemented it because composting process can take time uo to 3 month. Composting of paper mill sludge by fungi Phanerochaeta chrysosporium, Trichoderma harzianum ad Trichoderma reesei have been done atLaboratory scale. The results showed that composting of paper mill sludge by fungsi Treichoderma harzianum have the highest cellulose degradation. Composting process for 28 day, can reach the quality standard of compost."

"Oil spill can contaminate the environment as a consequence of activities related to crude oil exploration, oil refinary, transporation, pipeline leaking, and industrial processes. This researchrelated with the characteristics of coir dust as oil sorbent material to remove oil from water. Hydrophobicity is an important parameter that determines the effectiveness of the oil sorbent. Some treatment were done in this research to increase the hydrophobicity of choir dust. Moreover, these treatments were expected to improve oil sorption capacity of coir dust. They are heating andacetylation prosess. The results showed both of heating and acetylation could increase hydrophobicity and oil sorption capacity onto coir dust."

"In this experiment, xylanase was used prior to bleaching. The dosages of xylanase are 0.25; 0,5; 0,75; 1;1,25 kg/ton of chips. The pulps after pretreatment were tested and treated with D0ED1D2 bleaching sequences. The result shoew that xylanase can decreasekappa number as much as 10.33-11.45. The optinum kappa number (10.33) was obtaidned by addition xylanase 0.75 kg/ton of chips. Xylanase also increases increase bleachability of pulp and decrease dirt on pulp, from initial brightness 82.4 % ISO to 83.10 % ISO. While dirt from 9.5 mm2/m was decrease to 7-8 mm2/m2. Xylanase was able to decrease dichloromethane extractive content in bleached pulp as much as 0.06-0.14 point. Xylanase also increases bleaching selectivity, as physical strength of pulp tend to increase."

"In the period 1996 to 2006,Indonesian pulp and paper production increased rapidly from 5.5 million tones to 16.5 million tones

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"Latar belakang: Destruksi yang parah pada individu dalam bencana membuat identifikasi dan pemeriksaan sulit. Estimasi usia dental adalah salah satu cara untuk identifikasi individual. Estimasi usia pada orang dewasa cukup sulit karena proses penuaan yang terkait usia dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Metode Kvaal dan Cameriere adalah metode radiografi pemeriksaan pulpa untuk estimasi usia dewasa. Tujuan: Mengetahui penelitian terbaru terkait metode Kvaal dan Cameriere serta penilaian akurasi untuk kedua metode. Metode: Pencarian dilakukan melalui database seperti Scielo, PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, Science direct, dan Wiley Online Library. Pencarian menggunakan panduan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Hasil: Pencarian menghasilkan 1190 studi dimana 39 studi memenuhi kriteria untuk diinklusikan. Studi dari 12 populasi dengan 7510 sampel individu ditemukan. Underestimasi ditemukan dengan metode Kvaal (-2.95 tahun, 95% CI) dan overestimasi ditemukan dengan metode Cameriere (0.89 tahun, 95% CI) pada metaanalisis ini. Metode Cameriere menghasilkan beda rerata dan kesalahan standar estimasi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan metode Kvaal. Kesimpulan: Metode Kvaal dan Cameriere dapat digunakan sebagai metode pendukung untuk estimasi usia dewasa melalui formula spesifik populasi. Metode Cameriere menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan metode Kvaal.

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Background: Significant destruction of human remains in disasters lead to a challenging examination and identification. Dental age estimation is one of the ways to identify individuals. Age estimation in adults has been a challenge as the changes related to the aging process are affected by numerous factors. Kvaal and Cameriere method are the pulp assessment radiological method to estimate adult age. Aim: To summarize the recent research using Kvaal and Cameriere method as pulp assessment methods and to assess the accuracy of the Kvaal and Cameriere method. Method: Searches were conducted through databases including Scielo, PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, Science direct, and Wiley Online Library. The searches were performed using the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Results: The search resulted in 1190 studies in which 39 studies were eligible to be included in the studies. Research from 12 populations were found with a total of 7510 individual samples. Underestimation was found using the Kvaal method (-2.95 years, 95% CI) and overestimation was found using Cameriere method (0.89 years, 95% CI) in this meta-analysis. The Cameriere method

presented lower mean difference and Standard Error of Estimation (S.E.E) compared to the

Kvaal method. Conclusion: The Cameriere method and Kvaal method as pulp assessment

radiological methods can be used as an adjunctive method to estimate adult age through population specific equation. Cameriere method showed better result in this study"