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"ABSTRAKPemerintahan Indonesia dalam kepemimpinan Joko Widodo memposisikan desa sebagai fokus utama pembangunan. Dimana menaikkan dana desa dari Rp.20,7 trililun pada tahun 2015 menjadi Rp.46,9 triliun pada tahun 2016, dan perencanaan pada tahun 2017 menjadi Rp.81,1 triliun, oleh sebab itu seiring dengan pembangunan infrastruktur yang semakin meningkat di perdesaan dibutuhkan kajian mengenai dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat pembangunan infrastruktur sebagai evaluasi untuk pembangunan yang akan dilakukan, sehingga memberikan kontribusi yang besar bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa dampak pembangunan infrastruktur di perdesaan Kabupaten Batang, Jawa Tengah pada aspek sosial, ekonomi, pendidikan, kesehatan dan lingkungan. Pengambilan data menggunakan teknik convience sampling dengan wawancara terstruktur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif. Fokus penelitian adalah mengetahui perbedaan dampak yang yang ditimbulkan dari pembangunan infrastruktur berdasarkan 2 kategori, kategori pertama adalah berdasarkan 3 zona geografis yaitu area perbantasan jalan Pantura, bukit dan pesisir. Kategori kedua berdasarkan lama warga bertempat tinggal di desa, yaitu lebih dari 10 tahun dan kurang dari 10 tahun. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kategori zona geografis, terdapat perbedaan dampak pada aspek sosial, sedangkan aspek ekonomi, pendidikan, kesehatan dan pendidikan tidak terdapat perbedaan dampak dan kategori lama warga menempati desa, tidak ada perbedaan dampak yang ditimbulkan pembangunan infrastruktur dari aspek sosial, ekonomi, pendidikan, kesehatan, pendidikan dan lingkungan.

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ABSTRACTIndonesian goverment in the leadership of Joko Widodo positioned the village as the main focus of development. Which increase village fund from Rp.20.7 trillion in 2015 to Rp.46.9 trillion at 2016, and planning in 2017 to Rp.81.1 trillion, therefore in line with the increasing infrastructure development in rural areas, a review of the impact of infrastructure development as an evaluation for the development which will be held, thus it will give big contribution for people. This study aims to analyze the impact of infrastructure development in rural Batang regency, Central Java on social, economic, educational, health and environmental aspects. Data collection using conventional sampling technique with structured interview. The research method used is quantitative. The focus of this research is to know the difference of the impact of infrastructure development based on 2 categories, the first category is based on 3 geographical zone that is the area of Pantura, hill and coast. The second category is based on how long the resident occupy the village, which more than 10 years and less than 10 years. Based on the research results, geographic zone category, there are different impacts on social aspect, whereas economic, education, health and education aspect there is no difference of impact and based on how long people occupy the village category, there is no difference of impact of infrastructure development from social aspect, economic, health, education and the environment. "

"Tingkat pengembangan wilayah berbeda antara satu wilayah dengan wilayah lainnya, baik dari perkembangan ekonomi maupun sosial. Karakteristik wilayah yang berbeda dapat menyebabkan efek yang berbeda tiap wilayah jika suatu intervensi pembangunan dilakukan di suatu wilayah tertentu (Kustiawan, 2009). Provinsi Jawa Barat merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki pengembangan wilayah yang berbeda-beda. Maka dari itu pemerintah membuat kebijakan mengenai arahan rencana pengembangan kawasan di Provinsi Jawa Barat dimana tiap wilayah memiliki fungsinya masing-masing. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat perkembangan wilayah pada masing-masing kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat dan menilai hubungan antara tingkat perkembangan wilayah dengan arahan pengembangan wilayah Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode indeks komposit untuk menentukan tingkat perkembangan wilayah Provinsi Jawa Barat dan analisis deskriptif untuk melihat hubungan antara tingkat perkembangan wilayah dengan arahan pengembangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tingkat perkembangan wilayah di Provinsi Jawa Barat pada tahun 2020 berbeda-beda. Tingkat perkembangan wilayah yang tinggi terdapat pada wilayah pusat pemerintahan dan wilayah yang dekat dengan pusat pemerintahan. Kemudian tingkat perkembangan wilayah yang sedang dominan berada pada wilayah bagian utara Provinsi Jawa Barat, hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh aksesibilitas dan topografi wilayah yang landai. Sedangkan tingkat perkembangan yang rendah didominasi pada wilayah bagian selatan Provinsi Jawa Barat. Perkembangan wilayah di Provinsi Jawa Barat terkonsentrasi pada pusat-pusat pemerintahan dan pusat perekonomian seperti WP KK Cekungan Bandung dan WP Bodebekpunjur. 

