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"Obstructive jaundice can be caused by malignant or benign origi. The treatment for these situations includes drainage by biliary stenting.The main of this study was to evaluate the success rate of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in evaluating malignant obstructive jaundice and the success rate of plastic stent placement...."

"Demam neutropenia pasca kemoterapi adalah morbiditas yang masih tinggi pada anak dengan keganasan. Sejumlah faktor prognostik, pola kuman, penggunaan antibiotik dan antijamur dapat memengaruhi luaran namun penelitian di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pola kuman, sensitvitas antibiotik serta faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas infeksi anak DN. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kohort retrospektif serta studi desktriptif terhadap 180 pasien (252 episode demam) di RSCM periode 2015-2017. Riwayat medis, pola kuman, sensitivitas antibiotik didata serta faktor prognostik dianalisis menggunakan uji multivariat regresi logistik. Bakteri terbanyak adalah gram negatif 51,5% diikuti gram positif 47,1%%. Golongan jamur terbanyak adalah Candida sp.(82,5%) Sensitivitas antibiotik Klebsiella sp. terutama amikasin (85,71%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa terhadap seftazidim (75%), amikasin dan gentamisin (100%). Staphylococcus sp. terutama amoksiklav dan ampicsulbactam (76.92%). Hampir semua golongan jamur sensitif flukonoazole, ketokonazole, vorikonazole (80-100%). Faktir prognostik yang meningkatkan mortalitas adalah pemasangan vena sentral (RR 1,947; IK95% 1,114-3,402), gizi kurang (RR 1,176;IK95% 1,044-1,325), gizi buruk (RR 1,241;IK95% 0,975-1,579), serta keganasan hematologi (RR 0,87;IK95% 0,788-0,976).

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Fever post-chemotherapy neutropenia is still a high morbidity in children with malignancy. A number of prognostic factors, microorganisms, antibiotic and antifungal use can affect outcomes but research in Indonesia is still limited. This study aims to determine the pattern of germs, antibiotic sensitivity and factors that influence the mortality of FN child infections. This study was a retrospective cohort as well as a descriptive study of 180 patients (252 episodes of fever) in RSCM 2015-2017 period. Medical history, microorganisms, antibiotic sensitivity was recorded as well as prognostic factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression tests. The most common bacteria was gram negative 51.5% and gram positive 47.1 %%. In the fungus group, Candida sp. was most common (82.5%). Antibiotic sensitivity of Klebsiella sp. mainly amikasin (85.71%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa against seftazidim (75%), amikasin and gentamisin (100%). Staphylococcus sp. mainly amoksiklav and ampicsulbactam (76.92%). Almost all fungi groups was sensitive flukonoazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole (80-100%). Prognostic factors that increase mortality was central venous insertion (RR 1,947; 95%CI 1,114-3,402), wasted (RR 1,176; 95%CI 1,044-1,325), severe malnutrition (RR 1,241; 95%CI 0.975-1,579), and hematological malignancies (RR 0.87; 95%CI 0.788-0.976)."

