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"DPR akhirnya mensahkan RUU Perpajakan. UU No. 36 Tahun 2008 merupakan peubahan ke empat dari UU No. 7 tahun 1983, yang akan berlaku sejak Tahun Fiskal 2009. Salah satu perubahan yang paling penting ialah Pasal 17 ayat 1, yaitu Perubahan Tarif PPH Badan menjadi Tarif Tunggal sebesar 28 % terhadap Badan dan Badan Usaha Tetap. Banyak yang mendukung PPh Badan Tarif Tunggal ini yang akan membuat tarif PPh kita lebih kompetitif dalam menjaring investor. Pemerintah optimis bahwa Undang-Undang PPh yang baru akan meningkatkan daya saing karena Undang-Undang ini menawarkan banyak fasilitas untuk menciptakan suatu iklim yang kondusif bagi investasi. Perumusan masalah yang diangkat dalam penilitian ini adalah pertama, apa yang menjadi latar belakang perubahan tarif PPh Badan menjadi tarif tunggal, kedua,Apakah pengaruh tarif tunggal ini terhadap investasi, dan ketiga Apa pengaruh perubahan tarif ini terhadap investasi dan penerimaan negara dari sektor perpajakan.Untuk menjawab pertanyaan ini penelitian ini menggunakan data baik kualitatif maupun kuantitatif, data tersebut diambil dari hasil wawancara dan metode kepustakaan dengan beberapa buku yang berhubungan dengan topik. Cara dan Metode Pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah Metode Kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Secara teoritis penerapan Tarif Flat ini memang akan mempengaruh besarnya penerimaan negara tetapi pada teori nya tarif ini juga akan meningkatkan penerimaan negara secara agregat pada masa yang akan datang. Secara umum dengan menurunkan tarif pajak pekerja akan mendapat insentif yang besar untuk bekerja, investor juga akan mendapatkan kesempatan besar juga untuk menginvestasikan modalnya dan produsen akan banyak meproduksi juga.Para ekonom menjelaskan bahwa dalam jangka pendek efek dari fasilitas ini memang kecil, tetapi untuk jangka waktu panjang akan berpengaruh. Kesimpulan yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah pertama latar belakang dari perubahan tarif ini adalah untuk membuat Indonesia bersaing dengan negaranegara tetangga dalam menarik investasi asing sehingga jumlah wajib pajak badan baik yang berstatus perusahaan penanaman modal asing atau bentuk usaha tetap dari unit usaha luar negeri terus meningkat. Kedua pengaruh penurunan tarif ini terhadap minat investasi ialah sangat kecil pengaruhnya karena pertimbangan seorang investor untuk melakukan sebuah investasi di Indonesia tidak hanya berdasarkan tarif pajak yang berlaku. Pajak hanya merupakan sebuah insentif bagi seorang investor karena semakin kecilnya pajak maka margin keuntungan yang diterimanya akan semakin besar.Tarif pajak yang kompetitif memang tetap akan menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi investor yang akan menginvestasikan modalnya. Dan ketiga pengaruh investasi tersebut bagi penerimaan pajak ialah memang di prediksikan akan ada potential lost yang cukup signifikan, tetapi kebijakan penurunan tarif ini (tax cut) secara teoritis diproyeksikan dalam jangka panjang tidak akan menurunkan penerimaan negara secara aggregate, bahkan sebaliknya.Saran untuk mendukung perubahan tarif ini ialah sebaiknya penetapan tarif tunggal ini dapat memberikan insentif yang atraktif tetapi tarif ini belum ,apalagi jika melihat kondisi negara-negara regional yang cenderung telah menurunkan tarifnya. Oleh karena itu pemerintah perlu meningkatkan insentif-insentif pajak lainnya bagi investor. Sebaiknya untuk pembedaan tarif di perhatikan lagipula apa kekurangannya dan apa akibatnya jika perbedaan tarifnya cukup signifikan Undang undang No. 36 tahun 2008 ini belum berlaku, akan diberlakukan per 1 Januari 2009, diharapkan tujuan pemerintah dalam pemberlakuan tarif ini tercapai, oleh karena itu kuncinya, yakni tarif pajak ditetapkan pada besaran yang comfortable bagi wajib pajak, efisiensi sistem perpajakan, dan law enforcement bagi aparat pajak. Ketiganya harus berjalan bersamaan.