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The level of regional development differs from one region to another, both in terms of economic and social development. Different regional characteristics can cause different effects for each region if a development intervention is carried out in a particular area (Kustiawan, 2009). West Java Province is one area that has other regional developments. Therefore, the government makes policies regarding regional development plans in West Java Province, where each region has its function. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of regional development in each district/city in West Java Province and assess the relationship between the level of regional development and the direction of regional development of West Java Province. This study uses the composite index method to determine the level of regional development of West Java Province and descriptive analysis to see the relationship between the level of regional development and the direction of development. The results of this study indicate that the level of regional development in West Java Province in 2020 is different. A high level of regional development is found in the central government area and areas close to the government center. Then the level of regional development that is currently dominant is in the northern part of West Java Province, which is influenced by the accessibility and sloping topography of the area. In comparison, the low level of development dominated in the southern part of West Java Province. Regional development in West Java Province concentrated in government and economic centers such as WP KK Bandung Basin and WP Bodebekpunjur. "

"ABSTRAKDesa Jeruk merupakan salah satu desa dengan potensi industri batik tulis yang besar. Pemerintah Desa Jeruk telah memberdayakan potensi tersebut melalui pelaksanaan program pengembangan desa sentra batik. Akan tetapi, pelaksanaan program tersebut masih belum sepenuhnya berhasil untuk mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki Desa Jeruk. Hal ini menggambarkan adanya permasalahan dalam efektivitas pelaksanaan program tersebut, oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas pelaksanaan program tersebut serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan post-positivist. Data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini bersumber dari wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan program pengembangan desa sentra batik di Desa Jeruk tergolong cukup efektif. Hasil ini diketahui melalui proses analisis terhadap tiga dimensi, yaitu dimensi Tujuan, Aktivitas, dan Program Assumption. Dimensi yang terpenuhi ialah dimensi Aktivitas, sedangkan dua dimensi lainnya, yaitu dimensi Tujuan dan Program Assumption tidak terpenuhi. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hal tersebut dianalisis menggunakan teori Edwards III (1980) mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan pelaksanaan kebijakan, yakni faktor komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi, serta struktur birokrasi. Ditinjau dari faktor komunikasi, program ini belum dikomunikasikan dengan baik kepada seluruh pemangku kepentingan dalam program. Sumber daya yang dimiliki Desa Jeruk juga belum sepenuhnya mampu untuk menunjang pelaksanaan program. Faktor ketiga, yakni disposisi, menunjukkan belum terdapat kemauan yang tinggi dari Pemerintah Desa Jeruk dalam melaksanakan program. Faktor keempat, yakni struktur birokrasi, menunjukkan adanya fleksibilitas struktur birokrasi dalam melaksanakan kegiatan program. Selain keempat faktor tersebut, terdapat tiga faktor temuan lapangan lainnya yaitu faktor sosial, budaya, serta kompetitor. Ditinjau dari faktor sosial, kekhawatiran akan timbulnya kecemburuan sosial dari sektor ekonomi lain menyebabkan Pemerintah Desa Jeruk tidak merancang aktivitas program dengan lebih spesifik. Faktor budaya menunjukkan bahwa alasan industri batik di Desa Jeruk sulit berkembang adalah karena proses produksi yang masih bersifat manual serta faktor tenaga kerja. Faktor kompetitor menunjukkan bahwa industri batik di Desa Jeruk menghadapi kompetitor yang lebih unggul.