"Latar Belakang: Keganasan saluran cerna bagian atas terutama esofagus dan gastermerupakan penyebab kematian akibat kanker keenam dan ketiga di dunia. Beberapapenelitian mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesintasan pasien padapasien keganasan esofagus, gaster dan duodenum dalam studi yang terpisah telahbanyak dilakukan, namun saat ini belum diketahui sepenuhnya faktor-faktor apasaja yang mempengaruhi kematian pasien keganasan saluran cerna bagian atas diIndonesia dengan pengembangan model prognostik.Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor prognostik kematian 1 tahun pada pasienkeganasan saluran cerna bagian atas di Indonesia.Metode: Studi kohort retrospektif berbasis data rekam medis pasien keganasansaluran cerna bagian atas di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo (2015-2019). Analisisbivariat dan multivariat dengan uji statistik Cox Proportional Hazards RegressionModel dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor independen yangmempengaruhi kematian pasien keganasan saluran cerna bagian atas. Sistem skordikembangkan berdasarkan identifikasi faktor-faktor tersebut.Hasil: 184 pasien dianalisis, sebagian besar laki-laki (58,7%), dengan rata ratausia 54,5 tahun. Faktor-faktor independen yang berhubungan dengan kematian 1tahun pasien keganasan saluran cerna bagian adalah usia > 60 tahun dengan HR1,93 (IK95% 1,30-2,88), indeks massa tubuh < 20 dengan HR 2,04 (IK95% 1,25-3,33), riwayat merokok dengan HR 1,77 (IK95%1,20-2,61), performa status ECOG> 2 dengan HR 3,37 (IK95% 2,11-5,37), stadium tumor dengan stadium 4 denganHR 9,42 (IK95% 1,27-69,98) dan stadium 3 HR 9,78 (IK95% 1,31-72,69), danderajat diferensiasi tumor dengan HR 2,30 (IK95% 1,48-3,58) Kesintasan 1 tahunadalah 39,7% dengan median survival 9 bulan. Skor prognotik kematian keganasnsaluran cerna bagian atas yang dikembangkan memiliki nilai AUC yang baik 0,918Kesimpulan: Faktor-faktor independen yang berhubungan dengan kematian 1tahun pasien keganasan saluran cerna bagian atas adalah usia, indeks masa tubuh,riwayat merokok, performa status, stadium tumor, derajat diferensiasi tumor danketerlambatan intervensi. Kesintasan 1 tahun pasien keganasan saluran cerna bagian atasadalah 39,7%. Telah dibuat sistem skor prediksi probabilitas kematian keganasansaluran cerna bagian atas

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Background: Upper gastrointestinal malignancy especially esophageal and gastric

cancer is the sixth and third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.

Some studies have been done separately to investigate factors which associated

with survival in patients with upper gastrointestinal malignancy, but not fully

evaluated which factors associated with mortality patients with upper

gastrointestinal malignancy regarding variables and prognostic score model.

Objective: To assess prognostic factors for one-year mortality in patients with

upper gastrointestinal malignancy in Indonesia

Methods: Retrospective cohort study using the hospital database of patients with

upper gastrointestinal malignancy at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (2015-2019).

Bivariate and multivariate cox proportional hazards regression analysis were

performed to identify independent factors associated with mortality upper

gastrointestinal malignancy. Scoring system were developed based on the identified

factors.

Results: 184 patients were analyzed, mostly male (58,7%) with average ages 54,5

years old. Independent factors associated with one-year mortality were age > 60

years with HR 1,93 (95%CI 1,30-2,88), body mass index < 20 with HR 2,04 (95%CI

1,25-3,33), smoking history with HR 1,77 (95%CI 1,20-2,61), performance status

ECOG > 2 with HR 3,37 (95%CI 2,11-5,37), clinical stage which is 4th stage HR

9,42 (95%CI 1,27-69,98) and 3rd stage HR 9,78 (95%CI 1,31-72,69), and cellular

differentiation grade with HR 2,30 (95%CI 1,48-3,58). One-year survival rate was

39,7% with median survival was 9 months. The scoring system for predicting

mortality had AUC values of 0,918 respectively.

Conclusion: The independent factors associated with one-year mortality were age,

body mass index, smoking history, performance status, clinical stage of tumor,

cellular differentiation grade, and delay for start treatment. 1-year survival rate

was 39,7%. The mortality probability prediction scoring system has been developed

for upper gastrointestinal malignancy"