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The parliament finally approved the income tax bill proposed by the government. This law, Number 36 of 2008 regarding Fourth Amendment to Law Number 7 of 1983 on Income Tax, will come into force at the beginning of the 2009 fiscal year. One important amendment is Article 17 paragraph (1) which is concerning the Corporate Income Tax Rate. In this article introducing the enactment of a single rate (28%) on the income of corporate taxpayers and permanent establishments, which replaces the progressive rates that previously applied. Further, the single tax rate will be reduced from 28% to 25%, effective in fiscal year 2010. There has been a lot of support for an immediate income tax cut to 25 percent to make the country more competitive in netting investors. The government is optimistic that the new income tax law would improve competitiveness of Indonesian economy because the law offers numerous facilities to create a climate conducive to investment. The background problems presented in the research raising three brief question. The first question ,what is the background of amendment Tax Law No. 36 of 2008. The second,is the amendment of tax rate influence the invesment interest, and the third is the amendment of tax rate influences national revenue.To answer the questions, it is performed a set research by using the data published by Indonesian Tax Authority. A part of the applied data is qualitative getting by interviewed capable person who correlate with the topics. For gathering data is is used library research method. In, general the available data is analized by using descriptive method. Referring to the topic and variables of the research, the applied secondary data consist of investment data and corporate tax payments. From the library research also gathered the relevant theoritical background supporting the research analysis. Theoretically, application of Corporate Income Flat Tax, is true here will be lost potential revenuel but this Tax Cut Polilcy of reduce of this rate is theoretically projected on a long term will not reduce National Revenue by aggregate, even on the contrary.In general by reducing tax rate workers have greater incentive to work, investors have a greater incentives to invest and business have incentive to produce.Economis believes, in the short run, incentive effect are relatively weak, but in the long run, they can be important. While national revenue is an amount of fund receipt by the state from any sources such as income taxes. From the analizes it is founded three conclusions that (1) within the amendment of corporate income tax from Law Number 17 of 2000 to become Law Number 36 of 2008 concerning Income Tax, the amendment referring single rate (28%) on the income of corporate taxpayers and permanent establishments, which replaces the progressive rates that previously applied. These new income tax rates mean Indonesia is becoming more competitive in attracting new investment as its rates are now on par with those in neighboring countries. (2) Consideration of investor to invest in Indonesia not only because of applied tax rate. Tax only as an incentive for investor because the low rate will raise profit margin which accepted.The competitive rate actually become fascination for investor to invest his capital. Theoretically, the amendment of Corporate Income Tax Rate influences national revenue. Income Tax is based on percentage of the taxable income.Based on the preceeding conclusions, it is recommended in amendment of tax law that the government authorities preferable pay attention (1) This Flat Rate not yet given an attractive rate to fascinating the foreign investor, moreover if seeing the condition of neighbour countries which tend to have reduced his rate.Suggested thet government have to improving or create another incentives for investor. (2) Classification of rates between micro, small and medium enterprises meant for protect low-income earners and to aplying the equity principle. But also this situation can generate resistance or evasion from the business that imposed by normal rate . and (3) Tax Law No. 36 of 2008 not yet applied, will come into force at the beginning of the 2009 fiscal year, expected the target of government in application of this rate reached. Suggested the important key, for this is comfortable rate for taxpayer,taxation system efficiency, and enforcement law for Tax Authorities officer. Third of these have to applied at the same time."