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ABSTRACT

Jeruk Village is one of the villages with a large potential of batik industry. The Jeruk Village Government has empowered this potential through the implementation of a batik center village development program. However, the implementation of the program has not been fully successful yet in developing the potential of the Jeruk Village. This indicates problems in the effectiveness of the program implementation, therefore the aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the program implementation and the factors that influence it. This research is conducted using a post-positivist approach. The data are colleted from in-depth interviews and literature studies. The results of the reseach indicate that the implementation of the batik center development program in Jeruk Village is quite effective. These results are known through an analysis of three dimensions, to wit, Objective dimension, Activity dimension, and Program Assumption dimension. The Activity dimension is fulfilled, while the other two, Objective dimension and Program Assumption dimension are not fulfilled. The factors that influence this are analyzed using Edwards III (1980) theory on four factors affecting the effectiveness of policy implementation, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. In terms of communication factor, this program has not been well communicated to all stakeholders in the program. The resources owned by the Jeruk Village are also not fully capable yet to support the implementation of the program. The third factor, disposition, indicates that there is not enough willingness showed by the Jeruk Village Government in implementing the program. The fourth factor, bureaucratic structure, shows the flexibility of the bureaucratic structure in carrying out program activities. In addition to these four factors, there are three other field findings, that are social, cultural, and competitor factors. Based on social factors, the concern about social disparity have caused the Jeruk Village Government to not design the program activities more specifically. Cultural factors show that the reason why batik industry in Jeruk Village facing difficulties to develop is because of the traditional production process, as well as the workers factor. Competitor factors show that the batik industry in Desa Jeruk faces superior competitors.

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"The rapid development in every field especially industry does not only give positive implication such as economic growth, work force absorption, foreign exchange reserve enhancement, and society revenue improvement, but also from when seen from aspect of living environment inevitable causes negative impacts, such as water resource pollution by industry liquid pollution. The existence of Ordinance No. 32 Year 2004 covers living environment controlling affairs as obligated affair of region city government, Based on that, Region/City Area Government has he authority to make policy in living environment field including industrial sector in order to develop industrial activities that orient to environment knowledge. The Cilegon city government has shown its commitment to living environment organization by issuing the policy in the living environment field, which is Region Regulation No. 2 year 2004 regarding Controlling of Environment Pollution and. Deterioration. This policy aims to maintain and keep environment quality according to its functions so harmonized and balanced environment can be concrete to support gradual development. This policy is expected to benefit the development of living environment preservation while keeping conducive condition to the development of economy. This policy gives authority to Department of Living Environment, Energy and Mining to Cilegon city as the policy executor. According to Hogwood and Gunn (1985: 197), the success of policy implementation needs fulfillment of 9 conditions which are: adequate resources needed, harmonization in the resources, independent institution executor, similar vision and goal towards the policy to be implemented, good coordination and communication. Meanwhile, Weimer and Mining (1992: 325) said that three (3) factors become focus of success possibility of a policy, namely logics from that policy, there is good cooperation and coordination needed to support policy implementation; there is capable and committed executor on policy implementation. Using qualitative descriptive method, it is known that policy implementation of living environment organization by Department of Living Environment, Energy and Mining (DLEEM) of Cilegon city does not succeed well in organizing its environment. Based on observation conducted by DLEEM of Cilegon city throughout clean river program, the quality of Kedung Ingas and Cibeber rivers is not good enough. This is mainly caused by the pollution of industrial liquid pollution as proved by data resulted from industry observation, which is potential to liquid pollution since some industrial liquid pollution exceed the quality standard determined. The policy goal is not achieved because variable authority, human resources, budgeting, and medium and infrastructure as well as coordination. The authority is weak because the authority as regulated in region regulation is not clearly understood by related parties. There is conflict of interest because the policy implementation of living environment organization is across sector and disciplines- The insufficient authority is influential to compliance of responsible party as targeted group and execution apparatus from other institutions to obey it. Human resources especially the quality is not sufficient to implement controlling of water pollution from industrial activities. This comes from the picture of low knowledge/proactive ability in doing observation in controlling water pollution by the industry. Explicit ability is sufficient due to uniformity of science disciplines from DLEEM executor such as Technique of Environment, Biology, and Chemistry which when combined with social and management science. They will become power in controlling industrial liquid pollution into the water resources of Cilegon city. The budgeting support is not sufficient yet and thus becomes the weakness in controlling industrial liquid pollution into water resources. The support of good medium and infrastructure, either in the form of operational vehicle supply or laboratory equipment, are not sufficient to support the activity of living environment controlling especially liquid pollution by industry activity. Mechanism of living environment organization involves related institutions, coordination between institutions is needed but they are not concrete yet considering no standards of networks between sectors and the concept of bureaucracy attitudes towards networking is not developing yet. To increase the success of policy implementation of living environment, several efforts must be done, namely:a.To conduct good cooperation and coordination between related institutions by communicating effectively.b.To empower society to help observe industry pollution.c.To improve ability, executor needs motivation from the leader.d.To introduce and facilitate efforts for waste minimization throughout clean production program.e.Supporting budgeting, sufficient medium and infrastructure are needed in policy implementation in living environment field."

