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"Tesis ini membahas tentang Kebijakan Kepemilikan Tunggal Perbankan yang merupakan salah satu penjabaran dari Arsitektur Perbankan Indonesia. Penulisan tesis ini dilakukan menggunakan data sekunder dengan metode yuridis-normatif. Kebijakan Kepemilikan Tunggal Perbankan yang di keluarkan oleh Bank Indonesia dalam bentuk Peraturan Bank Indonesia PBI Nomor 8/I6/PBI/2006, TLN 4642 dimana dalam Kebijakan Kepemilikan Tunggal Perbankan ini mewajibkan pemilik saham pengendali bank yang sama pada dua bank berbeda untuk memilih opsi divestasi, merger konsolidasi maupun mendirikan bank holding company. Pemilihan salah satu opsi menimbulkan benturan dengan undang- undang tentang Perseroan Terbalas dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat Kebijakan Kepemilikan Tunggal Perbankan diharapkan memperkuat industri perbankan nasional serta menjadi jawaban atas banyaknya pemilik saham pengendali yang memanfaatkan posisinya untuk berbuat yang merugikan kondisi perbankan nasional.

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This Thesis discuss about single presence policy which implemented from the Indonesian banking architecture. The written of this Thesis using secondary data with the normatif -yuridis method. The single presence policy that issued by Bank of Indonesia in the form of The regulation Bank of Indonesia Number 8/ 16/PBI/2006, TLN 4642 that obligated the ultimate shareholder which become ultimate in two different bank should pick an option, whether to divest, merger consolidation or make a holding company. The choice of an option is not unfit with the company law and the law of monopoly. This policy expected to stronger the banking industry and became the answer for many ultimate shareholder that misuse the ultimate position and make loss the national banking industry."

"banking liberalization process has begun since retification of General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) Possibly access for foreign investor into Indonesia banking open through such ways as: establishing a new bank, purchasing of bank's share and erecting of bank's branch and representative. According to current regulation foreigners who want to open a new bank should not be in form of bank as formerly regulated, but it can be as individual and as foreign non-bank entity. No more restriction regarding foreign ownership of mayority bank's shareholder. Through Government Regulation No. 29 year of 1999 concerning of purchasing general bank's share and Bank of Indonesia regulation No.2/27/PBI/2000 regarding general bank have arranged that maximum foreign ownership over general bank is 99% of the capital paid by general bank. The foreign ownership of bank is not only open through stock market but also by direct purchasing of share. Foreign domination on national bank is now rampant through such ways as acquisition, merger and or consolidation. The question is what's the relevancy amongst banking consolidation policy, single presence policy and foreign domination on Indonesia national bank?"

"Banking liberalization process has begun since ratification of General Agreement on trade in services (GATS). Possibly access for foreign investor into Indonesia Banking open through such ways as : ..."

"Single presence policy is a policy which is surprising not only for businessman in banking sector but also for general community..."

"Single Presence Policy is a policy which is surprising not only for businessmen in banking sector but also for general community. The policy called "Pakto" (The Package of October Policy) 2006 reminds us to last "Pakto" policy in 1988 that was 18 years ago where in national banking promoted a concept of liberalization. Jumping to liberalization without proper anticipation and good manner has impacted on the emerge of mushrooming bank without sufficient preparation to banking risk management. Banking liberalization concept has an effect on the policy of merger, consolidation, closing down and bank liquidation. Liquidity Assistance of Bank of Indonesia (BLBI) scenario has no end, but creating a vriminal accusations in banking practices. Single Presence Policy (SPP) bring a new panorama into banking industry. Substances of SPP has potential to create inconsistency to other regulations of business competition, limited corporation, and therefore open to foreign investor for dominating national banking."