"Gen NANOG berperan dalam pembentukan faktor transkripsi yang memiliki DNA binding domain. Protein yang dibentuk oleh gen ini memiliki kemampuan untuk menimbulkan dan mempertahankan sifat pluripotent dari sebuah sel. Dikarenakan sifat sel tumor yang pluripotent, banyak studi telah dilakukan untuk menilai peran NANOG dalam keganansan tumor. Namun, data mengenai peran NANOG pada keganansan gliom belum cukup untuk mengklarifikasi efek NANOG pada perkembangan glioma. Glioma merupakan tumor otak yang paling dijumpai dalam praktik klinis. Tantangan dalam penanganan glioma terletak pada lokasi tumor yang susah dan beresiko untuk dijangkau. Penanganan glioma, beresiko tinggi untuk mengakibatkan kerusakan pada jaringan otak yang dapat berakibat pada kehilangan fungsi tubuh dan bahkan berakibat pada kematian. Dalam kesempatan ini, studi ini dilakukan untuk meninjau peran NANOG dalam keganasan glioma untuk menunjang penanganan dini dan mengurangi mortalitas dan morbiditas penderita. Studi dilaksanankan melalui kuantifikasi gen dengan metode real-time RT-PCR atas specimen glioma yang diperoleh melalui operasi pengangkatan tumor di Departemen Bedah Saraf FKUI-RSCM. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan adanya kecenderungan ekspresi NANOG untuk lebih tinggi di glioma tingkat tinggi dibandingkan glioma tingkat rendah walau tidak signifikan menurut statisitik. Diperlukan studi yang lebih besar untuk menunjang peran NANOG sebagain penanda keganasan pada kasus glioma.NANOG gene codes for a transcription factor with a DNA binding domain that has been found to contribute in maintenance and induction of cell pluripotency. Due to this characteristic, extensive studies have been done to evaluate its function as biomarker of tumor malignancy. However, the role of NANOG in glioma malignancy is not yet elucidated. Glioma, a leading tumor of the brain remains a challenging medical condition due to the location of the tumor. Treatment is complicated due to the high chance of compromising the brain structure which could lead to detrimental effects in body functions. The study conducted is to determine the role of NANOG in glioma malignancy by performing NANOG gene quantification using real-time RT-PCR in low-grade and high-grade glioma samples that was obtained from resection surgery in the Neurosurgery Department of FKUI-RSCM. Statistical analysis, showed that there was not significant difference in NANOG expression between the low-grade and high-grade glioma. Despite the absence of significance, there is a trend for higher expression of NANOG in high-grade glioma compared to low-grade glioma. The result, supports the proposition of NANOG as glioma malignancy biomarker. Further studies need to be conducted with greater sample to bolster the NANOG role in glioma malignancy."

"Diabetics occasionally need enteral nutrition-either as supplement or in situations necessitating total dependency on enteral nutrition to fulfill their energy requirements. Enteral nutrition specifically designed fordiabet-ics is not yet available in our hospital, as sugar is often added to enteral nutrition preparations, subsequently affecting the blood glucose profiles of the patients.

This study was done to determine the glycemic index of 4 kinds of enteraf feeding formulas, conducted among ambulatory diabetics attending the Diabetic Clinic of the Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Central National Hospital.

Twenty samples were purposively chosen among the Diabetic Clinic attendees. They were well-controlled non-pregnant diabetics; none of them were having either kidney or liver problems, and were otherwise healthy. Each of the diabetic studied was given 50-g glucose syrup (200 Kcal) as a standard load. With a 3 to 4 days interval, the patients were consecutively given several enteral feeding formulas, i.e., the standard hospital enteral feeding formula (MC-FRS I), a newly developed diabetic formula (MC-FRS II), a frequently-used commercially avai 1-ablepredigested/elemental enteral feeding formula {MC-FK I = Isocal), and a new predigested/elemental enteral feeding formula specifically designed for diabetics (MC-FK II=Diabetasol). All of the formulas tested contained energy equal to 50-g glucose (200 Kcal). Blood glucose was measured with an Accutrend-Ames® glucometer in fasting condition and subsequently 30,60,90 and 120 minutes after the load. Any glucose/enteral feeding loading was given 30 minutes after. Data were presented as a blood glucose curve and glycemic index were calculated as area under the blood glucose curve of each food load compared to the standard glucose load, presented as percentage.

In all the enteral feedings studied, the blood glucose response curves went up and the peaks achieved in 60 minutes, thereafter declined to points above the initial fasting blood glucose values. The glycemic index of the MC-FRS I, MC-FRS II, MC-FK I and MC-FK II were 39.6%, 25%, 45% and 52.1% respectively.