"The last amendement of the Indonesia Income Tax Law is referred to as Law Number 17 of 2000 as the amendement of the Law Number 10 of 1994 Concerning Income Tax.One important amendement is Article 17 paragraph (1) which is concerning the Corporate Income Tax Rate. in the article it is regulated income tax brackets and marginal income tax rate. Corporate income tax levied on taxable income brackets such as regulated in the stipulation is related to the corporate income tax rates. The results from application of the article is being tax owed of the tax payer, which in the other hand is being portion of national revenue. By which, the essence of the research is to identify the effect of the change in corporate income tax rate on the annual investment level and national income accepted from the corporate taxpayer.Amendement of tax rate causes the changes on owed tax amount and results cash savings as an element of business liquidity that can be use for funding its operation and investment activities.The back ground problems presented in the research raising three brief questions. The first question, what changes in the tax rate. The second, is the rate amendement inifluence investment level, and the third, is the amendement of tax rate inlfluences national revenue from Corporate Income Tax of PT Antam.To answer the questions, it is performed a set of research by using the secondary data published by PT Antam. PT Antam is a state owned corporation domiciled in Jakarta, and engaged in mining.A part of the applied data is quantitative in nature and the others are qulitatives. For gathering data it is used methods of library research. In general, the available data is analized by using descriptive method.Referring to the topic and variables of the research, the applied secondary data consists of investment data and corporate tax payments from 1997 to 2004. From the library research also gathered the relevant. theoritical back ground supporting the reseach analyses.Theoretically, the people normally refer investment as the purchase of common stocks or bonds. Economist refers the purchase of new physical assets - purchases that add to aggregate demand as investment. Income taxes are percentage applied on the taxable income. In general, by lowering tax rates workers have a greater incentive to work, investors have a greater incentive to invest, and business have incentive to produce. Economist believes, in the short run, incentive effects are relatively weak, but, in the long run, they can be important. While national income is an amount of fund receipt by the state from any sources such as income taxes.From the analizes it is founded three conclusions that (1) within the amendement of corporate income tax from Law Number 10/1984 to become Law Number 17/2000 concerning Income Tax, the amendement refering with taxable income brackets only, but not in marginal income tax rate. After the amendement there are still three level of income tax rate available; namely 10%, 15% and 30%; (2) The amendement of Corporate Income Taxes Rate did not influence investment level at the PT Antam. Unless investment level indicates increasing from year to year, the amounts are not proportional with the annual income tax saving as a result from the application of the new income tax rates. Most decisions to enforce investment at the PT Antam is influenced by commercial cosiderations. Investments are intended to explore the available mineral resouces based on the profit expectations, and (3) Theoritically, the amendement of Corprorate Income Tax Rate influences national revenue from income Tax. Income Tax is based on a percentage of the taxable income.When corporate income tax decreased, at the PT Antam the annual tax payments fluctuate unlinear with the changes in tax rates. According to the data analyses, the tax payable besides influenced by tax rates also influenced by the level of taxable income. While taxable income influenced by the changes in volume of sales, unit prices, exchange rates, expenses, as well as profits as derivative of the increasing in annual investments.Based on the preceeding conclusions, it is recomended in amendement of tax law that the government authorities preferable putting attention (1) on the significance of decreasing tax payable as a result of corporate income taxes rate decreasing, (2) on performing deep research before the goverment planning the amendment to decrease tax rates to ascertain that the tax rate decreasing stimulate the increasing of corporate tax payers investment, and (3) for not to be ultra pesimistics concerning the tax rate decreasing as long as based on the best design to reach the increasing of investment."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini bertujuan untuk meneliti peran dari tarif tunggal PPh Badanterhadap investasi di Indonesia. Secara khusus, tesis ini bertujuan untukmengevaluasi apakah tarif tunggal PPh Badan dapat meningkatkan investasidengan menggunakan metode kajian pustaka lanjutan. Studi sebelumnyamengungkapkan bahwa tarif PPh Badan mempengaruhi investasi, sebagian besardari studi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara tarif PPh Badan daninvestasi adalah negatif. Meskipun begitu, tarif PPh Badan bukan merupakan satusatunyafaktor yang mempengaruhi investasi. Oleh karena itu, pembuat kebijakanseharusnya juga mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor penting lain yang dapatmenarik investasi dalam dan luar negeri.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis aims to investigate the role of a single corporate tax rate oninvestment in Indonesia. In particular, it aims to evaluate whether a singlecorporate income tax rate has improved or encouraged investment using extendedliterature review method. Previous studies revealed that corporate tax rate indeedinfluenced investment where the majority of these studies showed that it wasnegatively correlated. However, corporate tax rate was not the only factor thataffected investment; therefore, policy makers should also consider other factorswhich were also important to attract both domestic and foreign investment."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon perusahaan terhadap perubahan peraturan perpajakan yaitu UU Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pajak Penghasilan terutama pada tahun sebelum pemberlakuan undang-undang tersebut. Respon tersebut dilihat dalam bentuk manajemen laba serta dilihat juga pengaruh dari corporate governance perusahaan. Undang ? undang tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan tarif pajak penghasilan badan yang semula progresif menjadi 28% pada tahun 2009 kemudian menjadi 25% pada tahun 2010.Penelitian ini menemukan bukti bahwa perusahaan baik itu yang mengalami kerugian melakukan manajemen laba melalui penurunan discretionary accruals. Manajemen laba tersebut terbukti dilakukan pada tahun 2008 dan tahun 2009 pada loss firms, sedangkan pada profit firms hanya pada tahun 2009 dikarenakan pada tahun 2008 sempitnya waktu yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan perubahan kebijakan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara manajemen laba yang dilakukan perusahaan dengan CG. Pada profit firms variabel CG yang berpengaruh yaitu konsentrasi kepemilikan, kepemilikan institusi, dan kepemilikan manajerial, sedangkan loss firms variabel CG yang berpengaruh yaitu konsentrasi kepemilikan, kepemilikan institusi, kepemilikan manajerial, kualitas audit, dan tingkat hutang.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to determine firms response toward changes in tax regulation which is Tax Reform Act No 38 2008 especially for years before this regulation is implemented This response is reflected with earnings management and firms corporate governance Tax Reform Act No 38 2008 causes corporate tax rate reduction from progresif rate in 2008 become 28 in 2009 and then become 25 in 2010 This research finds evidence that both of profit firms and loss firms make earnings management through decrease in discretionary accruals toward firms policy to increase profit Loss firms make earnings management in 2008 and 2009 but profit firms only in 2009 because limited in time to implement earnings management as response to The purpose of this study is to determine firms response toward changes in tax regulation which is Tax Reform Act No 38/2008 especially for years before this regulation is implemented. This response is reflected with earnings management and firms corporate governance. Tax Reform Act No 38/2008 causes corporate tax rate reduction from progresif rate in 2008 become 28% in 2009 and then become 25% in 2010.This research finds evidence that both of profit firms and loss firms make earnings management through decrease in discretionary accruals toward firms policy to increase profit. Loss firms make earnings management in 2008 and 2009 but profit firms only in 2009 because limited in time to implement earnings management as response to corporate tax rate reduction in 2008. This research also suggest that earnings management and firms corporate governance has strong connection. In proft firms corporate governance variables which significant are ownership concentration, institusional ownership, and managerial ownership, then in loss firms are ownership concentration, institusional ownership, managerial ownership, audit quality and leverage."

