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"In this paper, I consider why Japan's household saving rate was so high in the past and why it has shown a downward trend in more recent years and based on this analysis, I project future trends in Japan's household saving rate...."

"Aliran debris merupakan suatu tipe gerakan sedimen dengan jumlah banyak, yang terjadipada waktu gunung api meletus atau dalam bahasa Indonesia disebut aliran lahar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan suatu percobaan untuk menentukan karakteristik aliran di atas dasar saluran tetap dan bergerak yang mendekati sifat aliran debris. Beberapa parameter aliran diperiksa dengan maksud untuk mengetahui situasi aliran dan juga gaya geser aliran terhadap partikel dapat ditinjau. Jadi hubungan antara besarnya konsentrasi sedimen dengan kedalaman aliran dan diameter partikel serta gaya gesek diatas dasar saluran dapat diketahui. Khususnya gaya seret butiran yang bekerja pada suatu tiang telah diukur untuk menentukan koeflsien kekasaran aliran debris yang menyerupai tipe aliran di lapangan. Akhirnya parameter-parameter karakteristik aliran yang telah diukur, itu dapat dibandingkan dengan satu sama lainnya.

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Debris flow as a type of massive sub-aerial sediment motion, which occurs at the time of volcanic eruptions is sometimes called lahar, in Indonesian term. The purpose of this study is to develop an experiment for determining the flow characteristics on fixed and movable beds, which close to real debris flow. The parameters governing the flow situation are examined, and the frictional drag of the flow on the particles was considered. In particular there is an understanding of the relationships between concentration, flow depth and particles diameter, and friction force on a bed. Special drag force on a pile was measured to investigate friction coefficient of debris flow as typical problem. The flow characteristics parameters were measured for comparison."

"Multi-phase flows are part of our natural environment such as tornadoes, typhoons, air and water pollution and volcanic activities as well as part of industrial technology such as power plants, combustion engines, propulsion systems, or chemical and biological industry. The industrial use of multi-phase systems requires analytical and numerical strategies for predicting their behavior. .In its fourth extended edition the successful monograph package “Multiphase flow daynmics” contains theory, methods and practical experience for describing complex transient multi-phase processes in arbitrary geometrical configurations, providing a systematic presentation of the theory and practice of numerical multi-phase fluid dynamics. In the present second volume the methods for describing the mechanical interactions in multiphase dynamics are provided."