The sugar that was added to the MC-FRS I and MC-FK I did not give rise to higher blood glucose levels as compared to the other non-glucose-added food. All of the enteral feeding formula tested showed low glycemic index (Miller, less than 55%). The difference glycemic index among the formulas studied might be due to different food composition (predigested/elemental component in the commercial enteral feeding formula; no sugar added and higher fiber in MC-FRS II as compared to MC-FRS I; higher fat content in MC-FK 1 as compared to MC-FK II). Glycemic index of enteral feeding formula was particularly determined by the total carbohydrate, total fat and total protein content of the food, as well as the presence of fiber and antinutrient in the food studied."

"Angka kejadian Kandidosis vulvovaginalis (KVV) yang disebabkan C.non-albicans belakangan ini cenderung meningkat. Namun di RSCM, sampai saat ini belum ada data tentang proporsi dan karakteristik KVV yang disebabkan C.non- albicans. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan studi potong lintang. Subyek penelitian adalah wanita yang datang ke Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin serta Poliklinik Kebidanan dan Kandungan RSCM yang mengeluh keputihan dan gatal, serta pada pemeriksaan sediaan apus dengan pewarnaan Gram ditemukan blastospora dengan atau tanpa pseudohifa, tanpa infeksi genital spesifik lain. Kultur dibuat dengan menggunakan media CHROMagar Candida untuk membedakan spesies Candida penyebab. Didapatkan subyek terbanyak pada kelompok usia 26 – 44 tahun, dengan nilai tengah 29 tahun. Dari 69 subyek yang menderita KVV, sebanyak 30,4% disebabkan oleh C.non- albicans, terdiri atas : C. glabrata (61,9%), C. tropicalis (28,6%) dan C. parapsilosis (9,5%). KVV yang disebabkan oleh C.non-albicans cenderung terjadi pada pasien dengan usia lebih dari 45 tahun, menggunakan KB non-hormonal, memiliki pasangan dengan keluhan gatal dan kemerahan pada ujung penis dan keluhan terjadi lebih dari satu tahun. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan gejala klinis KVV yang disebabkan oleh C. albicans dan C. non-albicans. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 142-7)

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The prevalence of Vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) caused by C.non-albicans tends to increase, recently. The aim of this study was to obtain data about proportion and clinical characteristic of C.non-albicans VVC at dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. This is a cross-sectional study on all female patients with symptoms of VVC visiting Obstetri-gynaecology and Dermatovenereology outpatient clinics at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. All subjects had positive Gram stain, showed Candida spp. on culture with CHROMagar Candida, and had no other specific genital infections. Sixty nine subjects aged 26 – 44 years old (averaged 29 years old) were included in this study. Candida non-albicans was found in 30.4% subject, and consisted of: C. glabrata (61.9%), C. tropicalis (28.6%) and C. parapsilosis (9.5%). We found that C.non-albicans VVC infections are more common in women above 45 years old, using non-hormonal contraceptives, whose sexual partner has erythema and pruritus in glands penis, and having the disease for more than 1 year. No differences in clinical symptoms were noted between C. albicans and C.non-albicans infection. We concluded from this study that the proportion of C. non-albicans infections at dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, with C. glabrata represents the most prevalent species. No characteristic clinical symptoms were found from the subjects with C.non-albicans VVC when compared with those infected by C. albicans. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 142-7)"

