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"This paper deals with the issue of Japan's public debt, particularly from a governance perspective. Japan's public debt continues to follow a rising path mainly due to the fact that, in the harsh economic climate the country has experienced since the 1990s, the government has ended up increasing public sector spending in order to support the Japanese economy....."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis peran debt financing dan corporate governance terhadap earning management pada perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2014 - 2019. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh debt financing dan corporate governance terhadap praktik earning management pada suatu perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan sampel purposive sampling serta menggunakan model statistik regresi berganda data panel. Variabel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini, yaitu absolute value of abnormal accruals sebagai variabel dependen, leverage, komisaris independen, dan board size sebagai variabel independen, serta variabel kontrol yang terdiri dari firm size, return on asset (ROA), growth, dan firm age. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan dan laporan tahunan pada perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014-2019. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari 380 perusahan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014 - 2019 dengan jumlah observasi sebanyak 2180 observasi. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukan adanya pengaruh signifikan yang positif antara debt financing terhadap praktik earning management pada suatu perusahaan yang diproksikan melalui tingkat leverage, serta adanya pengaruh signifikan yang positif antara corporate governance terhadap praktik earning management pada suatu perusahaan yang diproksikan melalui komisaris independen dan board size.

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This research analyzes the role of debt financing and corporate governance on earning management in non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2014-2019. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of debt financing and corporate governance on earning management practices in a company. This research uses a quantitative approach with purposive sampling and employs a multiple regression panel data statistical model. The variables used in this research are the absolute value of abnormal accruals as the dependent variable, leverage, independent commissioner, and board size as the independent variables, and control variables comprising of firm size, return on asset (ROA), growth, and firm age. The data used in this research is financial and annual reports of non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2014-2019. The sample used in this research consists of 380 non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2014-2019 with a total of 2180 observations. The results of this research show a significant positive effect of debt financing on earning management practices in a company proxied through leverage level, and a significant positive effect of corporate governance on earning management practices in a company proxied through independent commissioner and board size."

"Public organizations are now requested to continually increase its service quality to be able to compete with the private sector which is continually expanding to respond to the environment changes. One of the new paradigm in the management of the public sector is known as the New Public Management (NPM) , in which, according to some research conducted by experts, the Traditional Model of public Administration is no more suitable to the present organizational needs. A lot of work has been done towards the NPM approach , and the one , especially discussed in this writing , is the adoption of the Performance Management System (PMS) as realized by the private sector. This is because the performance measurement at the traditional model does not include the periodical evaluation towards the program as well as the individual. This measurement is also more leaning towards the economic perspective (input oriented) in which the connection between input cost and the goal has not yet been seen. For this purpose, some countries have tried to implement the PMS with some different conclusion. This writing tried to insvestigate whether the the PMS is successful or has failed based on some literature research as conducted by some scholars in this field. On the other hand, problems which are related to the implementation of the PMS and its effect towards the public sector have also been evaluated. At the end of this writing some recommendations have been presented. It is certain that each organization has different characteristics which means that the implementation of the program should be adjusted to the uniqueness of the public sector organization."

"ABSTRAKThe purpose of this study to determine the effect of earnings management on stock returns and know information asymmetry and debt covenant in moderating the effect of earnings management on stock returns. This research is a descriptive verification research that is causality. The unit of analysis in this study is a company that conducted an IPO in 2013-2016. The research data using sample data selected through purposive sampling technique and obtained by 46 companies doing IPO period 2013 until 2016. This research use technique of simple linier regression analysis and moderated regression analysis. Modified Jones Model is used to detect earnings management. Cummulative Abnormal Return (CAR) is used as a proxy of stock returns. Deb to Equity Ratio (DER) as a proxy for identifying debt covenant. The result of research with simple linear regression test showed that earnings management did not have an effect on stock return. The result of research by using moderated regression analysis test shows that information asymmetry can not moderate the influence of earnings management on stock return. Debt Covenant can moderate the effect of earnings management on stock returns."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) yang dimoderasi kinerja Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) terhadap profitabilitas, biaya utang dan nilai perusahaan. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel 148 perusahaan di negara ASEAN-5 selama periode 2017-2021, dengan jumlah observasi 740. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan metode Ordinary Least Square dan menunjukkan hasil bahwa ERM berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap ROA, positif tidak signifikan terhadap Tobins’Q dan negatif signifikan terhadap Cost of Debt. Moderasi ESG meningkatkan signifikansi penerapan ERM terhadap profitabilitas, biaya utang dan nilai perusahaan. Hasil penelitian juga menemukan bahwa pilar environment dan Social memberikan pengaruh positif signifikan, sedangkan pilar Governance tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, biaya utang dan nilai perusahaan. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah menyarankan regulator untuk membuat aturan yang lebih komprehensif terkait penerapan ERM dan ESG.

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This study aims to determine the effect of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) moderated by Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance to profitability, cost of debt and firm value. This research took a sample of 148 companies in ASEAN-5 countries during the 2017-2021 period, with a total of 740 observations. Hypothesis testing carried out using the Ordinary Least Square method and showed the results that ERM has a significant positive effect on ROA, positive not significant on Tobins'Q and has a significant negative effect on Cost of Debt. ESG moderation increases the significance of ERM implementation on profitability, cost of debt and firm value. The results of the study also found that the Environmental and Social pillars had a significant positive effect, while the Governance pillar had no significant effect on profitability, debt costs and firm value. The findings in this study are to suggest regulators to make more comprehensive rules regarding the implementation of ERM and ESG."