"Tesis ini mengestimasi pengaruh penerapan tarif tunggal pada Pajak Penghasilan Badan (PPh Badan) terhadap indikasi penggelapan pajak (tax evasion). Pengukuran indikasi penggelapan pajak menggunakan hasil pemeriksaan pajak dari Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP) selama kurun waktu 6 tahun (2007-2012). Hasil statistik deskriptif dan analisis Tobit maximum likelihood menunjukkan penerapan tarif tunggal cenderung menurunkan indikasi penggelapan pajak. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa penerapan tarif tunggal pada Pajak Penghasilan Badan dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Badan. Selain itu, semakin tinggi tarif pajak penghasilan cenderung menstimuli indikasi penggelapan pajak.

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This paper investigates the difference effects of progressive rate and single rate implementation on corporate income tax to tax evasion indication. Using firm level data of tax audit results as a measure of tax evasion indication for six years observations (2007-2012), the empirical results from the sample data show that the implementation of single rate on corporate income tax reduces the tax evasion indication. In addition, the results show that the higher the marginal income tax rate, the higher the tax evasion indication."

"Pemberlakukan tarif baru untuk pajak penghasilan atas dividen yang diterima wajib pajak orang pribadi dalam negeri yang berlaku sejak Januari 2009, ditujukan untuk lebih menggairahkan investasi. Sehingga, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kebijakan tersebut memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pembuatan keputusan investasi investor individu. Dari hasil analisa yang dilakukan, diperoleh bahwa pajak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keputusan investasi investor, dimana pengaruh ini berbeda-beda antar saham dengan kinerja dividend yield yang berbeda. Analisa juga dispesifikasikan berdasarkan style-level investor yang menentukan preferensi investor dalam membuat keputusan investasi.