"Infeksi nosokomial merupakan salah satu masalah utama di rumah sakit yang berkaitan dengan morbiditas, mortalitas dan peningkatan biaya kesehatan. Survilens sebaiknya dilakukan berkala untuk mendapatkan data tentang insiden infeksi nosokomial, jenis infeksi, patogen dan pola resistensi. Kami melaporkan hasil surveilens nosokomial di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional (RSUPN) Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, antara tahun 1999 hingga 2002. Data didapatkan dari surveilens yang dilakukan oleh Panitia Pengendalian Infeksi Rumah Sakit. Surveilens dilakukan terhadap pasien dengan risiko infeksi nosokomial seperti menjalani prosedur bedah, kateter urin, kateter vena perifer atau sentral, ventilator dan prosedur invasif lainnya. Kriteria infeksi nosokomial yang digunakan berdasarkan Pedoman dan Petunjuk Teknis Panitia Pengendalian Infeksi Nosokomial RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo tahun 1999 yang mengacu pada definisi CDC mengenai infeksi nosokomial. Insiden infeksi nosokomial pada tahun 1999, 2000, 2001 dan 2002 adalah 1,1;0,9;0,6 dan 0,4 %. Jenis infeksi nosokomial mencakup infeksi kateter, luka operasi, saluran kemih dan saluran pernapasan berkisar antara 0 hingga 5,6 %. Bakteri Gram negatif terdiri dari Pseudomonas sp, Enterobakter aerogenes, Eskherishia koli, Proteus mirabilis merupakan patogen tersering. Bakteri Gram positif terdiri dari Staphylococcus epidermidis, Stafilokokus aureus dan Streptokokus anhemolitikus. Didapatkan pada surveilens ini kecenderungan insiden infeksi nosokomial bakteri Gram positif. Sebagian besar bakteri Gram negatif telah resisten terhadap penisilin, amoksisilin-asam klavulanat dan sefalosporin generasi ke-3, tetapi masih sensitif terhadap sefalosporin generasi ke-4 dan aminoglikosida. Bakteri Gram positif masih sensitif terhadap penisilin, amoksisilin-asam klavulanat, sefalosporin generasi ke-4 dan aminoglikosida. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 107-12)

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Nosocomial infection are one of the main problem in hospital which are associated with significant morbidity, mortality and increased economic cost. Surveillance should be attempted regularly to obtain local data of incidence of nosocomial infections, types of infection, pathogen and resistance pattern. We reported the results of nosocomial surveillance in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, in year 1999 to 2002. The data were obtained from surveillance, conducted by Nosocomial Infection Control Committee. Surveillance were performed to patient in risk of nosocomial infections such as underwent surgical procedure, urinary catheter, peripheral or central venous catheter, ventilator and other invasive procedure. Criteria for nosocomial infection which were used, based on technical guidelines of nosocomial infection in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, year 1999; which referred to CDC definition of nosocomial infections. Incidence rate of nosocomial infections in year 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002 were 1.1, 0.9, 0.6 and 0.4 % respectively. Type of nosocomial infection include catheter related, surgical wound, urinary tract and respiratory tract infections, ranged between 0 to 5.6 %. Gram negative bacteria consist of Pseudomonas sp, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis were the most common nosocomial pathogen. Gram positive bacteria consist of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus anhemolyticus. Trend of increasing incidence of Gram positive nosocomial infection also showed in our surveillance. Mostly Gram negative bacteria had been resistant to penicillin, co amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 3rd generation cephalosporin, but still sensitive to 4th generation cephalosporin and aminoglycoside. The Gram positive bacteria were still sensitive to penicillin, co amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 4th generation cephalosporin and aminoglycoside. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 107-12)"

"Background: Tire methods of ERCP have been used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes to pass bile fluid and extract stones from the bite duct in patients with obstructive extrahepatic jaundice.

Method: A retrospective study was performed on patients with obstructive extrahepatic jaundice patients who underwent ERCP dttring a two-years time period from January 1999 to December 2000. ERCP was performed with a premedication of I0 mg midazolam, followed by a chollangiography contrast containing 1 mg/dl of Garamicin and 25 mg of Pethidine if sphincterotomy was performed.

Results: From 126 patients with obstructive extrahepatic jaundice treated with ERCR the male to female ratio was 1.86:1. The majority of the (group) of patients were between 51-60 years of age (33.3 % ). The youngest patient (group) was 24 years and the oldest 97 years. The diagnostic study found the following cases: normal 3 cases (28%), bile duct stone 46 cases (43.4%) carcinoma of ampula voter 20 cases (18.9%), CBD tumor 7 crises (6.6%), carcinoma of head of pancreas 2 cases (1.9%), diverticle 4 cases (38%), duodenal tumor I case (0.9%), carcinoma of ampula vater and bite duct stone 1 case (0.9%), SOD 5 cases (4.7%), CBD stricture 1 case (0.9%) and failure I6 cases (15.1%). The patients received the following treatment: sphyncterotomy 36 cases (51 .4%), stent application 11 cases (15.7%), sphincterotomy with stent 18 cases (25.7%) and basket method 5 cases ( 7. 1%)."