"ABSTRACTGagasan pembangunan desa pasca otoritarian dipandang sebagai transformasi pembangunan desa, karena tidak lagi menempatkan desa sebagai objek pembangunan yang ditandai adanya tuntutan penyusunan instrumen pembangunan desa. Namun secara praktik, instrumen pembangunan tersebut ternyata tidak mengakomodasi perbaikan produktivitas pertanian dan peternakan di Kampung Pasir Angling Desa Suntenjaya Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Sebab, petani-peternak tidak memiliki kapasitas pengetahuan dengan daya dukung tatanan administratif untuk menghendaki arah perbaikan. Pada kenyataannya, mekanisme musyawarah dusun secara tersirat diarahkan untuk menghendaki perbaikan dari negara. Dengan menggunakan perspektif pembangunan kritis, penelitian ini berpandangan bahwa transformasi pembangunan desa dapat berlaku apabila tidak terbatas pada perubahan strategi kebijakan publik, melainkan melingkupi perubahan sosial di berbagai sektor kehidupan masyarakat desa. Berangkat dari hal itu, penelitian ini menarasikan pendekatan dan bentuk pemberdayaan petani-peternak Yayasan Walungan dalam rangka menemu kenali transformasi pembangunan desa. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa transformasi pembangunan desa yang memiliki karakteristik pemberdayaan dapat tercapai apabila terdapat penempatan elemen masyarakat sipil sebagai pihak yang menginisiasi artikulasi kebutuhan dan mengaktifkan kesadaran petani-peternak dalam praktik pembangunan desa. Gagasan mengenai artikulasi, dalam penelitian ini, diupayakan melalui perbaikan relasi yang bersifat egaliter, aktivitas kolektif, dan pengorganisasian masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualititatif dalam mendeskripsikan pemberdayaan petani-peternak di Kampung Pasir Angling, Desa Suntenjaya, Kabupaten Bandung Barat.

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ABSTRACTThe idea of post authoritarian rural development is seen as the transformation of rural development, since it no longer places the village as an object of development characterized by the demand for the preparation of rural development instruments. However, in practice, the development instrument did not accommodate the improvement of agricultural and livestock productivity in Kampung Pasir Angling Suntenjaya Village, West Bandung regency. Since, farmers do not have the capacity of knowledge with the carrying capacity of the administrative order to require direction of improvement. In fact, the mechanism of deliberations of the hamlet is implicitly aimed at seeking improvement from the state. Using a critical development perspective, the study argues that village development transformation may apply if not limited to changes in public policy strategies, but rather to social change in various sectors of village life. Departing from that, this research narrates approach and form of the community development of farmer breeder that initiated by Yayasan Walungan in order to find the transformation of village development. This study proposes arguments that the transformation of the rural development mdash which has the characteristics of empowerment mdash can be achieved when there is a placement of the civil societys elements as the party that initiates the articulation of needs and activates the consciousness of farmer breeders in the practice of rural development. The idea of articulation in this study is attempted through relations improvement in egalitarian way, collective activities, and community organizing. This research used qualitative research approach in describing the community development of farmer breeders in Kampung Pasir Angling, Desa Suntenjaya, Kabupaten Bandung Barat. "