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The implementation of new dividend tax rate on January 2007 for individual domestic investors is aimed to stimulate the domestic investment. Due to these reason, the objective of this research is to explore whether the new tax rate policy really works in affecting individual investors' investment decision making. The result is the tax policy affects significantly to investors' investment decision making, which is varies among dividend yield performance of the shares. The analysis also focusing on investors' style level which is the basis in determining investors' investment preference."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pajak penghasilan PPh Badan terhadap permintaan tenaga kerja pada industri manufaktur di Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah berlakunya Undang-Undang No.36 Tahun 2008 tentang Pajak Penghasilan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan unit analisis perusahaan menggunakan data survei industri besar dan sedang dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Estimasi dilakukan dengan teknik unbalanced panel fixed effect model. Secara umum hasil estimasi menunjukkan pajak penghasilan PPh Badan mempunyai hubungan negatif terhadap permintaan tenaga kerja. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa modal dan tenaga kerja di industri manufaktur bersifat komplemen yang berarti kenaikan modal mengakibatkan kenaikan permintaan tenaga kerja. Tetapi secara statistik, pajak penghasilan PPh Badan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap permintaan tenaga kerja. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa pajak penghasilan PPh Badan bukan merupakan pertimbangan penting bagi perusahaan dalam menentukan jumlah tenaga kerjanya. Penurunan statutory tax rate berdasarkan Undang-Undang No.36 Tahun 2008 tidak mengakibatkan perusahaan menambah jumlah tenaga kerjanya sehingga pemerintah tidak perlu lagi menurunkan tarif pajak penghasilan PPh Badan.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the effect of corporate income tax CIT on labor demand in the manufacturing industry in Indonesia before and after the enactment of Law No.36 of 2008 about Income Tax. The study was conducted with a unit of company analysis using large and medium industry survey data from the Central Bureau of Statistics. Estimation is done unbalanced panel fixed effect model technique. In general, the estimation results show the corporate income tax CIT has negative relationship to labor demand. It shows that capital and labor in the manufacturing industry are complementary, which means the increase in capital causes an increase in labor demand. But statistically, corporate income tax CIT has no significant effect on labor demand. This indicates that corporate income tax CIT is not an important consideration for the company in determining the amount of its laborforce. Decrease in statutory tax rate based on Law No.36 of 2008 does not result in the company increase the number of its laborforce so that the government no longer need to lower the income tax rate CIT ."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara tarif Value Added Tax (VAT) dan penerimaan antar negara di dunia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Ordinary Least Square (OLS) dengan model efek tetap menggunakan sampel unbalanced data panel 128 negara periode 1970-2016. Hasilnya, penelitian ini mengkonfirmasi teori kurva Laffer bahwa bahwa tarif VAT memiliki hubungan U-Shaped terbalik terhadap penerimaan. Dengan mengeksplorasi lebih lanjut dampak informality terhadap tarif maksimal VAT, maka ditemukan bahwa besarnya informality akan mengurangi fleksibilitas pemerintah untuk meningkatkan tarif VAT.

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ABSTRACT This research aim to look at the relationship between Value Added Tax (VAT) rate and revenue among countries in the world. Research methods used in this research is the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) with a fixed effect model using a sample of unbalanced panel data 128 countires of period 1970-2016. The result of this study shows that VAT rate has a reversed U-shaped relationship to VAT revenues, confirming the Laffer Curve theory. Exploring further on the effect of informality to maximum VAT rate, we found that higher informality will reduce government flexibility in its effort to increase VAT rate."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perubahan tarif pajak PPh badan terhadap nilai pengukuran kinerja perusahaan serta faktor penentu tarif pajak efektif pada masa sebelum dan sesudah periode perubahan. Penelitian menggunakan variabel EVA, ROI, EPS serta tarif pajak efektif untuk mengetahui signifikansi perbedaan, menggunakan Wilcoxon rank test dan paired t-test. Analisis data panel dengan model random effect terkait faktor penentu tarif pajak efektif menggunakan proksi leverage, size dan capital intensity. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat perbedaan signifikan nilai EVA, ROI, EPS serta tarif pajak efektif sebelum dan sesudah periode perubahan tarif pajak, serta size berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap tarif pajak efektif sebelum perubahan tarif PPh badan.

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This study aims to determine the effect of changes in corporate income tax rate on the value of the company's performance measurement and determinants of effective tax rates in the period before and after the period of change. Studies using variable EVA, ROI, EPS and effective tax rate to determine the significance of the differences, using the Wilcoxon rank test and paired t-test. Analysis of panel data with random effects models related to determinants factors of effective tax rates using a proxy for leverage, size and capital intensity. The results showed there were significant differences in the value of EVA, ROI, EPS and effective tax rates before and after the period of change in tax rate, and size has a positive significant effect on the effective tax rate before the change in corporate income tax rates."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji hubungan pertumbuhan perusahaan, manajemen laba, pajak tangguhan, dan perubahan tarif PPh Badan dengan tarif pajak efektif perusahaan di Indonesia. Tarif pajak efektif dapat mengukur kecenderungan perusahaan untuk mengurangi kewajiban perpajakannya. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 82 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2018-2022. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan perusahaan dan pajak tangguhan berhubungan negatif dengan tarif pajak efektif perusahaan. Namun, manajemen laba Perusahaan dan perubahan tarif PPh badan tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap tarif pajak efektif.

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This research aims to examine the relationship between company growth, company earning management, deferred tax, and changes in corporate income tax rates with the company's effective tax rate in Indonesia. Effective tax rates can measure a company's tendency to reduce its tax obligations. The sample used in this research was 82 companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2018-2022. The results of this research indicate that company growth and deferred taxes have a negative relationship with the company's effective tax rate. However, company earning management and changes in corporate income tax rates do not have a significant relationship with the effective tax rate."