"Tesis ini dilatarbelakangi penerbitan Arsitektur Perbankan Indonesia (API) oleh Bank Indonesia dalam rangka penataan kembali industri perbankan setelah krisis moneter tahun 1997. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam Tesis ini adalah bagaimana pengaruh kebijakan API terhadap struktur, tingkat persaingan dan kinerja industri perbankan Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah berlakunya kebijakan API. Tujuan Tesis ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk struktur, pengaruh kebijakan API terhadap tingkat persaingan industri perbankan dan menganalisis dampak penerapan kebijakan API bagi kinerja perbankan Indonesia dengan periode penelitian tahun 2001 - 2008. Untuk mengukur tingkat persaingan dan bentuk struktur dalam industri perbankan Indonesia digunakan model Panzar-Rosse. Model ini memberikan indikator persaingan yang dikenal sebagai statistik H yang menyediakan penilaian kuantitatif dari persaingan dalam pasar. Statistik H didapatkan dari jumlah elastisitas revenue terhadap harga faktor-faktor produksi berdasarkan reduced form persamaan pendapatan bank. Persyaratan dalam metode Panzar-Rosse adalah sampel observasi harus mewakili ekuilibrium long run untuk mengukur tingkat kestabilan, mengingat model ini menggunakan pendekatan statis. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa setelah diterbitkan kebijakan API oleh Bank Indonesia, maka struktur perbankan Indonesia berbentuk monopoli atau oligopoli kolusif. Bentuk struktur tersebut mencerminkan adanya perbedaan tingkat persaingan bank umum pada periode sebelum dan sesudah API diterbitkan. Dengan diberlakukannya kebijakan API, kondisi perbankan nasional tidak menjadi lebih stabil dibandingkan sebelum API diterbitkan. Namun ketidakstabilan ini tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja bank umum, sehingga setelah kebijakan API diterbitkan kinerja bank umum mengalami peningkatan.

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The background of this Thesis was the issuance of the Indonesian Banking Architecture (API) by Bank Indonesia in the framework of restructuring the banking industry after the financial crisis in 1997. The main concern of this thesis was the impact of the Indonesian Banking Architecture policy toward structure, the level of competition and performance of the Indonesian banking industry before and after the promulgated of API. The purpose of this Thesis is to identify the shape of the structure, to measure the impact of promulgated of API policy toward the level of competition of the banking industry and to analyze the impact of API?s implementation toward performance of banking industry with year study period from 2001 to 2008. To measure the level of competition and the shape of the structure of Indonesian banking industry used Panzar-Rosse model. This model provides an indicator of competition, known as H statistic that provides a quantitative assessment of competition in the market.

H statistics obtained from the amount of revenue to price elasticity factors of production based on the reduced form bank revenue equations. The terms of the Panzar-Rosse method is to sample observation should be representative of long run equilibrium to measure the level of stability, since this model uses a static approach. On the basis of test result, it is concluded that after the Indonesia Banking Architecture policy issued by Bank Indonesia, the structure of Indonesian banking industry is monopoly or collusive oligopoly. This structure reflects the different levels of competition for commercial banks in the period before and after the implementation of API. The condition of banking industry do not become more stable than before the published of API. However this instability does not affect toward performance of banking industry, so performance of banking industry have increased."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang penerapan ketentuan Kepemilikan Tunggal Perbankan berdasarkan Peraturan Bank Indonesia No. 8/I6/PBI/2006 dalam tinjauan hukum persaingan usaha, bahwa pengaturan ketentuan tersebut membatasi kepemilikan sebagai pemegang saham pengendali lebih dan satu bank. Opsi merger maupun akuisi baik dalam bentuk baru maupun perusahaan induk, mempunyai potensi terjadinya praktek monopoli maupun persaingan usaha tidak sehat. PBI tersebut mengecualikan PP No. 28/1999 tentang Merger, Konsolidasi dan Akuisisi Bank. Hal ini dari segi hukum masih menimbulkan persoalan, karena PBI tidak dapat mengesampingkan Peraturan Pemerintah, sebaiknya PBI ini ditingkatkan menjadi Peraturan Pemerintah sehingga mengikat dengan mencakup perusahaan induk di bidang perbankan dengan mencakup aspek hukum persaingan usaha.

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This thesis is focus on implementation of Bank Indonesia Regulation (BIR)No. 8/16/2006 concerning The Single Presence Policy in Indonesian Banks in point of competition law, the regulation rules that any party may only become a Controlling Shareholder in one bank. The option of merger and acquisition as well as alternative to form a bank holding company is has potential become monopoly practice and unfair competition. This BIR exclude Indonesian Government Regulation No. 28/1999 concerning Merger, Consolidation and Acquisition Bank. In Indonesian Legal System, BIR cannot exclude Indonesian Government Regulation, so the Indonesian Government should establish bank holding company regulation included merger and acquisition regulation regarding to competition law."

"Bank Indonesia telah mengeluarkan kebijakan untuk mengatasi pesatnya pertumbuhan bank di Indonesia sejak krisis ekonomi 1997, yang juga disebut sebagai Single Presence Policy, yang sekarang diatur dalam POJK No. 39 / POJK.03 / 2017. Peraturan tersebut menetapkan bahwa satu pihak hanya dapat mengendalikan pemegang saham di satu bank, untuk melakukannya, dapat dilakukan dengan 3 opsi yang diberikan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, yaitu merger dan / atau konsolidasi, pembentukan Perusahaan Induk Bank, dan Fungsi Induk. Untuk bank-bank BUMN, pemerintah Indonesia berencana untuk mendirikan Bank Holding Company melawan empat bank negara, yaitu Bank Negara Indonesia, Bank Mandiri, Bank Rakyat Indonesia, dan Bank Tabungan Nasional. Tesis ini akan menjelaskan dan menganalisis implementasi Kebijakan Kepemilikan Tunggal bersama dengan implikasi positif dan negatif dari pembentukan Perusahaan Induk bank-bank BUMN, dengan penunjukan PT Danareksa sebagai perusahaan induk. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif, dan bersifat deskriptif analitis, dengan mengkaji bahan pustaka sebagai data sekunder yang didukung oleh wawancara dengan informan. Dalam pembentukan Perusahaan Induk Bank, akan ada implikasi positif dan negatif, termasuk hukum persaingan usaha, kemampuan bisnis, holding operasional, dan hak istimewa BUMN. Direkomendasikan kepada regulator untuk melengkapi dan mensinkronkan UU BUMN baru dengan UU Anti Monopoli yang baru agar tidak saling bertentangan, dan kepada Kementerian Keuangan dan Kementerian BUMN untuk meninjau kembali rencana pendirian Bank Holding Company untuk meminimalkan munculnya aspek negatif termasuk risiko yang akan berdampak pada perekonomian Indonesia.

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Bank Indonesia has issued a policy to address the rapid growth of banks in Indonesia since the 1997 economic crisis, which is also called as the Single Presence Policy, which is now regulated under POJK No. 39 / POJK.03 / 2017. The regulations stipulate that one party can only be the controlling shareholder in one bank, to do so, it can be done with 3 options provided by the Financial Services Authority, namely mergers and / or consolidations, formation of a Bank Holding Company, and Holding Function. For state-owned banks, the Indonesian government plans to establish a Bank Holding Company against the four states banks, which is Bank Negara Indonesia, Bank Mandiri, Bank Rakyat Indonesia, and the National Savings Bank.

This thesis will explain and analyze the implementation of the Single Ownership Policy along with the positive and negative implications of the formation of the Holding Company of state-owned banks, with the appointment of PT Danareksa as the holding company. This research is normative legal research, and is descriptive analytical, by reviewing library materials as secondary data supported by interviews with informants. In the formation of the Bank Holding Company, there will be positive and negative implications, including business competition law, business abilities, operational holding, and the privileges of BUMN.

It is recommended to regulators to complete and synchronize the new BUMN Law with the new Anti-Monopoly Law so as not to contradict each other, and to the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of BUMN to review the plan to establish Bank Holding Company to minimize the emergence of negative aspects including risks that will have animpact in the Indonesian economy."